콩은 식물성 단백질 및 지방의 주요 공급원이고 콩 종실에는 기능성 성분이 많이 함유되어져 있어 소비 가 점차 증가하고 있지만 Lipoxygenase, Kunitz Trypsin inhibitor, 7S α′-subunit 단백질과 같은 성 분들이 존재하는데 이는 품질과 영양가치를 떨어뜨리고 섭취시 알러지를 일으키기도 한다. 콩에서 유전적 으로 이러한 성분이 결핍되어져 있는 유전자형의 선발은 품질이 우수한 콩 육종의 기초단계이다. “개척2 호”와 PI506876의 교배로부터 434개의 F2 종자를 얻어 F2 종자의 일부를 사용하여 SDS-PAGE로 각각 의 종자를 분석한 결과 Lipoxygenase와 Kunitz Trypsin inhibitor 및 7S의 α′-subunit 단백질이 모두 결핍되어져 있는 lx1lx1lx2lx2lx3lx3titicgy1cgy1 유전자형을 가진 종자를 선발하여 F2 식물체로 길러 성 숙 후 F3 종자를 수확하였다. F3 종자로부터 Lipoxygenase, Kunitz Trypsin inhibitor, 7S α′-subunit 단백질이 모두 결핍되어져 있음을 재확인하였으며 선발된 종자는 고품질 콩 품종 육성에 유용하게 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

인간과 가축의 영양을 위한 식물성 단백질의 주요 공급원은 콩이며 콩 단백질은 영양 및 기능성면에서 우수하여 소비가 점차 증가하고 있다. 그러나 콩 단백질에는 알러지를 일으키고 영양가치를 떨어뜨리는 성분도 포함되어져 있다. 7S 및 11S 글로블린은 콩 저장단백질의 대부분을 차지하며 7S는 영양가치가 떨어지고 7S의 함량을 줄어든 콩 계통 육성에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 7S 성분중의 하나인 α′-subunit의 유전양상을 파악하기 위하여 진품콩2호와 PI506876의 교배로부터 98개의 F2 종자가 얻어졌다. SDS-PAGE로 각각의 종자를 분석한 결과 α′-subunit을 가진 종자가 70개였고 결핍된 종자가 28개였다. 이러한 유전양상은 단인자 유전원칙 (χ2 = 0.667, P=0.414)과 일치하여 콩 종자에서 7S의 α′-subunit 단백질은 한 개의 유전자에 의해서 좌우되었다. 이 결과는 7S 단백질 함량이 줄어든 콩 계통 선발에 유용하게 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] protein is excellent nutritional factors and is widely used for human and animal feed in the world. Glycinin(11S globulin) and ß-conglycinin(7S globulin) account for storage protein from 70% to 80% in soybean seed. ß-conglycinin is composed of α’, α and ß subunits, encoded by the genes Cgy1, Cgy2, and Cgy3, respectively. β-conglycinin protein exhibits poor nutritional and food processing properties. Lipoxygenase is responsible for the beany flavor and is responsible for the inferior nutritional quality of unheated or incompletely heated soybean meal. The objective of this research was to select F2 seeds with lipoxygenase-free and low content of ß-conglycinin for breeding of high quality soybean cultivar. A total of 582 F2 seeds were obtained from the cross of 10F1(lipoxygenase-free, normal content of 7S protein) and T311(lipoxygenase-present, low content of 7S protein). Lipoxygenase and 7S proteins in mature seeds were detected by SDS-PAGE. The segregation ratio of 3 : 1 for Shr locus (418 Shr_ : 164 shrshr) were observed. This result shows that the Shr locus is controlled by a single gene. Among 164 shriveled seeds, 6 F2 seeds with lipoxygenase-free, α’ subunit-free, and low content of α and ß subunit were selected. Among 418 normal seeds, 6 F2 seeds with lipoxygenase-free, α’ subunit-free, and low content of α and ß subunit were selected. These results will be used in breeding program for improving high quality soybean cultivar.

콩 가공적성 향상을 위한 Lipoxygenase 및 7S Globulin이 결실된 계통을 육성하기 위하여 국내의 장려품종을 모본으로, 7S Globulin의 α‘,α-subunit이 결실된 CS735를 부본으로 하여2006년에 CBC2601(경상대☓CS735), CBC2602(진품콩2호☓CS735), CBC2603(진율콩☓CS735), CBC2604(청자콩3호☓CS735) 4조합을 인공교배하여 세대를 진전시켰다. 2011년 수확된 F6세대 4조합 96계통의 477개체에 대하여 개체당 1립씩 총 477립을 SDS-PAGE를 실시하여 Lipoxygenase 및 7S Globulin의 α‘,α-subunit이 결실된 계통을 선발하였다. 교배조합 CBC2601과 CBC2602에서는 Lipoxygenase와 α‘,α-subunit이 결실 또는 동시결실 계통들이 선발되었으며 교배조합 CBC2603, CBC2604에서는 유색콩 자원의 α‘,α-subunit 이 각각 결실되거나 동시결실 계통을 선발하였다. 2011년 동계에 선발된 F6 세대 4조합 328 계통이 현재 충북대학교 실습포장에서 F7 계통으로 육성중에 있다.

