The small break loss-of-coolant accidents for the HANARO fuel test loop have been predicted by MARS code. Conservative method was used for the prediction of the loss-of-coolant accidents. The maximum peak cladding temperature was calculated as 1286K, which was lower than the design limit temperature (1477K) of nuclear fuels for the HANARO fuel test loop. The maximum peak cladding temperature occurred for the cold leg break in the HANARO pool. The hydrogen generation and oxidation of the fuel cladding were also negligible. Consequently, it is ensured that the emergency cooling water system for the HANARO fuel test loop is appropriate for the small break loss-of-coolant accidents.

In the period of nationalism, W. B. Yeats's works address the loss of nation and resolute fights for independence and remembrance of the fighters killed in the struggles. Freudian ideas of mourning and melancholy and moral masochism and Jacques Rancière's ideas of colonial 'policy' or 'police order' and postcolonial 'politics' can provide effective tools to understand characteristics of the post-colonial works by Yeats. By putting side by side Freud and Rancière, we can produce a combination of mourning-colonial police-order vs. melancholy-post-colonial politics. The colonial police-order induces the colonized Ego to forget the loss of nation and move on to other objects, for example, money, through mourning. Melancholic post-colonial fighters derail the workings of mourning espoused by the colonial policy or police order. Melancholy and moral masochism of the colonized Ego are the driving forces of post-colonial struggles. Melancholy of the colonized Ego and sadism of the Super-Egoic demand of independence and moral masochism of the colonized Ego can explicate the bloody and 'erotic' relationships between the colonized Ego and the womanized ideal of nation, which have been interpreted as 'fatal mistress,' 'eroticized politics' and 'vampirism' by many Yeats critics. But melancholy and moral masochism drove the colonized Ego to fall into a fatal love relation with the female symbol of nation demanding unconditional sacrifice of the colonized Ego, which renders 'eroticized politics' and 'vampirism' noticeable.

Genomic imprinting is defined as parent-of-origin expression of specific genes and may play an important role in embryonal development of mammals. Loss of imprinting(LOI), biallelic expression of the imprinted genes, have been observed in a variety of human tumors and syndromes. H19, a paternally imprinted gene, is transcribed as an untranslated RNA that serves as a riboregulator. LOI of H19 is observed in a variety of human malignancies. In this study, LOI of H19 was examined in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas(HNSCCs). Four(28.6%) of the 14 HNSCCs and 8(28.6%) of the 28 inflammatory oral lesions were informative for imprinting analysis of H19. H19 was imprinted in all inflammatory oral lesions, however, 2(50%) of the 4 informative HNSCCs manifested LOI. These data suggest that LOI of the H19 may play a role in the oncogenesis of HNSCC.

The main objective of this paper is to search whether containment vessel's best pressure may increase until how long when loss of coolant accident (LOCA) happened in containment vessel of Ulchin nuclear power plant 1 and 2. Another goal of this research is to find the influential factors that increase containment vessel pressure. Model for this research is Ulchin nuclear power plant 1 with 10 cycles. Data were collected by simulator of Ulchin nuclear power plant 1 and design of experiment was used for data analysis. For the experiment, seven factors that are going to influence in containment vessel pressure were chosen. It was found that fatter which influences in early rise of containment vessel pressure after LOCA is only explosion size. Also, containment vessel's best pressure (3.74 bar.a) was much lower than limit (4.86 bar.a) of FSAR (Final Safety Analysis Report).

This study was carried out to select the best cryoprotectant and to establish optimal concentration of the cryoprotectant in ultrarapid freezing of mouse 4-cell embryos and morulae, respectively. We investigated survival of ultrarapid frozen embryos according to various cryoprotectants such as glycerol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Suvival of the embryos frozen at different concentrations (3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 M) of indivisual cryoprotectant was also tested. Preimplantation developmental rate (96.3%, 83/86) of 4-cell mouse embryos treated with 4.0 M ethylene glycol after ultrarapid freezing and thawing was higher than those of other cryoprotectants (glycerol, propylene glycol and DMSO). In the ultrarapid freezing of mouse morulae, the highest developmental rate (98.8%, 89 /90) of the embryos to blastocysts was shown in the group of 5.0 M glycerol. Thus, these results demonstrate that 4.0 M ethylene glycol and 5.0 M glycerol are optimal for ultrarapid freezing of 4-cell mouse embryos and morulae, respectively.

These experiments were carried out to determine the effect of pregnancy in bisected embryo. The embryos of ICR mouse were microsurgically bisected at morula and blastocyst stage using microsurgical blade attached a micromanipulator. These bisected embryos without zona pellucida were cultured up to blastocyst stage and cell count and diameter of stained blastomere, and transferred pseudopregnant mice. And the development of these bisected embryos was compared with the results of production of young of the corresponding intact embryos or cell stage. When the bisected mouse embryos were cultured in vitro for 20 to 24 hours in morula stage(77.2%) or 3 to 6 hours in blastocyst stage(84.1%), them were developed to the expanded blastocyst stage. There were no significant(P<0.05) differences in the development rate of bisected embryos between in morula and blastocyst stages. The embryo size of blastocyst developed in vitro from bisected embryo was small(P<0.05)than intact embryo. However, the number of blastomeres with bisected embryo (24.7+1.3and 21.5+1.2 respectively) were significantly(P<0.05) reduced, compared with that of intacted embryos(36.3+1.1 and 41.4+1.2 respectively). When compared with the result of pregnancy rate(63.6%) after surgical transfer of bisected morulae, a similar result(65.4%) was obtained with bisected blastocyst stage(P< 0.05). However, production of youngs (38.8%) after transfer of bisected morula, a similar result (38.1%) was obtained with bisected blastocyst stage (P<0.05).

