인삼은 반음지성 식물로 해가림을 위해 지붕 및 벽에 해가림막 시설이 필요하다. 하지만 해마다 강해지는 강풍이나 태풍으로 인해 많은 농가시설물이 피해를 입고 있으며, 특히 인삼재배시설의 경우 시설물이 길게 하나로 연결되어 있어 피해가 크다. 이러한 피해를 방지하기 위해서는 인삼재배시설에 가해지는 풍하중을 평가하여 그것에 견딜 수 있도록 내풍설계를 해야 한다. 이 연구에서는 관행식과 후주연결식 인삼재배시설의 구조골조에 대한 풍하중을 산정하기 위해 필요한 지붕 및 벽 해가림막의 순압력계수를 풍동실험을 통해 정량적으로 평가하였다. 이 연구결과는 인삼재배시설에 대한 내풍설계의 기초자료가 될 것이다.

인삼은 반음지성 식물로 해가림을 위한 해가림막 시설이 필요하다. 하지만 해마다 강해지는 강풍이나 태풍으로 인해 많은 시설물이 피해를 입고 있으며, 특히 인삼재배시설의 경우 시설물이 연결되어 하나의 단지를 이루고 있어 피해가 크다. 해가림막은 차광을 위한 것이지만 바람이 투과하는 재질로 이루어진 것도 있어 강풍에 의해 바람이 투과 하는지 아닌지를 판단할 필요가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 인삼재배시설의 대표적인 두 가지의 설치유형(관행식, 후 주연결식)을 고려하여 모형을 재현하였다. 그리고 먼저 열선풍속계를 이용하여 투과실험을 선행한 후 다점풍압계를 이용하여 본 실험을 수행하여 인삼재배시설의 골조용 풍압분포 특성을 규명하였다. 실험 결과는 인삼재배시설의 설치유형에 따라 하방향 순압력계수와 상방향 순압력계수로 나누어 그래프로 정리하였다.

본 연구는 인삼재배 해가림 시설의 실태를 조사하여 시설의 구조 및 환경 공학적인 특성을 분석하고, 개선 방안을 도출하여 환경조절형 인삼재배시설의 개발을 위한 기초자료 제공을 목적으로 하였다 6개 인삼 주산지를 대상으로 현장실측 및 설문조사를 수행하였으며, 그 결과를 분석하여 뼈대구조의 재질에 따라 목재시설과 철재시설로 분류하고, 기둥과 서까래의 연결방식에 따라 전후주연결식과 후주연결식으로 분류하였으며, 도리와 보조도리의 세부구조에 따라 프레임식과 케이블 식으로 구조를 유형화하였다. 시설구조의 실측조사결과 기둥과 서까래는 대부분 표준 규격 이상의 단면을 사용하고 있었으나, 도리와 보조도리는 규격 미달이 많았고 이를 전혀 설치하지 않은 경우도 상당수 있어 이 부분에 대한 보강이 필요한 것으로 판단되었다. 시설의 폭과 높이, 기둥의 설치간격 등은 대체로 표준형과 비슷한 규격으로 설치하는 경향이었으나 편차가 크고, 구조적으로 취약한 부분도 상당수 있으므로 자재의 규격화와 시공 및 조립방법의 표준화가 필요하고, 폭설에 대한 대책과 보강설계가 가장 중요한 구조개선 사항으로 판단되었다. 환경관리 부분에서는 관수기준 설정 연구가 시급하고, 가장 힘들고 시간이 많이 소요되며 기계화 및 자동화가 요구되는 작업은 해가림 시설의 설치인 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서 설치비가 저렴하고 구조적으로 안전하며, 작업성이 양호한 동시에 환경조절 이용이한 인삼재배시설의 개발이 필요할 것으로 생각 되었다.

