국내 가전제품 시장은 매우 크게 형성되어 있고, 소비자의 문화수준 향상 및 신제품 교체주기의 단축에 따라 제품성능의 향상 또한 급격히 발전하고 있는 추세이며, 이러한 동향에 따라 폐 가전제품의 발생량 또한 증가하고 있다. 발생된 폐 가전제품은 생산자의 효율적인 회수사업을 통하여 권역별 리사이클링센터로 반입되어 품목별로 친환경적인 공정을 통하여 적정하게 재활용 되고 있다. 그러나 주로 냉장고의 단열재로 사용되는 폴리우레탄 폼의 경우, 과거부터 다양한 재활용 기술개발에 주력하고 있으나, 환경성, 경제성, 지속성 등을 이유로 상용화 되지 못하고 있으며, 현재에는 거의 모든 재활용센터에서 위탁 소각되고 있는 실정이다. 냉장고에서 사용되는 폴리우레탄 폼은 경질 폴리우레탄 폼으로, 양문형 냉장고 기준으로 1대당 약 11~15%를 포함하고 있어 그 발생량이 매우 많은 것으로 조사되었다. 이에 따라 본 연구소에서는 폐 우레탄의 열에너지 회수를 위하여 폐 우레탄의 연료화를 위한 성형설비를 개발 중에 있으며, 성형실험 시 생산된 생산연료에 대하여 법적기준에 따른 분석 및 평가를 실시한 결과, 생산된 고형연료는 법적기준에 만족하는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 현재 최적 생산조건 도출 및 상용화를 위한 생산성 확보에 주력하고 있다. 한편, 본 연구에서는 폐 우레탄 고형연료의 환경성 분석 및 수요처확보를 위하여 lab. scale의 연소반응기를 이용하여 연소특성 분석을 실시하였다. 연소실험은 1,000℃에서 공기비 1.5, 1.8 조건에서 실시하였고, 수요처의 고형연료 투입 특성을 고려하여 우레탄 고형연료 100%, 우레탄고형연료 30% : 일반 SRF 70%, 우레탄고형연료 50% : 일반 SRF 50% 비율로 혼합하여 세가지 투입조건을 설정하여 실시하였다. 시료의 투입은 5g/min으로 진행하였으며, 연소 시 발생하는 가스 중 O2, CO2, CO 등 일부 발생가스는 실시간 분석장치를 이용하여 측정하였고, HCN, NH3 등의 일부 발생가스는 대기오염공정시험방법에 의거하여 흡수액을 이용하여 측정을 실시하였다.

현대 사회의 대량 소비문화와 신제품 출시의 기간의 간격 폭이 작아지면서 폐 가전제품의 발생이 지속적으로 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 현재 우리나라에서 발생하는 폐 냉장고에서는 1대당 약 10%의 폐 우레탄이 포함되어 있고, 2007년부터 최근까지 제도권 내에서의 폐 냉장고 수거현황을 조사한 결과 증가 추세인 것으로 나타났으며, 이에 따라 폐 우레탄의 발생률 또한 지속적으로 증가하고 있는 것으로 추정된다. 냉장고에서 발생하는 우레탄은 타 생활폐기물보다 비교적 발열량이 높고, 염소, 황 등의 유해물질 함유량이 적어 연료로써의 가치가 높은 것으로 알려져 있다. 또한, 현재 우레탄의 재활용 가능 기술로는 재생폴리올 생산, 층간 흡음재 적용 기술 등이 있으나 완전한 상용화 기술은 개발되지 않은 실정이며, 자체 선행연구로기술성, 연속성, 경제성, 사업성, 환경성 등의 지표기준을 설정하여 전문가 설문조사를 실시한 결과 고형연료화 기술이 가장 타당한 것으로 분석되었다. 고형연료 제조기술은 국내외에서 매우 활성화 되어 사용되는 기술이나, 국내에서는 우레탄은 그 자체가 부피가 매우 크고 밀도가 낮기 때문에 고형연료화 되어 RPF(Refuse Plastic Fuel)로써 사용된 사례는 전무한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 폴리우레탄의 적정 연소 조건을 확인하고, 이 때 발생되는 배가스를 분석하여 고형연료로의 사용가능성에 대하여 평가하였다.

In this study, the chemical resistance of polyurea resin waterproofing and anti-corrosion materials that is applied to the social infrastructure was analyzed. Mostly, there are three the main materials which is polyurea resin waterproofing and anti-corrosion, polyurea resin waterproofing and anti-corrosion, polyurethan-polyurea waterproofing and anti-corrosion, and polyurethane waterproofing and anti-corrosion were analyzed as the specimen. As a result of chemically resistant characteristic to three kinds of polyure type materials, it’s polyurethane, polyurea-urethane, and polyurea were arranged in the order. This order is generally predictable order that is expected by any user, but it was settled first by the quantitative evidence of chemical evaluation in this time. And, the result in this study will be utilizing as a basic data for establishing the quality standards which are able to judge the chemically resistant characteristic of polyurea resin waterproofing and anti-corrosion materials.

