nano cubes with high catalase activity were synthesized by reduction of freshly prepared Cu in distilled water at and their catalase activities of were studied. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation showed that most of these nanocubes were uniform in size, with the average edge length of 30 nm. Selected area electron diffraction of TEM revealed that the nanocube consisted of single crystalline , but it changed to CuO phase. The catalase activity depends on the amount of both cuprite phase and surface area.

Aeration with low energy micro-bubble generation and UV/H2O2 processes was introduced to verify the possibility of oxidation treatment for acid mine drainage. During 10 hours of aeration with micro-bubbles, Fe and As concentrations were decreased to 18.1 and 61.8%, respectively, while Cu, Cd, Al were kept at influent concentrations. Other heavy metals such as Mn, Cr, Pb, Zn, and Ni concentrations fluctuated due to the repetition of oxidation and release. Twenty days of aeration indicated the oxidation possibility for Cu, Cd, and Al. With the employment of UV/H2O2 processes, more than 77% of Cu and Fe removed, whereas slightly more than 30% of Cd and Al removed.

Background : Reactive oxygen species (ROS), whether produced endogenously as a consequence of normal cell functions or derived from external sources, pose a constant threat to cells living in an aerobic environment as they can result in severe damage to DNA, protein, and lipids. The effects of Valeriana fauriei extract and fractions on hydrogen peroxide-induced neuronal cell damage are studied. Methods and Results : Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathological process of neurodegenerative diseases. Valeriana fauriei extract (VFE) and EA fractions (VFEA) was investigated total phenolic contents using method. VFE of total phenolic contents had 2.54 ± 0.01 mg/g, also, VFEA had a 18.78 ± 0.03 mg/g. High phenolic content of the VFEA is expected to better the inhibition of oxidative stress. VFE and VFEA were experimented to inhibit ROS induced 200 μM 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1). VFE of inhibit SIN-1 induced-ROS dose dependently and signficantly. In addition, VFEA inhibition was also dose dependant and significant. Moreover, Treatment of SH-SY5Y and SK-N-SH cells with VFEA significantly reduced hydrogen peroxide-induced generation of intercellular ROS. Conclusion : From the above results, we may suggest that VFEA might have useful as a material for functional food and pharmaceutics for the pathological process of neurodegenerative diseases.

This study aimed to describe the mechanism and reaction characteristics of the adhered mortar removal of recycled aggregate (RA) using microwave irradiation (700 W) and a mixed solution of HCl and H2O2. The HOCl concentration increased to 29.7 M at 35oC and 40 min of reaction time without RA in the mixed solution, which shows that HCl reacts with H2O2 to form HOCl and water. However, after nitrogen purging, the HOCl concentration decreased to 2.71 M in 20 min, which proves indirectly that HOCl reacts with HCl to form Cl2 and water. The HOCl concentration decreased from 29.7 M to 1.88 M at 35oC in 40 min with RA in the mixed solution, and the Ca2+ concentration increased to 9,750 mg/L, which demonstrates indirectly that mortar mainly composed of Ca(OH)2 reacts with Cl2 to form Ca(OCl)2 and CaCl2. The reaction rate (k) with microwave heating was about 2.3 times faster than that with conventional heating, and k at a reaction temperature of 50oC was about 1.3 times faster than that at 35oC. The treated RA was improved in density, water absorption, abrasion loss, and absolute volume.

This study aimed to determine adhered mortar content of recycled aggregate (RA) using microwave irradiation (700W)and mixed solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The optimum condition was first to soakRA in tap water for 30 min and then RA was soaked in mixed solution of 30% HCl and 15% H2O2 (HCl:H2O2=1:2) for 70-90min after 15-min microwave irradiation. The mortar of RA in the condition was completely removed within2.3 hrs. Reaction rate (k) with the condition was −0.6408hr−1, which was about 190 times faster than that with HCl only(k=−0.0034hr−1).

Development and performance evaluation of the hydrogen generator by autothermal reforming process for emergency PEM fuel cell using methanol from process waste were carried out. Supply of gaseous hydrogen has been a technical barrier for its wide application. As a result, conventional reformer has either a separate heat source such as a catalytic combustor or a parallel process in the same reactor to generate heat. The later device is called ATR (Autothermal reforming). Typical product gas of ATR still contains a large amount of carbon monoxide that poisons electro-catalyst of the MEA. In the present study, we used the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide as a parallel exothermic reaction in the same reactor as the reformer. The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide releases water vapor and gaseous oxygen with enormous heat. The heat sustains the reforming reaction and the oxygen is used to recombine the carbon monoxide by oxidation. By parametric study, at the condition of 200oC and the rate of methanol to 40% of hydrogen peroxide is 4 to 1, the Carbon monoxide contents are reduced by less than 800 ppm. Using the present concept we could reduce the concentration of carbon monoxide in the product gas of the reformer by more than 80%. At that carbon monoxide contents, we can be possible to load the methanol-hydrogen peroxide ATR system without any devices.

