Currently, flies are used to pollinate Welsh onion for seed production. However, the use of flies for pollination has caused problems in Welsh onion seed production due to sanitation issues, smell, and the difficulty of feeding the flies. Therefore, we investigated the effects of pollination with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris), flies (e.g., houseflies, flesh flies, blue bottle flies), mason bees (Osmia cornifrons), honeybees (Apis mellifera) and blowflies (Lucilia illustris) in a small net screen house (2.2m×1.7m×2.5m) for onion seed production. Although the number of flies was about three times than that of other insect pollinators, fies and bumblebees showed equivalent pollination ratios, but the remaining three insect species showed lower values. For the percentage of seed set per umbel, the number of seeds per flower and umbel, bumblebees and flies showed similar results. These results showed that pollination by bumblebees can be used as an alternative approach in breeding Welsh onion. An analysis of the most appropriate colony of bumblebees for use as pollinators for breeding Welsh onion in a small net screen house showed that colony of fifty to eighty bees was the most efficient level. The visiting time on the flower and spending time from a flower to another flower of B. terrestris worker on small net screen house was 2.2 seconds and 1.8 seconds, respectively.

 ,  , This study was conducted to develop economic injury level (EIL) of onion thrips, Thrips tabaci, on welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L. var) in the early transplanting stage. The changes of welsh onion biomass, yield loss, and T. tabaci density were investigated according to the inoculation periods of T. tabaci. In the early transplanting stage of welsh onion, the yield loss (%) increased with increasing inoculation periods: 17.0, 53.3, 38.4, and 80.8% yield loss in 5, 10, 15, and 20 d inoculation periods, respectively. The relationship between Cumulative Insect Days (CID) of T. tabaci and yield loss (%) of welsh onion was well described by a nonlinear logistic equation. Using the estimated equation, EIL of T. tabaci on welsh onion was estimated to 30 CID per plant based on the yield loss 12% (an empirical gain threshold 5% + marketable rate 93% of welsh onion). ET was calculated to 24 CID, which corresponds to 80% of EIL. Until a more defined EIL-model is developed, the present results should be useful for T. tabaci management in early growth stage of welsh onion. The effect of T. tabaci attack on the yield of welsh onion in late growing season (120 days after transplanting) was also examined. The yield of welsh onion increased at a low population density of T. tabaci and decreased at higher densities, showing a typical over-compensatory response.

To control Thrips tabaci in Korean leek and green onion which grow at vinyl house in IKSAN, Jeollabuk-do, the non-treatment was set as negative control. In general treatment group, 120 mesh gauze was installed on the side window after planting(May, 2nd) and, in spring, Orius strigicollis (1.0/m2) was grazed 3 times every 7 days from mid of May which is early development stage and In the mid of June, which is the peak stage, plant extracts were sprayed one time. In autumn, O. strigicollis was grazed 3 times every 7 days from mid of September which is early development stage, and in the mid of October, which is the peak stage, plant extracts were sprayed one time. The result shows that the leaf damage ratio was decreased by 22% in Korean leek and by 27% in green onion compared to the untreatment. And the control value of Thrips tabaci shows 78.7% in korean leak and 90.6% in green onion. The density control effect of Thrips tabaci was significantly controlled under max 6.2/plant in general treatment group compared max 25/plant in the untreatment and this result was similar in green onion. The yields by general treatment was increased by 85% in Korean leek and 56% in green onion, compared with non-treatment yields, which was 900kg/10a in Korean leek and 1,287kg/10a in green onion.

This study was conducted to develop economic injury level (EIL) and economic threshold (ET) of onion thrips, Thrips tabaci on welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L. var). The changes of welsh onion biomass and T. tabacci density were investigated after introductions of T. tabacci at different densities and days: By the results of the experiment in the early welsh onion cultivation periods (30d after transplanting), the biomass of welsh onion significantly decreased with increasing the initial inoculated density of T. tabacci. The relationship between cumulative insect days (CID) and yield loss (%) of welsh onion was well described by a nonlinear logistic equation. Using the estimated equation, EIL and ET of T. tabacci on welsh onion were estimated at 24 and 20 CID per plant, respectively. By the results of the experiment in the late cultivation periods of welsh onion (about 120d after transplanting), the welsh onion biomass was also significantly different inoculation thrips densities to welsh onion. The EIL and ET were calculated as 35 and 28 thrips per welsh onion plant. Until a more elaborate EIL-model is developed, the present result may be useful for T. tabacci management during the cultivations of welsh onion.