Background : This experiment was conducted to study the characteristics of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) growth by LED artificial light source in the plastic house using multi-stage cultivation facility and artificial soil. Methods and Results : Seedlings of Korean ginseng cultivar cultivated from 6:00 am to 6:00 pm by adjusting the ratio of 1 : 1, 2 : 1 and 3 : 1 for red light and blue light for the LED light quality test. Controls were tested by treating the white light (fluorescent lamps) for the same time. The average temperature inside the plastic house remained above 25℃, then below 25℃ after mid-August and below 20℃ after mid-September. The temperature near the roots of the artificial soils was higher than 26℃ in late July and early August and lowered to 20℃ or lower in all treatments in September. The pH of the soil was in the standard range, but the EC value was 2.89 in the soil before the test and 5.83 in the white light treatment, higher than the standard range of 1.0. The light intensities were 95.3 μmol and 94.9 μmol in the 3 : 1 and 2 : 1 ratios of red and blue light, respectively. The photosynthetic rate was 1.72 μmole CO2/㎡/s in 3 : 1 treatment and 1.9 times higher than white light treatment. As the red light ratio increased, the light amount and photosynthetic rate increased. Growth characteristics of aerial parts (plant height, leaf length etc.) by LED irradiation were longer than that of white light treatment in the 2 : 1 or 3 : 1 treatment of red light and blue light. The root length was the longest at 13.7 ㎝ in the 3 : 1 treatment of red and blue light, taproot length were 6.9 ㎝ and 6.6 ㎝ in the 2 : 1 treatment and 3 : 1 treatment, respectively, longer than 4.3 ㎝ in white light. Root fresh weight was the heaviest (3.6 g/plant) in 3 : 1 treatment for red and green lights. Conclusion : It was confirmed that the rate of photosynthesis of Korean ginseng was higher than that of white light treatment and the growth characteristics of aerial and root parts were excellent at the ratio of 3 : 1 of LED red light and blue light in plastic house using multi-stage cultivation facility and artificial soil.

Background : This experiment was conducted to select suitable industrial crop after Panax ginseng cultivation under the greenhouse in the middle area. Methods and Results : This experiment was conducted in greenhouse of Chungbuk Agricultural Research Service and extension services from 2015 and 2016 years. Ginseng grown four years in greenhouse. After cropping of Panax ginseng was transplanted Cynanchum wilfordii, Platycodon grandiflorm, Dioscorea opposita, and Codonopsis lanceolata. Non-cultivated field that were grown sesame. Cynanchum wilfordii, Platycodon grandiflorm, and Codonopsis lanceolata was collected in the Chungbuk area and Dioscorea opposita was collected in Andong-si. Each industrial crop after panax ginseng cultivation under the greenhouse was sowing from late April to early May 2015 years. The growth and yield of crop examined in the experiment were good on the whole except Codonopsis lanceolata without disease due to continuous cropping of Panax ginseng. The yield of Cynanchum wilfordii, Platycodon grandiflorm, Dioscorea opposita, and Codonopsis lanceolata was 803kg, 1,393kg, 1031kg, 412kg per 10a respectively, and the every decline yield index was by 1%, 8%, 12%, and 31% respectively. The proper crop in after cropping of Panax ginseng was cynanchum wilfordii, which was yielded 1,393kg per 10a by fresh tuber and it was 1% decline compared to the non-cultivated field. Conclusion : In this study, Cynanchum wilfordii, Platycodon grandiflorm, Dioscorea opposita was recommended as a crop after Panax ginseng cultivation under the greenhouse in the middle area.

Background : Ginseng is becoming depleted of virgin cultivation area due to the problem of replant failure. Ginseng farmers have become more burdensome in operating expense because they are more likely to go out to other cities in search of virgin cultivation area. In addition, the quality and yield of ginseng cultivated in one place for many years depend on the rapidly changing climate every year. The purpose of this study was to develop a method for continuous production of ginseng in a facility by solving the problems of replant failure and investigating basic soil composition and growth characteristics of ginseng for 2 - 6 years. Methods and Results : This study was carried out in a 90 ㎝ wide, 50cm deep and 22 m long bed made of sandwich panels in a 90% shaded facility for ginseng cultivation. In the lower part of the bed, a 100 ㎜ pipe for drainage and steam sterilization was installed, and the pearlite was filled at a height of 100 ㎜ as a drainage material. The soil for ginseng cultivation was put into the bed. Soil composition was tested in five combinations including virgin soil, yokto, peat moss, pearlite, and vermiculite with different composition ratios including control. The native seedlings were transplanted and grown from 2 years to 6 years. In the growth characteristics and yield of ginseng, the best treatments were virgin soil 55%, yokto 10%, Peatmoss 25%, Perlite 5% and 5% vermiculite. Also, the bulk density was reduced by 30% compared to the control. Soil pH and EC tended to increase slightly during all treatments. In the ginsenoside analysis, there were no unusual results for the soil composition and they were almost similar. Conclusion : As a method to continuously grow ginseng in the facility, we tried to grow ginseng by filling the soil in the bed. Soil composition should be within the range of chemistry and physics suitable for cultivation of ginseng, and it is necessary to analyze the economy and reduce the operating expense. In the future, researches on soil disinfection and nutrient management methods for continuous use should be continued.

