Although the educational facility are an important considerations on a social equity standpoint, educational environment in rural areas has been continuously deteriorated by numerous social problems such as decreasing birth rate and increasing of local school closing. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accessibility of educational environment in rural areas on village level. First, we evaluate physical accessibility based on legally defined commuting distance. Second, the implication of village population of potential accessibility is analyzed. Lastly, the facility centrality index of each village is estimated for assessing the relations of educational accessibility. The main results of this study are as follows; (1) The accessibility of most villages in Pyeongchang-gun is vulnerable that 81.10% for elementary school, 73.17% for middle school, and 82.32% for high school, respectively; (2) The average commuting distance per student considering estimated number of students for each educational facilities indicated 2.75km for elementary school, 4.37km for middle school, and 5.79km for high school; (3) the facility centrality index is highly correlated to educational facilities but not to village population.

우리나라 교육과정의 양대 축은 교과 교육과정과 창의적 체험활동으로 학교 현장의 교육과 학생의 발달에 있어서 긍정적인 역할을 많이 수행하였다. 그러나 창의적 체험활동에 대한 연구는 그 고유한 특성과 성격을 반영하면서 다양하게 실시되지 못하였다. 그동안 우리나라에서 실시되었던 창의적 체험활동에 관한 연구는 양적인 연구에 치우쳐 있었으며, 연구의 주제가 몇 가지 측면에서 제한된다는 문제점을 지니고 있었다. 다른 연구 활동과 같이 창의적 체험활동에 관한 연구도 다양한 접근 방법으로 탐구와 이해가 실시된다면 그 타당성은 더욱 높아질 것이다. 이에 본 연구는 앞으로의 창의적 체험활동 연구는 질적 접근에 초점을 두어야 함을 제시하였다. 이를 위해 창의적 체험활동 연구에서 질적 접근의 가치와 가능성을 탐색하였으며, 활용 가능성을 제안하였다. 앞으로 창의적 체험활동 분야에서 심층적이고 다양한 질적 연구가 실시된다면 학교 현장, 교사와 학생의 삶을 이해하는 인식의 폭을 확장시킬 수 있는 기회를 제공할 것이다.

Public transportation is public service that is contributed to the convenience of the public. However, opportunity for public services in rural areas is weaker than the chance in urban areas. The purpose of this study is to evaluate accessibility of various public facilities using public transportation. To evaluate the accessibility, we calculate the various time from community center to the nearest bus stop, walking time, riding time in bus, and waiting time for transfer. The results of this study ares as follows; (1) Villages occupy 19.8% in rural areas that walking time from community center to the nearest bus stop takes over 10 minutes in integrated Chungju-si; (2) The average speed is 21.9 km/hr estimated to departure and arrival time of bus route; (3) The accessibility time from community center using the average bus speed takes 15.43 minutes to public facilities, 35.15 minutes to emergency center, 8.70 minutes to medical center, 9.70 minutes to elementary school, 16.26 minutes to middle school, and 22.61 minutes high school; (4) The transfer time of public transportation takes 13.46, 21.96, 10.48, 7.78, 11.11, 16.10 minutes to public facilities, emergency center, medical center, elementary school, middle school, and high school, respectively; (4) Traffic accessibility using bus vehicles in the East and South Chungju-si is lower than areas in the West and North Chungju-si. Some villages surrounding public offices (eup-myeon office) which have a high density of population, indicate a high traffic accessibility.

A disaster can be defined in many ways based on perspectives, in addition, its types are able to classify differently by various standards. Considering the different perspectives, the disaster can be occurred by natural phenomenon that is like typhoon, earthquake, flood, and drought, and by the accident that is like collapse of facilities, traffic accidents, and environmental pollution, etc. Into the modern society, moreover, the disaster includes the damages by diffusion of epidemic and infectious disease in domestic animals. The disaster was defined by natural and man-made hazards in the past. As societies grew with changes of paradigm, social factors have been included in the concept of the disaster according to new types unexpected by new disease and scientific technology. Change the concept of social disasters, Ministry of Public Safety and Security (MPSS) has provided the regional safety index, which measures the safety level of a local government. However, this regional safety index has some limitation to use because this index provides the information for city unit which is a unit of administrative districts of urban. Since these administrative districts units are on a different level with urban and rural areas, the regional safety index provided by MPSS is not be able to direct apply to the rural areas. The purpose of this study is to determine the regional safety index targeting rural areas. To estimate the safety index, we was used for 3 indicators of the MPSS, a fire, a crime, and an infectious disease which are evaluable the regional safety index using an accessibility analysis. For determining the regional safety index using accessibility from community centers to public facilities, the safety index of fire, crime, and infectious disease used access time to fire station, police office, and medical facility, respectively. An integrated Cheongju, targeting areas in this study, is mixed region with urban and rural areas. The results of regional safety index about urban and rural areas, the safety index in rural area is relatively higher than in the urban. Neverthless the investment would be needed to improve the safety in the rural areas.