Control thresholds for the management of beet army worm, Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) were evaluated on welsh onion of two different planting time. Two inoculation times were tested for each planting and the number of inoculated larva was 5, 10, 20, 40 per twenty plants. The injured rate of leaves was 33.5% to 10.9% at 7th September at 40 to 5 larva inoculation plot on the five days planting. That of leaves was 20.5% at 40 larva on the twenty days planting. The yields of welsh onion on non-inoculation plot were 4,395 ㎏ per 10a. The rate of reduced yields was 49.2%(1,774.2 ㎏) and 36.5%(2,220.5 ㎏) at 40 larva inoculation on the 5 and 20 days planting, respectively. The linear relationships between population density and yield reduction were as following, it was Y=-43.474X + 3419.6 (R² = 0.9698) for 5 days and Y=-32.977X + 3518.9 (R² = 0.9928) for 20 days. Based on these results the control threshold level was estimated to be 1.8 larva for 5 days and 4.6 larva for 20 days per 20 plant. The more damaged leaves by S. exigua larva, the more yield reduction on welsh onion.

Platelets serve many biological functions, including a major role in the haemostatic process. But platelets also play a crucial role in the formation of arterial thrombosis, arteriosclerosis and other pathologic processes. Thus, there have been many studies to develop new antiplatelet agents from foods and plants for decades. In this study, inhibitory effects of the oriental onion (Allium fistulosum) on platelet aggregation were investigated using platelet rich plasma (PRP). Water extracts of oriental onion was separated into two fractions (Fraction I and Fraction II by Sephadex G-150 column. Platelet aggregations were inhibited by total water extracts as well as Fraction I and II. IC_(50) value of Fraction I was much lower than that of Fraction II. Inhibitory effects of total water extracts of oriental onion on ATP release by PRP were also observed.

본 실험은 겨울철 파의 양액재배시 배양액 온도를 13, 18, 23℃로 처리하여 잎파의 생육 및 품질에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 수행하였다. 13-23℃ 범위 내에서 배양액 온도가 증가할수록 생체중도 증가하였다. 초장도 13℃보다 18, 23℃ 처리구에서 더 길었으며, 지상부, 지하부 건물율은 18℃ 처리구에서 가장 무거웠다. 식물체내 K의 함량은 18℃ 처리구에서 가장 높았으며, Ca, Mg의 함량은 23℃보다 13, 18℃ 처리구에서 더 높았다. 비타민 C의 함량은 배양액 온도가 증가할수록 감소하였으나, 유의성은 인정되지 않았다. Pyruvic acid 함량은 13, 18℃ 처리구에서 높았으며, nitrate의 함량은 반대로 23℃ 처리구보다 13, 18℃ 처리구에서 낮았다. 따라서 파의 생육과 품질을 고려한다면, 겨울철 파의 양액 재배시 적절한 배양액 온도는 18℃ 내외로 생각된다.

본 실험은 양액내 NO3--N : NH4+-N 비율이 잎파(Allium fistulosum L.) 생육 및 품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 양액내 pH는 NO3--N : NH4+-N 비율이 9:1인 처리구에서는 상승하였고, NO3--N : NH4+-N 비율이 1:1, 1:3인 처리구에서는 하강하는 경향이 있었으나, 3:1 처리구에서는 안정적인 PH를 유지하였다. 외관상 생육은 NO3--N : NH4+-N 비율이 9:1인 처리구에서 가장 양호하였으며, NO3--N : NH4+-N 비율이 1 :3인 처리구에서 가장 저조하였다. 식물체내의 NO3--N의 함량은 양액내의 NO3--N 비율이 높을수록 증가하였다. Pyruvic acid 함량은 생육이 양호한 NO3--N : NH4+-N 비율이 9:1, 3:1인 처리구에서 높았으며, 1:3처리구에서는 낮았다.

