This study was conducted to investigate the potential of toy provision for stress reduction, welfare improvement and toy preference in finishing pigs. Toy shape was expected to exert effects on stress related behaviors including fighting, bothering, and feed competition. Three different toy shapes (i.e. square, round, and oval) were given to groups of finishing pigs. A no toy control group was also included. The duration and frequency of abnormal behaviors and use time for toy preference were compared among groups. The duration and frequency of stress related behaviors was higher (p<0.01) among the non-toy-using finishing pigs on 20 minutes and 118 times than 16 minutes and 57 times of toy-using finishing pigs. Toy shape exerted no significant effects, however, toy use displayed a clear ability to reduce stress related behaviors among finishing pigs. Toy use time and shape both displayed no clear effect on the duration of stress related behaviors. These behaviors were most frequently displayed in the afternoons when the finishing pigs become most active, and were not affected by toy shape. Overall, the square shaped toy was used much longer (9.7 hours) and more frequently (566 times) in a 24 hour period by the finishing pigs (p<0.01). In conclusion, providing toys to finishing pigs reduces stress and stress related behaviors. This finding is expected to positively impact welfare and improve finishing pig productivity. Square shaped toys were most preferred by the finishing pigs, therefore adopting toys with square features is recommended.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a web-based video program related to abnormal mental disorder behaviors in standardized patients and verify its effectiveness for nursing students. Methods: This study consisted of pre-test and post-test for a non-equivalent control group design. The participants were 46 nursing students(experimental group: 23, control group: 23). The experimental group was trained in a video program that applied standardized patients, while the control group received traditional training. Data collected from March to June, 2020, were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 25.0, chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U test, and independent t-test. Results: The difference between the experimental and control groups was statistically significant in terms of learning satisfaction (Z=2.08, p=.038), learning self-efficacy(t=2.80, p=.009), motivation for transfer(t=3.45, p=.001), and clinical reasoning competence(t=2.28, p=.028). Conclusion: This study showed that a video program on abnormal mental disorder behaviors in standardized patients is an effective tool for mental health nursing education.

목적 : 치매노인을 대상으로 한 스노즐렌 치료가 이상심리행동과 뇌파에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 한다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 알쯔하이머 진단을 받은 3명의 중등도 치매노인을 대상으로 하였다. 개별실험연구(singlesubject experimental research design)로서 반전연구인 ABA’설계(ABA’ design)를 사용하였으며, 중재기(9회기)에는 주 2회 약 20~30분간 1:1 간접적 접근방식으로 스노즐렌 치료를 적용하였다. 매회기(15회기) 비디오관찰을 통해 대상자들의 이상심리행동을 측정하고, 실험 전·후로 뇌파의 변화를 살펴보았다. 결과 : 스노즐렌치료를 받은 모든 대상들은 각성수준이 낮을 때 발생하는 쎄타파와 불안 정서적으로 초조할 때발생하는 감마파의 감소를 보였고, 이상심리행동의 중점적 행동 중에서 반복적 행동이 감소되었다. 결론 : 스노즐렌 치료는 중증도 알쯔하이머 치매노인의 이상심리행동 감소에 긍정적인 효과를 보였으며, 뇌파에서도정서적으로 안정된 변화를 나타내었다. 따라서, 스노즐렌 치료는 이상심리행동을 보이는 치매노인의 증상완화에 도움이 될 것이다.

서론 : 치매노인의 이상행동에 관한 다감각자극 프로그램의 적용효과를 알아보고자, 기존 연구문헌들의 대상자, 연구 설계, 분석방법 및 결과, 제한점 등을 통하여 후속연구에 필요한 정보를 제시하고자 한다. 본론 : 자료는 PubMed에서의 데이터 정보를 통해 ʻʻdementia, multiple sensory, snoezelen, Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia(BPSD)ʼʼ에 해당하는 연구들을 검색하여 수집하였다. 그 중 치매노인의 이상행동에 관한 다감각자극 프로그램의 적용에 대한 12개의 연구결과를 대상자, 연구 설계, 측정도구, 치료방법 및 결과, 분석방법, 제한점에 대하여 제시하였다. 치매노인의 이상행동에 다감각자극 프로그램을 적용한 연구들에서 모두 긍정적인 효과를 나타내었으며, 10개의 연구에서는 통계적으로 유의한 결과를 보였다. 비교연구에서는 다감각자극 프로그램그룹에 속한 그룹이 일반적 보호관리가 이루어진 통제군과 작업활동이 적용된 대조군보다 의식수준, 반항적 행동, 우울증상, 무감동적 행동, 공격적 행동, 상호작용능력 등에서 유의한 차이를 보인 효과를 나타내었다. 그러나 중재기간에서만 유의한 차이를 보이거나, 추적조사에서는 다시 이상행동이 증가함에 따라 중재전과 비교하면 유의한 차이를 보이지 않은 결과도 있었다. 결론 : 치매노인의 이상행동 감소에 다감각자극 프로그램적용이 긍정적인 효과를 보였으나 그 유지에 대한 연구의 필요성이 요구된다.

This study was carried out to investigate breakfast behaviors of female college students. 500 questionnaires were distributed and 417 were used for statistical analysis(SAS program). This survey was conducted from June, 2000 to October, 2000. 44.7% of the respondents considered lunch to be the most important meal. 51.6% students thought that people must eat breakfast. 41.6% of the students always eat breakfast but 22.1% do not eat breakfast. Conventional type of breakfast was found to be the most popular (67.6%). But ￦400,000 monthly allowance group(P<0.05) and self prepared breakfast group preferred Western style breakfast. The main reason for eating breakfast was for health(34.6%). The group of students with less monthly allowance were more likely to skip breakfast due to lack of time (p<0.01). Physical discomforts after skipping breakfast were: lack of strength(42.5%), stomach ache(36.3%), giddiness(9.1%), and recovered temper(12.1%). In conclusion, it is needed that a convenient and nutritional education should be developed for college students' health.

This study was made in order to find out the relationship between the psychological soundness and the eating attitude influenced by eating disorder, and the summary of the results are as follows; 1. Almost all of the surveyed girls were in the criteria of standard weight, however they regard themselves more obese than what their actual body shape normally shows. It shows that they want a further slimmer body shape than the standard one (p=0.0000). 2. Tangable relationship was observed between such variables as her own acknowledged body type, eating attitude influenced by eating disorder and the psychological soundness. The more the girls think themselves slim the higher the score of eating attitude becomes (p=0.0000) and the lower the anxiety score becomes (p=0.0044). 3. Significant relationships was found between the obesity and the eating attitude influenced by eating disorder (p=0.0001). For the underweighted girls the high score of eating attitude influenced by eating disorder was observed, and it shows the increasing degree of eating disorder risk for them.