Background : The use of the rain shelter facility gets more prevalent in the Ginseng cultivation area these days. This study is designed to establish a technique for the stable cultivation of Ginseng in the rain shelter facilities in high temperature (above 30 ℃) without the damage from high temperature Methods and Results : This study was carried out on 3-year Ginseng roots in 2016 in order to find out how to stably cultivate Ginseng in high temperature without suffering the high temperature damage during the cultivation of Ginseng under rain shelter facilities. The rain shading materials were coated with scattering film (scattering film + black shading net 90%), bluish white double-sided film (shading 85%) and PE film (PE film + black shading net 90%). The damage reduction by high temperature was made to the scattering film and bluish-white double-ended film only. An aluminum screen (shading rate: 40%) was installed when the high temperature (above 30℃) was reached while the isoprene (solution of 2000 times) was sprayed 4 times every 7 days from the full development stage. The light transmittance was 12.6 - 13.4% for the scattering film, 10.5 - 10.8% for the bluish-white double sided film and 7.1% for the PE film in the first coating while it was 7.3% for the scattering film and 7.1% for the bluish-white double-sided film when the aluminum screen was installed in high temperature. The high, average and low values in the relative humidity were higher inside the facility than in the outside during the survey period. The area of leaf was the largest under the scattering film. The area of leaf was the largest for the scattered film under the aluminum shade of 40% shading followed by that of spraying of isoprene 4 times, and that of the no-treatment. As for the growth under ground, the growth of underground shoots increased by 40% in aluminum screen, 53.7% in shading and 26.1% in the spraying of isoprene 4 times than non-shading while there was no difference among other rain shelter materials. Conclusion : The result of the research showed that when the scattering film is selected as the rain shelter material film for the cultivation of Ginseng, it is necessary to shade the sunlight as much as 40% by using the aluminum screen or the shading net to reduce the high temperature damage.

Background : This study was carried out to investigate the changes of the growth of ginseng in the house when the light intensity was increased. Three shading screens were used: shading materials 85%, 77%, and 55% net. Changes in the growth of ginseng and the quality of red ginseng were investigated in these shading materials. Methods and Results : The test site was a three house constructed in the Punggi Ginseng Research Institute, Gyeongsangbuk - do Agricultural Research and Extension Services. The entrance to the house is located east-west, and the structure is double steel frame. The inside of the house is covered with vinyl, and 85%, 75%, 55% shading net is installed for each shading treatment. From the end of June to the middle of August, a 55% shading net was double covered to reduce the high temperature damage. The test material was grafted on March 20, 2013. The management of the irrigation water was from 30 kPa to 10 kPa. The aM-21A data log of Wise Sensing Co., Ltd. was used to measure the cultivation environment in the house. Photosynthesis was measured using Lci Compact Photosyntheisi System, adc, UK. Surveys were carried out in accordance with the inspection standards of the Rural Development Administration. The data were analyzed statistically using SPSS. Conclusion : The summer temperature of shading method was more than 2℃ higher than other treatments in 55% shading treatment and more than 6℃ in autumn. The light intensity of 90 μmol/s/㎡ was lower than that of August, and the light intensity was higher than 400 μmol at the end of September. The 55% shading method showed twice as much light in summer and more than four times in autumn. The amount of photosynthesis increased due to the light intensity of 55% treatment, especially in the morning of May. In the light of shading method, 85% light shading method showed the best growth at 2 years, but 55% at 3 years and more, and 5 years at 5 years.