Land price can be affected by convenience or psychological repulsion like PIMFY (Please In My Front Yard) or NIMBY (Not In My Back Yard) for various facilities. Services related to public establishment, welfare, medical attention, and amenities in rural areas are comparatively poorer than those in urban areas. The purpose of this study is to estimate the implications of the accessibility to community facilities in rural areas for land prices using a hedonic price model. The accessibility to facilities is estimated by real road distances and the land prices are applied for four types of land usages: field, rice paddy, building lots, and village halls. Community facilities are classified from public and community services view: education, safety, culture, transport, environment, health care, and finance. The results show that the accessibility to health care and transport can positively affect land prices and the accessibility to environment (waste facilities and junkyard) and unpleasant services (funeral hall and charnel house) can negatively affect land prices. Especially, the accessibility to hospital is the most positive influential factor for all types of land usages.

This study aims to assess Green-Tourism accessibility of Rural Experience Village and then prepare improvement methods. To do this study, we surveyed 25 operators of Rural Experience Village in Chungbuk. We used 21 issues in all for analysis and the following shows a summary of major results. Rural Experience Village has a generally hard time conducting facility maintenance. Countermeasures for maintenance are required to run smoothly. Since Rural Experience Village has difficulty attracting visitors to the village, countermeasures are needed to attract visitors through business promotion. The results of assessing Green- Tourism accessibility showed us that some villages are a lot more accessible than others. Therefore, it is necessary that there should be improvements of Green -Tourism accessibility by attracting visitors and increasing operating days so that Green-tourism accessibility can be enhanced. In spite of its high level of accessibility since Rural Experience Village belonging to Goesan has low profitability, it is especially imperative that we establish more positive project promotion to cover it.

Although the frequency of use for community facilities in rural villages is growing as well as the importance of the facilities for urban-rural exchange is being highlighted, study on spatial location-analysis of the facilities for such multi-purpose is not so much. This study aims to find the spatial distribution forms of community facilities in rural villages such as community center and rural-pocket park through location-analysis, in order to provide available data for selecting location in the future. As the study area, Sojeong-myeon, Sejong Special City was selected. This study conducted GIS analysis for criteria of the location-evaluation model developed in this study. This study introduced the concept of time-distance for accessibility analysis. This paper also used linear-consecutive scoring method(LCSM) as a scoring method of criteria and Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) method for weighting values of criteria. The application results showed that the new model can generate the intensity of community facilities according to spatial distribution and accessibility from cities to the facilities.

This study carried out evaluation of vulnerability in accessability and functionality using road network that was extracted from Intelligent Transportation System(ITS) and digital map. It was built in order to figure out accessability that locational data which include community center, public facilities, medical facilities and highway IC. The method for grasping functionality are Digital Elevation Model(DEM) and land slide hazard map provided by Korea Forest Service. The evaluation criteria for figure out accessability was set to related comparison of average time in urban area. Functionality value was calculated by the possibility of backing the vehicle possibility of snowfall and landslides. At last, this research computed weighting value through Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), calculated a vulnerable score. As the result, the accessability of rural village came out that would spend more time by 1.4 to 3.2 times in comparison with urban area. Even though, vulnerability of the road by a snowfall was estimated that more than 50% satisfies the first class, however, it show up that the road were still vulnerable due snowing because over the 14% of the road being evaluated the fifth class. The functionality has been satisfied most of the road, however, It was vulnerable around Lake Daechung and Piban-ryung, Yumti-jae, Suriti-jae where on the way Boeun. Also, the fifth class road are about 35 km away from the city hall on distance, take an hour to an hour and a half. The fourth class road are about 25 km away from the city hall on distance, take 25 min to an hour. The other class of the road take in 30 min from the city hall or aren't affected of weather and have been analyzed that a density of road is high. In A result that compare between distribution and a housing density came out different the southern and the eastern area, so this result could be suggested quantitative data for possibility of development.