In order to utilize waste wood chip for pavement, a polyurethane resin that is both eco-friendly and suitable for bindingwood chip was developed as the binder, and workability was examined through laboratory experiment for characteristicsof waste wood chip mixture using the polyurethane resin and through test pavement on the field. The new resin was aVOC reduction type free from plasticizer and solvent classified as endocrine-disrupting chemicals and environmentalhazardous substances, and NCO equivalents were set at 8, 9, 10 and 11% by modifying the polyisocyanate-polyol ratio.Laboratory experiment showed that polyurethane resin with NCO equivalent of 9% and 10% had excellent characteristicsas binder for waste wood chip. In the field experiment applying waste wood chip and polyurethane resin in the massratio of 1:0.8, tensile strength of the pavement system was about 30% higher than that using polyurethane resin currentlybeing sold, and permeability coefficient and elasticity thereof were the same as that using the resin currently being sold.Also, examination of compaction methods for waste wood chip pavement system showed that non-heating hand rollerand compactor had the problem of the “waste wood chip - resin mixture” sticking to the roller during the compaction but that heating hand roller had excellent workability and could achieve good planation surface relatively easily.

Existing polyurethane occurred the environmental issues with the volatile organic solvent mixing tar. This study evaluates the basic properties of a rapid hardening polyurethane, available with spray construction, modified with polyamine mixing carbon black. As a result, stable basic property is measured even surpassed KS.

To improve the mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite (HA)/waterborne polyurethane (WBPU) composites, the hydroxyl group of HA was modified by urethane reactions: the hydroxyl groups of HA were reacted with aliphatic or cyclic diisocyanate, and then the modified HAs were extended by adding polyol and/or ε-caprolactone. Composites were prepared by the prepolymer process method: the modified HA was directly pured into the urethane reaction of isocyanate and polyol. The properties of modified HA/WBPU composites were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, tensile strength, and water resistance. The results showed that the reactivity of aliphatic diisocyanate to the hydroxy group of HA was faster than that of cyclic one. Comparing to those of pure HA/WBPU composite films, the thermal stability, water resistance, and mechanical properties of the modified composite films increased with a degree of modification of HA.

Waterborne polyurethane dispersions (WPUD) were prepared by poly(ethylene glycol) adipate as the polyester type, α,ω-hydroxyalkyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS-diol) as the polysiloxane type, hexamethylene diisocyanate, and isophorone diisocyanate, dimethylol propionic acid. The effects of PDMS-diol contents on the particle size, thermal and surface properties of WPUD were investigated. The structures of the synthesized WPUD were confirmed using by FT-IR. The surface, thermal and mechanical properties were investigated by measuring the contact angles, DSC, TGA and UTM. As PDMS-diol contents increased, the particle size, the contact angle, and the elongation was increased, while the tensile strength was decreased. Also the thermal stabilities of the synthesised WPUD were increased as PDMS-diol contents increased.

The treatment of styrene vapor was carried out using the biofilter packed with loess/polyurethane composite during continuous operation of 74 days. The microorganisms were adapted within 2-3 days under the experimental conditions of inlet concentration and empty bed contact time (EBCT). At 200 sec of EBCT, the removal efficiency of styrene was 100% with 200 ppmv of inlet concentration, while 92% with 400 ppmv of inlet concentration. The biofilter showed the stable removal efficiencies of over 74 % under the EBCT range from 300 to 75 sec at the 150 ppmv of inlet styrene concentration. The maximum capacity of styrene removal for the biofilter packed with loess/polyurethane was 29 g/m3/hr. During continuous operation of 74 days, pH of the drain water changed slightly and the pressure drop through the biofilter column was below 45 mmH2O/m.

A biofiltration system using activated carbon/polyurethane composite as solid support inoculated with Bacillus sp. was developed for treating a gaseous stream containing high concentrations of H2S. The effects of operating condition such as the influent H2S concentration and the empty bed contact time (EBCT) on the removal efficiency of H2S were investigated. The biofilter showed the stable removal efficiencies of over 99 % under the EBCT range from 15 to 60 sec at the 300 ppmv of H2S inlet concentration. When the inlet concentration of H2S was increased, the removal efficiencies decreased, reaching 95 and 74%, at EBCTs of 10 and 7.5 sec, respectively. The maximum elimination capacity in the biofilter packed with activated carbon/polyurethane composite media was 157 g/m3/hr.