Background : Ginseng rain cover farming is expanding around Jinan county and Jangsu country of North Jeolla Province. Some farmers doing ginseng rain cover farming have suffered from difficulties due to hot weather damages. However, it is a situation that the study on mitigation techniques for high temperature damage do not exist with ginseng rain cover farming. Methods and Results : The test covering work was firstly done on April 28th for heat block film+90% black light blocking net, blue double sided film, and PE film+75% black light blocking net and when it comes to second treatment, 30% and 40% shading were implemented for heat block film group and blue double sided film group respectively and 75% black light blocking net was installed on PE film+75% shading group. When it comes to micro-climate measurement in rain cover facility, temperature, humidity and light intensity were measured during the growing period of ginseng. The results are as follows. Regarding the light transmittance (per PAR, 10 am in clear day) in facility with 1st covering, light block film covered group (LBF), blue double sided film group (BDF) and PE film group have 12.9±1.8%, has 11.6±1.0% and 27.1±1.1% respectively and after 2nd covering, in LBF groups, 30% blocking, 40% blcoking and no blocking have 10.6±1.3%, 8.2±0.9% and 12.9±1.8% and in BDF groups, 30% blocking, 40% blcoking and no blocking have 9.4±0.8%, 7.9±0.7% and 11.6±1.0 respectively and PE film group has 10.6±0.7%. Relative humidity also showed the same trend as temperature. The average monthly amount of light and maximum light intensity were lower in 30% and 40% light blocking groups of LBF and BDF and a little higher in no light blocking group compared to PE film group. The degree of high temperature damage was 1 in no LBF of BDF, but no LBF of LBF was so bad like 3. However, there was no high temperature damage in the test groups of blocking films or BDF with 30% and 40% light blocked light screens. Regarding root weight, all secondly treated groups of LBF group and BDF group were lighter compared to 4.36g of PE film group and especially, prism sheetof no light blocking group has 2.5g and BDF of of no light blocking group has 3.21g. 30 % and 40% light blocking groups of LBF group and BDF group were light with 3.20~4.07g. Conclusion : Regarding the analysis result on micro-climate in facility with different cover materials for 2 years old ginseng in ginseng rain cover farming of Gyeonggi Province, the covering method suitable for high temperature damage mitigation in ginseng rain cover farming was that 1st covering was done by PE film+75% black light blocking net and then 75% black light blocking net is additionally covered at a time when outside temperatures reaches 30℃.

Background : The Ginseng has been one of the crops that represents Korea, and the main export items in the 1960s, Now it occupies the first exports of agricultural products. The Eco-friendly cultivation of Ginseng was difficult for various reasons. But the cultivation in Green House can be suppressed disease occurrence, when utilizing an environmentally friendly materials has the advantage that can dramatically increase the income by possible organic production. For other crops, it made up a lot of studies on water management, But the studies on water management of ginseng is somewhat lacking. Therefore, this study was conducted to establish appropriate soil- moisture-management-systems within the house of ginseng cultivation. Methods and Results : The type of house is a double steel structure. The first layer was PE film, the second layer was the blue shading net and 75% black shading net. The Soil texture was silt loam and the Soil Series was YEONGOK Series. Install the house on the adjacent paddy soil and upland soil, and planting on April 30, 2011 which was cultivated by the straw mulching. The irrigation start point was the 40, 30, 20kpa, and the end point was treated with 15, 10kpa. Soil moisture measurements were determined by tension meter(Jet Fill) depth 20cm in soil. Growth and Yield Survey was conducted in accordance with the Rural Development Administration (RDA) standard research. Statistical analysis of the results were analyzed using the Microsoft's Excel 2003. Conclusion : In a survey due to differences in soil traits and Irrigation point, from 2 years to 4years of root weight and yield of Ginseng were heavier in the upland, especially 30kpa irrigation point treatment was heaviest than the other treatments. From 5year to 6 Years of ginseng has showed heavier in paddy soil, the most treatment was 30kpa- 15kpa irrigation point. This trend was the same in upland soil. Soil moisture management in the case of silt loam, the humid-state-control was more advantageous than dry-state control in upland and paddy soil.

인삼의 시설생산을 위하여 배지 조성 및 차광 정도를 달리한 환경조건 하에서의 생육특성과 생리활성 변화를 검토하고자 온실 및 실내시험을 수행하였다. 적정한 배지 조합은 차광 정도에 따라 달랐는데 무차광에서는 coco peat 단독, 50% 차광에서는 coco peat와 perlite를 50:50으로 혼합하였을 때, 70% 차광에서는 perlite 단독배지에서 유의적으로 높은 생육을 보였다(P〈0.05). 차광은 엽면적, 엽록소 함량, 근장, 지상부 및 지하부 생체중을 유의적으로 감소시켰다. 총 페놀 함량은 지상부(20.7~23.8 mg·kg-1)보다는 지하부(25.8~28.4 mg·kg-1)에서, 무차광(20.7~25.8 mg·kg-1)보다는 차광(23.7~28.4 mg·kg-1)에서 높게 나타났다. 총 플라보노이드 함량은 지하부(6.9~7.0 mg·kg-1)보다는 지상부에서(17.4~26.8 mg·kg-1), 무차광보다는 차광에서 높게 검출되었다. 반면, DPPH 라디컬 소거능 측정을 통한 항산화성은 추출물 농도가 증가할수록 높은 활성을 보였고, 지하부(24.9~28.7%)보다는 지상부에서(31.1~36.5%), 차광보다는 무차광에서 다소 높은 활성을 보였다. 결론적으로 차광은 비닐하우스 조건하에서 재배된 인삼의 생육과 생리활성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.