초 록 파밤나방은 기존 살충제에 대한 저항성이 강하기 때문에 전남 진도의 파 집단 재배단지에서 합성 성훼로몬을 이용한 방제의 가능성을 검토하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 파를 가해하는 해충중 우점종은 파밤나방과 파굴파리였으며, 두 종은 포장에 따라 경합을 이루어 우점종이 달랐다. 성훼로몬 트랩에 의한 방제효과는 초기에 피해가 많았던 포장은 처리 4주후에 피해엽수가 급격히 감소하고, 중간 정도의 포장은 2주후에는 약간 증가하거나 감소하였지만 4주후에는 같은 경향으로 급격히 감소하였고, 초기피해가 낮은 포장은 계속 낮은 피해가 유지되었으며, 8주후에는 파 60주당 피해엽수가 무처리 포장에서 평균 33.2개의 반면 처리포장에서는 0.2~3개로 조절되었다. 또한 pheromone trap에 의한 웅성충의 유인량도 설치 초기에는 1.8~5.0마리로 적었으나, 2주후부터는 점차 증가하기 시작하여 8주후에는 77.4마리로 초기에 비해 유인량이 28배 가량 많아졌다. 성훼로몬 트랩 유인량과 피해엽수와는 부의 상관관계(r=TEX-0.9572*/TEX)가 인정되었다. 또한 색광별 light trap의 유인량은 30일 동안 적색에 6마리, 백색에 11마리, 청색에는 전혀 유인되지 않은 반면 pheromone trap에는 1,041마리가 유인되었다.

This study was conducted to investigate for the natural methane emission inhibitor as a feed additive no adversely effect on rumen fermentation. Five different Control (Wheat barn (0.05 g), MRA(Methane Reduction Additive)-1 (Allium fistulosum L. (0.05 g)), MRA-2 (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (0.025 g) +Wheat barn (0.025 g) mixed), MRA-3 (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (0.025 g) + Wheat barn (0.025 g) mixed), and MRA-4 (Allium fistulosum L. (0.02 g) + Tannic acid (0.02 g) + Wheat barn (0.01 g) mixed) contents were used to perform 3, 6, 9, 12, 24 and 48 h incubation for in vitro fermentation. Ruminal pH values were ranged within normal ruminal microbial fermentation. Dry matter digestibility was not significantly different across the treatments during the whole fermentation time. Also, the result of microbial growth had no adversely effect on during the whole fermentation time. At 24 h, methane emission was significantly lower (P<0.05) than all treatments except to MRA-1. Especially, MRA-4 carbon dioxide emission was significantly lower (P<0.05) than control at 9, 24 and 48 h incubation. In addition MRA-4 propionate concentration was significantly higher (P<0.05) than control at 24 h incubation. The result of RT-PCR Ciliate-associated methanogens were significantly lower (P<0.05) at MRA-1, MRA-3 and MRA-4 than control at 24 h incubation. Based on the present results, MRA-4 could be suggestible methane emission inhibitor as a natural feed additive.

본 연구에서는 양파와 파간 종간교잡 F1의 불임성의 한 요인으로 여겨지는 염색체 이상과 교잡식물체의 염색체의 조성을 밝혀 향후 종간교잡을 이용한 양파의 형질개량과정에 종간교잡 육종의 효율성을 높이고자 하였다. 종간교잡식물체의 감수분열 염색체를 관찰한 결과 중기에 7쌍의 2가염색체와 2개의 1가염색체가 관찰되었다. 체세포 염색체수는 16개로 양파, 파의 염색체 수와 같았으며 GISH한 결과 파와 양파의 염색체가 각각 8개씩 확인되었다. 5S, 45S, T

Allium 속 근연종인 파와 양파간 종간교잡을 이용하여 양파로부터 새로운 형질을 도입하는 과정에서 유래되는 종간교잡 F1과 여교잡 세대들의 게놈크기의 변화를 flow cytometry를 이용하여 측정한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 양파와 파의 종간교잡 F1의 식물학적 특성은 양친의 중간형을 보였으나 여교잡이 진전됨에 따라 반복친인 파의 표현형이 우세하였다. flow cytometry를 이용하여 2C nuclear DNA content을 측정

대파를 부위별로 분획하여 대파 전체, 잎, 줄기, 뿌리를 동량 처리하여 각각 autoclaving법에 의하여 대두유를 기질로 WOSO를 제조하였다. 이들 4종 WOSO의 이화학적 특성은 큰 차이가 없었으며, 대파 잎향미유의 경우 Lovibond 색상에서 고유의 청색을 상대적으로 강하게 나타내는 특성을 나타내었다. 휘발성 향기성분은 총 35종이 검출되었으며, 주요 향기성분은 methyl propenyl trisulfide와 propenyl prop

Interspecific hybrids between onion (Allium cepa L.) and green onion (Allium fistulosum L.) were produced using pistillate parents of two male sterile onion (msC1, msC2) and one male sterile green onion line (msF1), and pollen parents of one male fertile