요코하마 시의 지하철 사인은 유니버설디자인이 적용된 일본에서도 대표적인 사례로 손꼽힌다. 우선 지하철을 향해 일반도로에서 접근하는 점형 유도블록은 인도의 유형에 따라 자연스러운 형태를 취한다. 즉, 인도의 모양이 곡선이면 점형 블록도 곡선으로 설치하여 자연스럽게 일반인과 걷는 행위가 다르지 않게 된다. 또한 육교의 계단에도 가운데를 중심으로 3등분한 중앙부를 완만한 경사로를 만들어 휠체어 등의 이동이 편리하도록 하였다. 사인에 관해서는 일본어, 한자, 영어, 한국어 등 4개 국어로 표기하여 세계인의 커뮤니케이션을 원활하게 하고 있다. 이는 요코하마 시 뿐만 아니라 일본의 전 지하철사인에 적용하고 있다. 모든 서체는 가독성을 부여하였고 크기 또한 최대로 하여 저 시력자도 불편함 없이 읽을 수 있도록 하였다. 그리고 개찰구의 천장사인은 길이를 좌우 계단의 전체 폭과 동일하게 하여 길지만 단순하게 정리된 모습을 연출하게 된다. 측면에서 사인을 보게 되면 브이자형을 인식하게 되는데 이것은 양방향에서 쳐다볼 때 시야와 직각을 이루게 하여 왜곡돼지 않도록 한 것이다. 사인의 색상은 우리나라와 비슷하게 적용하고 있었지만 과학적인 면을 발견할 수 있는데 우선 색채 적용의 체계성을 들 수 있다. 이와 같이 지하철의 사인은 세계 각국의 사람들이 이용 가능하도록 디자인 되어야하며, 명시성과 가독성이 절대적으로 중요하다는 것을 본 연구를 통하여 논리가 입증되었다.

In this paper, the improvement methods of working platforms arrangement for NPP(Nuclear Power Plant) construction has been reviewed to enhance the construction accessibility. The working platforms will be enlarged and added because of accessibility of the hi-capacity crane for installation of the SC module and the combined module. The vertical elevator and the working tower have been also proposed to increase construction accessibility. It is concluded that the improvement of constructability is possible based on the consultation of construction company.

웹 접근성 조치 의무화 시행에 따라 웹 접근성에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 웹 접근성은 장애인뿐만 아니라 비장애인을 포함하며, 사람들은 장애적 상황에 직면하게 되고, 연령이 높아질수록 신체적 기능 저하로 인해 점진적 장애적 상황이 된다는 점에서 장애적 상황은 누구에게나 해당된다. 접근성은 보편성의 가치를 지향한다. 게임은 현대사회의 대표적 문화활동이 되고 있지만, 한국사회에서 여전히 특별한 소수문화로 인식하는 경향이 많다. 게임을 둘러싼 갈등은 게임에 대한 사회적 이해의 전제적 조건이 되는 접근성 관점에서 볼 필요가 있다. 게임접근성은 보편적 문화적 가치의 구현, 게임 리터러시 전제 조건, 새로운 비즈니스 창출, 콘텐츠접근성의 전망이란 측면에서 사회적 의미를 함축하고 있다.

서울역사박물관, 대한민국역사박물관, 서울시립북서울미술관, 노원문화예술회관을 대상으로 유니버설디자인의 적용여부를 접근성에 한정하여 연구하였다. 접근성은 외부에서의 접근성과 내부의 위생시설에 대한 접근성으로 나누어 실사 분석하였다. 노원문화예술회관을 제외하고 모든 연구대상의 기관이 평지에 건축되어 계단 없이 접근성이 양호하게 조사되었다. 위생시설의 경우는 서울역사 박물관의 대변기 높이가 400~450mm보다 높은 560mm로 되어 있어 유니버설 디자인의 기준을 초과하였다. 대한민국 역사박물관의 경우는 화장실 출입문의 폭이 670mm로 유니버설디자인 최저 기준인 760mm를 충족치 못하여 휠체어의 출입이 불가하다. 서울시립 북서울미술관의 경우는 화장실의 거울의 세로 길이가 280mm로 유니버설디자인 기준 650mm 이상에 절반정도의 크기로 부적합하며, 노원문화예술회관의 경우는 변기의 높이가 10mm 낮아 불편함을 초래한다. 그러나 최근에는 문화시설들도 유니버설디자인의 기준을 적용함을 알 수 있었다. 모든 계층의 사람들이 평등하고 편안하게 이용할 수 있도록 유니버설 디자인의 기준을 적극적으로 받아들여서 불편 없이 활용되어야하고 문화생활의 생활화에 발맞추어 찾고 싶은 문화공간과 시설이 되기를 기대한다.

According to the increase of rural experience, that is important in satisfying needs of green tourism and vitalizing rural economy to use closed school in rural area as experience facility. For using closed school as experience facility, political and institutional assistants are needed in effective equipments and stable operation based on multi-perspective approach and analysis. In this study, we try to evaluate green-tourism accessibility of rural experience facility remodeled from closed school considering regional population and spatial characteristics. In evaluating process, gravity potential model are adapted with considering group size of customer and distance-friction coefficient. Distance-friction coefficient is a function of user restriction which depend on possible activity in each experience facility. Green tourism accessibility of experience facility is calculated with summation of accessibility to each region, and we analyzed it as a group by closed school type and location with application in Chungcheongnam-do. We found a correlation between green tourism accessibility of rural closed school and their income.