Lipoxygenase 및 7S 단백질이 결실된 가공적성이 높은 콩 품종을 육성하기 위하여 국내의 장려품종을 모본으로, 7S의 α와 αʹ-subunit이 없는 CS735을 부본으로 하여 2006년도에 CBC2601(경상대콩 × CS735), CBC2602(진품콩 2호 × CS735), CBC2603(진율콩 × CS735) 및 CBC2604(청자콩3호 × CS735)의 4조합을 인공교배하여 세대를 진전시켰다. 2009년 수확된 F4세대 4조합438계통의 3280개체에 대하여 개체당 3립씩 총 9840립을 SDSPAGE를 실시하여 Lipoxygenase 및 7S 단백질의 결실계통을 선발하였다. 교배조합 CBC2601과 CBC2602의 F4계통에서는 LOX 및 7S의 αʹ,α-subunit 결실 또는 동시결실 계통들이 선발되었으며, 일부 계통들에서는 LOX, 7S의 αʹ,α-subunit 및 β-subunit가 동시에 결실된 계통이 선발되었다. 교배조합 CBC2603과 CBC2604의 F4계통 에서는 αʹ-subunit 및 α-subunit가 각각 결실되거나 또는 동시에 결실된 계통들이 선발되었다.

This study was carried out to know the variation of soybean seed proteins, 11S and 7S globulins, and their amino acid compositions among different colored soybean varieties, 'Danbaegkong' (yellow), 'Pureunkong' (green) 'Jinyulkong' (brown), and 'Geoumjeongkong l' (black). Soybean seed proteins showed a wide range in molecular size, but the electrophoresis patterns of total seed protein subunits showed a similarity among different colored soybean varieties. Amino acid compositions of total seed proteins were similar for all soybean varieties tested. However, soybean varieties showed low composition rates in sulfur containing amino acids. The composition rates of cysteine and methionine in the 11S globulins were higher than those of total seed proteins and 7S globulins. Glutamic acid and glycine were higher in the 11S and 7S globulins than those of total seed proteins. However, the levels of methionine and phenylalanine are high in the 11S globulins, but those of valine and lysin are slightly lower than the 7S globulins. By using HPLC, we tried to analyse the soybean seed proteins. The 11S globulin was composed of 10 major peaks whereas the 7S globulin was composed of 4 major peaks. The composition rates of 11S related proteins have a tendency to increasing during the maturing whereas those of 7S related proteins have a tendency to decreasing. Composition rates of each peaks among different colored soybean varieties suggested that soybean seed proteins are varied, although they showed similarity in the electrophoresis patterns, and understanding of this characteristics is important for the utilization of soybeans.

Antibodies raised against the purified p-subunit of β -conglycinin were used in immunohistochemical studies to monitor the pattern of β -conglycinin mobilization in the cotyledons during soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed germination. Western blot analysis revealed that the break down of the β -subunit of β -conglycinin commenced as early as 2 days after seed imbibition (DAI). Concurrent with the degradation of the β -subunit of β -conglycinin, accumulation of 48, 28, and 26 kD proteolytic intermediates was observed from 2 to 6 DAI. Western blot analysis also revealed that the acidic subunit of glycinin was mobilized earlier than the basic subunit. The basic glycinin subunit was subjected to proteolysis within 2 DAI resulting in the appearance of an intermediate product approximately 2 kD smaller than the native basic glycinin subunit. In contrast to the major seed storage proteins, lipoxygenase was subjected to limited proteolysis and was detected even after 8 DAI. The first sign of β -conglycinin breakdown was observed near the vascular strands and proceeded from the vascular strands towards the epidermis. Protein A-gold localization studies using thin sections of soybean cotyledons and antibodies raised against the β -subunit of β -conglycinin revealed intense labeling over protein bodies. A pronounced decrease in the protein A-gold labeling intensity over protein bodies was observed at later stages of seed germination. The protein bodies, which were converted into a large central vacuole by 8 DAI, contained very little 7S protein as evidenced by sparse protein A-gold labeling in the vacuoles.

Soybean varieties derived from Korea are classified into four groups on the basis of their food types such as soybeans for vegetable, sprout, sauce and paste and soybeans with colored seed coat. This study was carried out to know the differences in storage protein concentrations among these four groups. There were differences in storage protein concentrations among four groups. In 7S protein, the α '-and α -subunit concentrations did not vary among four groups, while a β -subunit concentration greatly varied. 7S protein concentration was the highest(40.6%) in soybean for sauce and paste and the lowest(37.7%) in soybean for vegetable, while 11S protein concentration was the highest (62.3%) in soybean for vegetable and the lowest (59.4%) in soybean for sauce and paste. In view of the fact that 11S protein has much higher sulfur containing amino acids than 7S protein, it was shown the soybeans for vegetable may have higher nutrition value than other groups.

콩 저장 단백질의 대부분은 globulin이며, 이중 7S와 11S가 70% 이상을 차지한다. 따라서 콩 단백질의 조성개량을 위해서는 11S/7S 비율 조정이 우선되는데, 본 연구에서는 몇가지 콩 품종을 사용하여 7S와 11S를 분리 확인하고, 이들 분획 단백질을 이용한 두부제조시험을 실시하였다. 7S와11S는 콩 분말을 탈지한 후 pH를 조정하고 원심분리를 이용함으로써 분획할 수 있었고, 전기영동상(SDS-PAGE)에서 이를 확인할 수 있었다. 공시계통들의 11S/7S 비율은 1.29∼1.38을 나타내어 계통간 차이가 없었다. 한편 콩 종실 단백질을 7S와 11S로 분획한 후 7S와 11S를 비율별로 혼합하여 두부를 제조하고 물성을 측정한 결과 11S량이 많아질수록 두부의 경도, 탄력성, 응집성 등이 높게 나타난다. 따라서 11S와 7S의 비율을 조정함으로써 여러가지 용도에 알맞는 식품개발이 가능하리라 판단된다.