This study was carried out to investigate the survival rates of late mouse molulae frozen in the state of vitrification and then thawed after equilibrating them separately in EFS 40, GFS 40 and DFS 40 at 1. The results obtained are as follows : 1. Freezing in the state of vitrification and thawing late mouse molulae after equilibrating them at l0 in EFS 40 for 30 seconds, one minute and two minutes, we obtained survival rates of 76.7%, 96.7% and 100%, respectively. 2. Freezing and thawing them after equilibrating at 1 in GFS 40 for 30 seconds, one minute and two minutes, we obtained survival rates of 60%, 96.7% and 10%, respectively. These results are as similar as in the case of EFS 40. 3. Freezing and thawing them after equilibrating at l in DFS 40 for 30 seconds and one minute, we obtained survival rates of 62.1% and 0%, respectively. These results represent lower survival rates than those obtained with EFS 40 and GFS 40. In conclusion, even equilibrating late mouse molulae in EFS 40 and GFS 40 at 1 for more than one minute gives a survival rate of more than 97%, while equilibrating them in DFS 40 at 1 for more than one minute results in a 0% survival rate, which means that DFS 40 has a strong toxicity.

Acornic powder was extracted with methanol and ethylacetate to obtain a crude acornic compounds. And they were examined concerning their antioxidant activities for linoleic acid. The results were as follows: 1. Hydrogen donating activity for DPPH was higher in 100ppm acornic compound than 100ppm BHT and 100ppm α-tocopherol. 2. When the 100ppm acornic compound was added to linoleic acid, which was heated at 50℃ for 48 hours, antioxidant activities by POV and TBA was higher than that of 100ppm α-tocopherol, but the effect was almost the same as the 100ppm BHT. 3. Antioxiodant activity of acornic compound showed synergistic effect along with malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, alanine, arginine, histidine, lysine-HCl, galactose, maltose, glucose and sucrose. 4. Acornic compound inhibited peroxidation of linoleic acid induced by heavy metals.

The extracts of Quercisemen(Quereus acutissima Carruthers seed) powder was obtained by the extraction with distilled water, water : acetonet(1:1, v/v), ethanol and ethyl ether, respectively. As a result this experiment, the antioxidative activity of each solvent extracts on linoleic acid were examined as follows: 1. Each fraction extracted by the acetone : water(1:1, v/v), water and ethanol respectively showed high antioxidative activity. 2. A fraction of the tannin extracted from the solvent, acetone, water(1:1, v/v) showed even more antioxidative activity than that of the α-tocopherol or BHT. 3. Acceleration of peroxide reaction by Fe++ and Cu++ on the linoleic acid was strongly inhibited by adding the tannin, 4. Organic acid, such as malic acid, citiric acid and tartaric acid with the tannin were showed the synergistic effect fo the antioxidation reaction.

가축의 일란성 쌍태를 생산하기 위한 기술 개발을 확립하고자 상실배 및 포배기에 있는 BALB/c 계통의 생쥐 수정란을 micromanipulator로 분할 수정란을 작출하고 이를 체외배양을 실시하여 발달성적을 조사하였으며, 외과적 및 비외과적 이식을 실시하여 착상율 및 산자생산 성적을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 상실배 및 포기배에 있는 총 811개의 정상적인 수정란을 분할하여 이중에서 666(82.1%)개가 분할시의 물리적인 손상이 없이 분할되었

The effects of cryoprotectants (glycerol, DMSO and ethylene glycol) and the concentrations (0, 0, 25, 0.5and 1.0 M) of sucrose in the diluent on the is vitro survival of mouse morulae froaen rapidly in liquid nitrogenvapour were examined. When the embryos were equilibrated in 1.5 M cryoprotectants +0.25 M sucrose in one-step or in 3.0 M cryoprotectants +0.25 sucrose in two-step and diluted with 0, 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 M sucrose solution after thawing, high survival rates were obtained in ethylene glycol (48.0% to 88.2 %) or in glycerol (35.0 % to 77.8 %). These results show that 1.5 M ethylene glycol is a highly efficient cryoprotective agent for the rapid freezing of mouse morula embryos and 0.5 M sucrose was optimal concentration in the diluent after thawing.

Background : Scopolamine induces cholinergic dysfunction and oxidative stress, and the impairment of memory function. Therefore, oxidative stress and cholinergic dysfunction are important role of the brain pathology of amnesia. In this study, we investigated the impact of Safflower seed against oxidative stress and cholinergic dysfunction on scopolamine-induced amnesic mice. Methods and Results : Mice were orally pretreated with safflower seed (100 ㎎/㎏ body weight) or vehicle for 7 days, and scopolamine (1 ㎎/㎏ body weight) was injected intraperitoneally, 30 min before the behavior tests such as T-maze and novel objective recognition test on first day. To evaluate learning and memory function, the Morris water maze task was performed for 5 days, consecutively. The results showed that spatial perceptive ability and novel object recognition was significantly increased by preadministration of safflower seed compared with scopolamin-induced control mice in the behavior tests. Consistently, immuno blot revealed the elevated expression of superoxide dismutase 1 in the safflower seed pretreated mice, compared to the control mice. Moreover, protein expression of acetylcholinesterase was decreased in safflower seed pre-treated group. Conclusion : Subsequently, our results suggests that the Safflower seed extract improved memory impairment through inhibition of cholinergic dysfunction and oxidative stress.