Native vocabulary is more basic and common words in every language system. As an important part of native vocabulary, mimetic words is the word group changed the other senses except auditory sense to segmental sound which can express human emotion and smoothly describe objects. Therefore, in order to strengthen performance effects of language, Korean and China people use a lot of mimetic words in their daily life. Even in Chinese language, mimetic words is not as well-developed as Korean. Many scholars have focused on the mimetic words, which a large number of related papers exist, because it plays an important role in the whole language. Most of which, however, are only the research on phonology, significancy, sentence syntax ,there is no evidence that word order exists. Based on the previous studies in both Korea and China, this thesis intends to analyze the similarities and divergences of word order in mimetic words.

This study conducts a sociolinguistic analysis of coordinate word order in Korean. The results can be summarized as follows: (i) Word placement (P1, P2) of coordinate word order is determined by the elements of lexical hierarchy, basic vocabulary, word frequency and sociocultural meaning. The elements of lexical hierarchy, basic vocabulary, and word frequency designate the status along the familiar-estranged and superior-inferior axes. (ii) The primary types of coordinate word order are divided into right order (pattern A) types and counter order (pattern B) types. Further, these are based on the arrangement of affirmative meaning (Af) and negative meaning (Ne), which are in accordance with word placement and the sociolinguistic rules of the alternative rule and co-occurrence rule. (iii) The environment types of coordinate word order include natural word order, social word order, and belief word order. The types of word order use include freezing word order and situational order. Therefore freezing word order and situational order, combined with right order and counter order, constitute the formation rule of word order. Based on our saram/horaŋi (man and tiger) example, we describe the input and output of word order. (iv) Coordinate word order comprises different types of word order use, which are influenced by gender variety. Further, the pooling of word order types forms a sociolinguistic pattern and a V-shaped curve. There is also generation variety, which also allows for sociolinguistic patterns to be formed through pooling. The criteria for a W-shaped curve are bi-order, right word order, and counter word order, which combine to form an age-grading and undulating pattern. Finally, there is class variety. In rural dialects class references are used. High classes use the right word order of new types, while low classes use the right word order of old types.

This study investigates the tendency of the word order of Japanese adjectives. Japanese adjectives are the representative adjectival modifiers and they define the nature, condition and characteristics of the words that are defined. There were not many studies on the word order among Japanese adjectives; however, their natural and general word order exists in case that the plural adjectives are used in the sentence. This study reveals the existence of a tendency in word order such as the adjectives representing the amount, the adjectives representing the old and new and the short- and long-term period and the adjectives representing the evaluation (judgment) by means of focusing on the word order among Japanese adjectives. Meanwhile, the adjectives representing the small and large, color and shape are not likely to have their word order. In short, this study suggests the following word order: amount〉time (old and new, long-term and short-term)〉small and large, color, shape〉evaluation> main noun.

한문의 문장은 애초부터 일상적인 용어를 그대로 기록하는 것이 아니라 미문의식에 의한 수사적인 기록을 추구하였다. 그림문자에서 출발한 漢字가 지극히 예술적인 구조적 특성을 지니고 조화로운 균형미를 지니고 있듯이 글자를 나열하여 문장을 이루는 데도 미의식은 그대로 적용되었으니 바로 조화의 미를 추구한 수식적인 문장이다. 한문은 동일한 내용을 표현하는 데도 다양한 수사기법을 적용한다. 이는 중국인의 생활의식과도 관련이 있는 것으로 표현상의 융통성이 큰데서 비롯된 수사법상의 특징이라 할 수 있다. 한문의 수사기법 중에서도 도치에 의한 수사법은 어느 언어에서보다 다양하다. 이는 보다 짜임새 있는 문장의 구성으로 전달의 효과를 높이려는 의도에서 나온 수사적 기법이라 할 수 있다. 도치는 어순의 변화는 있지만 문장의 내용은 변함이 없는 것으로 표현의 융통성을 부리는 기법이다. 그 목적은 어느 부분을 강조하여 전달의 효과를 높이려는 것이 일반적이며, 표현과 音律上의 조화적인 규율을 추구한 경우도 있다. 도치의 수법을 빈번하게 사용하는 일은 난해한 문장을 이루는 요인이 되기도 한다. 흔히 한문은 문법이 복잡하여 선명한 한계를 규정할 수 없다고 말한 것은 바로 도치에 의한 기본형의 다양한 변화 때문이라고 볼 수도 있다. 변형이 많은 한문의 문장구조를 이해하기 위해서는 반드시 도치의 수사기법을 파악하고 이해해야 한다. 우리나라에서 한문은 외국어와 우리말의 양면적인 성격을 지니고 있다. 우리에게 한문학습의 중요성은 재삼 언급할 필요가 없다. 따라서 한문학습에 큰 도움이 되는 어법적인 방면에서도 다양한 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다. 지금까지 어법에 관한 연구서나 연구물이 다소 나왔지만 기본어법 분석에 치중하였기에 문장 구성상의 다양한 변화를 일으키는 도치 생략 대우와 같은 수사적 기능에 대한 연구는 찾아보기 힘들다. 이와 같은 현실을 감안하여 본고를 통해서 한문학습을 위한 방안으로 도치에 관련된 전반적인 형태를 유형별로 분류하여 정리하고 분석해 보았다.