In this study, the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) pre-treatment for sewage sludge prior to anaerobic digestion wasassessed using a batch test with an objective to decrease nitrogen, dissolved sulfide and siloxane in sewage sludge. Atotal of 6 sets of experiments (Blank, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100g H2O2/kg wet sludge) were carried out, each with duplicates.To assess the effect of different dosages of H2O2 on anaerobic digestion, the treated sewage sludge was used for biochemical methane potential (BMP) test and SCODcr concentration. Due to the H2O2 pre-treatment, solubilization of SCODcr in pretreated sludge increased by 89% compared to raw sewage sludge, whereas T-N and NH3-N concentrationdecreased. Cumulative methane yields were increased for all pretreated samples due to increased sludge solubilizationthrough H2O2 pre-treatment. In addition, dissolved siloxane concnetrations were decreased for all pretreated samples. Thus,a reduction in dissolved siloxane concenrtation can decrease the siloxane generation potential of sludge during anaerobicdigestion. However, dissolved sulfide concentration remained same. Although H2O2 dosage did not show any furtherimpact on dissolved sulfide, they have significantly decreased T-N, NH3-N and dissolve siloxane concentrations beforeanaerobic digestion.

활성산소의 하나인 과산화수소(hydrogen peroxide, H2O2)에 대한 세포독성과 이에 대한 연꽃수술(Nelumbo nucifera stamen, NNS)추출물의 항산화효과 및 멜라닌화에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 세포부착율 (cell adhesion activity, CAA)을 비롯한 티로시나제활성저해능 및 총멜라닌합성량을 분석하였다. 본 실험 결과 hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)는 배양 인체피부흑색종세포 (SK-MEL-3)의 CAA를 유의하게 감소시킴으로서 세포독성효과를 나타냈다. 이에 대하여 NNS추출물은 H2O2의 산화적 손상에 의하여 감소된 CAA를 유의하게 증가시킴으로서 항산화효과를 나타냈다. 한편, H2O2에 대한 NNS추출물의 멜라닌화에 대한 영향에 있어서 NNS추출물은 H2O2에 의하여 활성화된 티로시나제활성과 총멜라닌합성량을 감소시킴으로서 멜라닌화에 대하여 억제효과를 나타냈다. 이상의 결과로 부터 H2O2는 배양 인체피부흑색종세포에 고독성을 나타냈으며 NNS와 같은 식물추출물은 H2O2와 같은 활성산소에 의한 산화적 손상 및 멜라닌화를 방어하는데 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

Vitis amurensis (VA; Vitaceae) has long been used in oriental herbal medicine. It has been reported that roots and seeds of VA have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. In the present study, the protective effect of ethanol extract from stems and leaves of VA on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (100 μm)-induced neuronal cell damage was examined in primary cultured rat cortical neurons. VA (10-100 μg/ml) concentration-dependently inhibited H2O2-induced apoptotic neuronal cell death measured by 3-[4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and Hoechst 33342 staining. VA inhibited H2O2-induced elevation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which were measured by fluorescent dyes. Pretreatment of VA also prevented glutamate release into medium induced by 100 μm H2O2, which was measured by HPLC. These results suggest that VA showed a neuroprotective effect on H2O2-induced neuronal cell death by interfering with H2O2-induced elevation of [Ca2+]i, glutamate release, and ROS generation. This has a significant meaning of finding a new pharmacological activity of stems and leaves of VA in the CNS.

Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis는 녹조류인 매생이에서 분리되는 총 생균주 중에서 90%를 차지하고 있다. Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis에 대한 항미생물 활성을 50 ppm 수준에서 과산화수소와 NaOCl의 각각의 처리가 전해수 (50 ppm) 보다 유의적 수준에서 높았다. 매생이를 50 ppm의 과산화수소, NaOCl 그리고 전해수로 처리한 후 에서 30일간 일반포장 또는 진공포장에 의한

Dried leaves from Cedrela sinensis A. Juss. (CS), have been observed to possess various pharmacological activity and contain various antioxidant constituents. The protective effect of ethanol extract of CS on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced neurotoxicity was examined using primary cultured rat cortical neurons in the present study. Exposure of cultured neurons to 100 μM H2O2 caused a significant neuronal death as assessed by a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and Hoechst 33342 staining. The addition of CS, over a concentration range of 10 to 50μg/ml, concentration-dependently prevented the H2O2-induced neuronal apoptotic death. CS (50μg/ml) significantly inhibited H2O2-induced elevation of the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c), which was measured by a fluorescent dye, Fluo-4 AM. CS (30 and 50μg/ml) inhibited glutamate release and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by 100μM H2O2. These results suggest that CS may mitigate the H2O2-induced neurotoxiciy by interfering with the increase of [Ca2+]c, and then inhibiting glutamate release and generation of ROS in cultured neurons.