본 연구는 생태학 이론에 근거하여 외체계에 해당되는 학교주변의 자연환경을 살펴보고 개방성 및 접근성 정도에 따라 초등학생의 자연과의 연계성과 자아개념의 상관성을 알아보고자 시도되었다. 서울 및 경기도에 위치하는 초등학교 4곳에 재학 중인 5학년 359명을 대상으로 설문조사하였다. 초등학교 4곳은 모두 도심 속 국공립 초등학교로 학교 주변으로 개방성 및 접근성 정도가 다른 자연환경을 가지고 있다. A학교는 큰 산으로 둘러싸여 있고, B학교는 근접한 곳에 도시형 녹지공원이 위치하고, C학교는 뒤편으로 낮고 작은 산이 위치하고, D학교는 우리나라 문화유산인 궁으로 둘러싸여 있다. 측정도구로는 Mayer and Frantz(2004)의 자연과의 연계성과 Kelley(1998)의 자아개념을 사용하였다. 연구결과, 자연과의 연계성과 자아개념은 D학교에서 가장 높은 점수를 보였고(자연과의 연계성 3.35±.51, 자아개념 3.55±.46), 초등학교 집단 간에 통계적으로 유의한 점수차이를 보였다(자연과의 연계성 F=3.36*, 자아개념 F=9.25***). 자연과의 연계성과 자아개념간의 상관관계 분석에서는 B학교(r=.48***)와 C학교(r=.37***)에서 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였고, 일반적 특성인 성별, 환경관련교육 경험여부, 거주지형태를 통제한 부분 상관관계에서도 비슷한 결과로 나타났다. 학교 구분없이 전체를 대상으로 분석했을 때 역시 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였다(r=.34***). 자연환경의 개방성과 접근성 정도가 비교적 좋은 학교에 재학 중인 초등학생의 자연과의 연계성과 자아개념간 상관관계가 유의한 것으로 나타난 것은 비록 학교 내 자연환경은 아니지만 외체계로써 시각적 또는 물리적 접근이 가능한 학교 주변의 자연환경 역시 아동이 자연과 연계된다고 인식하고 궁극적으로 긍정적인 자아개념을 갖는데 도움을 준다고 할 수 있겠다. 학령기에 해당되는 초등학생의 경우 학교생활과 방과 후 활동을 통해 발달적 과업 성취와 건강증진을 도모할 수 있으므로 학교환경은 물론 학교주변 자연환경 역시 중요한 물리적 환경으로 작용할 수 있다. 초등학생의 건강증진을 위해 학교 주변 자연환경은 자연 개방성과 접근성을 고려한 생태학적 환경으로 조성되어야 할 것이다. 그러나, 본 연구는 외체계를 제외한 나머지 체계와 관련된 변수통제가 이루어지지 않았기 때문에 연구결과를 일반화하는데 제한점을 가지고 있다. 또한 편의추출에 의한 자료수집 역시 본 연구의 제한점이 될 수 있다. 초등학생의 자연과의 연계성과 자아개념 간의 관련성 또는 인과관계를 보다 정확하게 설명할 수 있도록 변수추가에 따른 다각적인 연구방법(종단적 연구, 중재연구, 다변량분석 등)을 제언하는 바이다.

The ratio of the mobility handicapped person is about 25.8% of the total population in Korea(MCT, 2006). In order to prepare for the enforcement of the "Transportation Services Improvement Act for the Mobility Handicapped People"(MCT, 2006), various equipments and installations should be developed to ensure appropriate safety level for the mobility handicapped persons in maritime transportation. While approximately 10 million people are using domestic passenger vessels annually, preferences for maritime transport is very low, especially for the mobility handicapped. This study reviewed a current status of the mobility handicapped person in domestic passenger ship and analysed the improvement plan for them. To investigate the current status of domestic passenger vessel usage by the mobility handicapped, to analysis the requirements for amenities necessary for the mobility handicapped and select the ones to be developed based on the investigated results and to do feasibility study of barrier-free ship.

This study investigated and analyzed the current status and operations of tourism farms in the Chuncheon area. By adopting the GIS, an analysis was made of whether the five old tourism farms utilized suitability and how they could open a new one in a suitability. The following results were drawn from the analysis of natural and social suitability factors and accessibility. Time requirements were analyzed taking into account that a majority of tourists came from Seoul and Gyeonggi, area. Four of the five tourism farms were within one hour travel, from these areas but it seemed impossible that they could be reached within one hour considering the actual road conditions and traffic. The natural and social suitability factors of a tourism farm were overlay-analyzed. The land of the first and second class that was considered to be suitable for a tourism farm was 17.12km2, which accounted for 1.38% of the entire area examined in the study and 11.50% of the entire agricultural land. The area that was evaluated to be suitable for a tourism farm will be able to attract new tourism farms in the future.