It is argued in this article that the crucial aspects of syntactic change in the history of English are derived from the fact assumption that the LCA is applied to lexical items individually in the [CP-VP] clause structure of Old English, yielding various patterns of AUX, V and O placement. In the meantime the LCA is applied directly to the clause structure [CP-TP-vP-VP] of Modern English, thus deriving the fixed word order. With the assumption that Old English AUX and V are base-generated in the same position of VP under the [CP-VP] structure, one of both should move out of VP in order to asymmetically c-command each other due to the LCA requirements, deriving AUX-V order or V-AUX order in the surface subordinate clauses of Old English. After the introduction of TP and vP in Middle English, however, it is argued that AUX and V are base-generated in TP and vP respectively, showing the structure where TP asymmetically c-commands vP. Thus the word order change in the history of English is shown to be derived from the LCA availability.

This paper critically reviews the development of the concept of parameter and its relation with word order. As is well known, generative grammar has developed and changed a number of models when confronted with theory internal contradictions. Though the consensus within the realm of generative grammar is for Kayne’s (1994) LCA and universal SHC hypothesis, this paper shows problems with these hypotheses, which will lead us to give up them at least for the analysis of Korean data. Consequently, we should get an alternative to LCA or maintain the word order parameter

Young-Soon Kim. 2001. Discourse Functional Interpretation of the Word Order Variation. Studies Modern Grammar 24, 137-159. In many linguistic studies there has been a dichotomy between formal and functional approaches. This paper will attempt to connect the two approaches because linguistic expressions always simultaneously have formal grammatical properties and functional pragmatic properties. In order to do it, this study explains the concept of the discourse-grammar, demonstrates the discourse-grammar relationship of Korean, German, and English, and deals with the motivation of word order variation in English. There are expressions of discourse functions in English, for example, the left attachment and the right attachment. The former has the interpretation of marked topicalization and the latter has the effect of creating a new focus of statement. The outline of results in this study is as follows: Korean and German are pragmatical languages, which make use of grammatical means to cope with discourse-functional requirements in quite a different way from English.

Kim, Jae-gue. 1998. A Minimalist Theoretic Analysis of Word Order Parameter. Studies in Modern Grammar 14, 151-173. The purpose of this study is to examine the correlation of head movement and word order under the postulation that the order of the sentential constituents is closely related to the head parameter and head movement. In this paper, it is shown that Chomsky`s(1993, 1995) Economy Principle not only covers the effects of the ECP, Ouhalla`s(1990b) Neg Parameter, Pollock`s(1989) theta-opacity, Pesetsky`s(1989) Earliness Principle, but also effectively account for the properties of head movement and word order in English, French, German, and Korean. Following Chomsky (1993), the motivation of head movement is regarded as morphological feature-checking and differences of word order are analyzed in terms of the properties of functional categories. In the framework of Minimalist Theory, the morphological features of functional categories in English, French, German, and Korean, including many other languages are classified into strong vs. weak, and the surface word order of them is explained on the base of the properties of these features.

Hwang, Bo-geun. 1998. Word-order Patterns of Compounds in Beowulf. Studies in Modern Grammatical Theories, 12, 1-18. The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the compounds employed in Beowulf and to get the data concerning word-order patterns of compounds in it. The compounds are first classified into word-classes by their behaviors in the context: nouns, adjectives, and verbs. The noun compound is the largest in number, 83.2%, and the adjective and verb are 16.4% and 0.4%, respectively. In this study are excluded the verb combined with adverbs and prepositions, such as aet, be, for, in, ofer, purh, under, up, wip, etc. The lowest in frequency of the verb compound is explained by it. The adverb compounds are not found chiefly because the genitive and accusative cases of nouns are used as adverbs. Of the noun compounds the combination `Noun+Noun` is the highest in frequency; of the adjective `Noun+Adjective` is higher than `Adjective+Noun`. The analysis of the semantic structures of the noun compounds is shown in Table 2.2.1. The word-order pattern `O+V` surpasses the `V+O` pattern in number; the `Modifier+ Noun` does the `Noun+Modifier`. The `V+S` pattern is not found while the `S+V` is lower in frequency. In the adjective compounds (as shown in Table 2.2.2), the `V+S` is greater than the `S+V`; the `O+V` is greater in number than other combinations, and the `V+O` is not found. The `Adverb+Adjective` is much higher in frequency than the `Adjective+Adverb`. In the analysis of the semantic structures of the compounds in Beowulf (shown in Table 2.2.4), the highest in frequency is found in the word-onler `OV` and those consisted of elements with the `Modifier+Head` relationship. This suggests that the English in Beowulf, i.e., the English up to the 11th century had the word-order patterns of an OV language.

Park, Sang-soo. 1996. The Effect of Formal Features on the Word Order Change in the History of English. Studies in Modern Grammatical Theories 9: 27-55. According to the descriptive study of texts of OE, the underlying word order of Late OE should be analyzed as a double base hypothesis. We therefore propose that the functional category of IP had both I-final SOVI and I-initial SIOV and the lexical category of VP had head-initial OV in the OE underlying structure. In the Minimalist Program the operation Attract-F is driven by the morphological considerations: the requirement that some formal features must be attracted to the functional category and checked off before Spell-out. We can explain the verb-seconding and the topicalization of OE main clauses using the operation Attract-F. The strong features of [+finite] and [+topicJ appear in the C of CP and attract the morphological features of lexical category to check the verb-seconding in the C and the topicalization in the Spec of CP. The change of underlying word order from SOVI and SIOV of OE to SIVO of ME was triggered by the inflections which were rich and full in the OE period but became reduced and levelled in the ME period The levelled inflections of ME provided the morpho-syntactic motivation for the reanalysis of underlying word order that caused the [+finite] feature in C to incorporate into the (+tense] feature in I and made the verb-seconding and the cliticization disappear in the ME period.