한문과와 같이 학습자에 따라 또는 한문 교과 이수 정도에 따라 학업 성취 수준이 크게 차이가 나는 특수한 경우에는 학생 개개인의 특성 및 차이, 숙달 및 미숙 등에 따라 개별적으로 평가 결과 를 분석하거나 보고(reporting)한다면, 이러한 자료들을 통해서 학생들은 더 나은 학습을 수행 (performance)할 수 있고 교사들은 더욱 효율적인 교수 ‒ 학습을 진행할 수 있다. 이러한 관점 하에 서 최근 교육 평가 분야에서 새롭게 주목하고 있는 인지진단모형(cognitive diagnostic model)을 소 개하고 한문과 평가에 적용해 볼 필요가 있을 것으로 판단하였다. 따라서 이번 연구에서는 최근에 새롭게 주목받고 있는 인지진단모형을 한문과 평가 연구자들에게 간단히 소개하고, 한문과 수능 문 항과 문항의 특정 속성과의 관계를 규명하여 Q행렬을 구성해봄으로써 인지진단모형의 한문과 적용 에 대한 적절성과 적용 가능성을 탐색해보고자 한다.

Determining the absolute neutrino mass scale and the neutrino mass hierarchy are central goals in particle physics, with important implications for the Standard Model. However, the final answer may come from cosmology, as laboratory experiments provide measurements for two of the squared mass dif- ferences and a stringent lower bound on the total neutrino mass - but the upper bound is still poorly constrained, even when considering forecasted results from future probes. Cosmological tracers are very sensitive to neutrino properties and their total mass, because massive neutrinos produce a specific redshift- and scale-dependent signature in the power spectrum of the matter and galaxy distributions. Stringent upper limits on P m will be essential for understanding the neutrino sector, and will nicely complement particle physics results. To this end, we describe here a series of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations which include massive neutrinos, specifically designed to meet the requirements of the Baryon Acous- tic Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) and focused on the Lyman-α (Lyα) forest - also a useful theoretical ground for upcoming surveys such as SDSS-IV/eBOSS and DESI. We then brie y highlight the remark- able constraining power of the Lyα forest in terms of the total neutrino mass, when combined with other state-of-the-art cosmological probes, leading to a stringent upper bound on ∑mv.

The contents of this paper is to develop a passive sampler for H2S measurement. When the H2S gas exists in the air, AgNO3 solution coated filter of white used phenomenon which is exchanged with black. If the H2S gas concentration increased, the color of AgNO3 solution coated filter is discolored more black. H2S passive sampler measures the H2S gas concentration by changed color of AgNO3 solution coated filter. The reproducibility of the H2S passive sampler is very stable to within an error 5%RSD. The black color of AgNO3 solution coated filter showed a linear relationship with the H2S gas concentrations. In addition, correlation of the developed CDM and CR-10(Minolta, Japan) showed a high correlation to 0.99. Manufactured H2S passive sampler must be kept refrigerated, stability and reactivity was observed for up to 20 days

야간에 가로등에 유인되는 동물류 중에 가장 잘 알려진 것이 바로 곤충이다. 유인된 곤충은 대부분 그대로 죽게 되고, 생태계 내에서 1차 또는 2차 소비자의 역할을 하는 곤충의 개체군 감소로 인한 생태계 피해는 매우 심각하다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구를 통해 가로등별 곤충 유인률을 알아내고, 서로 비교･분석하여 가로등별 주변 생태계에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 한다. 조사는 2012년 8월 LED가로등이 설치되어 있는 충북제천과 경기도 과천에서 2회 반복 실험을 하였다. 실험방법은 약 7-8m의 가로등 기둥 3m지점에 곤충유인용 자외선 트랩을 설치하여 일몰 후 1시간부터 2시간 정량채집 후 회수하였고, 그 이후로 다시 2시간을 정량채집을 하였다. LED 가로등 5대와 나트륨등 5대, 그리고 다시 LED 가로등 5대와 CDM등 5대를 비교 실험하였다. 자외선 트랩으로 정량채집한 곤충을 실험실로 운반 후 종수 및 개체수로 계수하고, 40℃에서 48시간 동안 건조시킨 후 건중량을 측정하였다. 실험결과 LED등과 나트륨등 비교 1회 실험에서 5대의 LED 가로등의 유인률 평균은 52.2종, 201.4개체, 0.1962g이며, 나트륨등 5대의 유인률 평균은 60.4종, 337개체, 0.3834이다. 2회 실험에서 5대의 LED 가로등의 유인률 평균은 27.4종, 77.8개체, 0.088이며, 나트륨등 5대의 유인률 평균은 33.4종, 114.6개체, 0.1236g이다. LED등과 CDM등의 비교 1회 실험에서 LED등 5대의 유인률 평균은 35.8종, 107.2개체, 0.0576g이며, CDM등 5대의 유인률 평균은 44.4종, 111.2개체, 0.1142g이다. 2회 실험에서 LED등 5대의 유인률 평균은 58.6종, 131.8개체, 0.0716g이며, CDM등 5대의 유인률 평균은 55.8종, 129.6개체, 0.1438g이다.

The Clean Development Mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol was implemented in China several years ago. In spite of the significant benefits the CDM has brought to China, legal research on the CDM is relatively weak and there are many legal problems with the implementation of CDM projects in Chian. This article clarifies the legal problems of implementing the CDM in China by exploring and analyzing how to implement CDM projects, the legal relationships involved, CDM-related contracts and various key legal issues. The conclusions drawn from the above discussions could have implications for the future carbon reduction activities in China beyond 2012.

Agriculture is not only sources, but also sinks of GHGs through removal or sequestration of carbon and methane. Therehave been many efforts around the world to improve agriculture’s ability to sequester GHGs and to seek ways for economicbenefits through the emissions reduction project. Specially, animal waste management system and biogas plants have beenuseful to environmental policies in agriculture sector. The objectives of this study were to analyze the CDM project currentsituation in agriculture sector and draw a implications from its analysis. As a result of the investigation, strategies andprocedures are suggested to link agricultural policies to the CDM projects to create economics opportunities for the koreanagriculture. So it will be useful, a strategy to raise the economic feasibility of a rural area’s animal waste managementsystem and biogas plant project should consider to develop domestic technologies of biogas digester. Also, localgovernment, local college, rural communities should agree to closely work together to resolve the national’s greenhousegas reduction issue.

The objectives of this thesis were to search for effective methods of the livestock manure management through analysis of the livestock manure management cost and prepare for cuts in greenhouse gases emission by applying CDM in the fields of livestock in 2013. In the situation where most farmhouses are disposing the pig manure by ocean disposal, it is urgent to make an alternative plan since ocean disposal will be prohibited from 2012. Biogasplant is being highlighted from the point that can produce heat and electricity by using methane generated when the manure is disposed, and that can produce barnyard manure and liquid manure. As biogasplant generates energy using methane, it will contribute to decreasing global warming with the effect of greenhouse gases reduction, and trading emission reductions through CDM will result in creating revenue.

For the efficient control of atmospheric quality, it is so important to predict the influence accurately of which the air pollutant emitted into the atmosphere. Atmospheric dispersion model enables to simulate and grasp the atmospheric condition occurred due to the emission of pollutants. The result of model is largely affected by the amount of emission, the characteristics of physical and chemical process, meteorological input data, and the receptor which the concentration is calculated. The aim of this research, therefore, is to suggest more suitable model in Pusan area than other areas by performing TCM2, CDM2.0 and ISCLT2 models. As the basic work for executing the model, we computed the amount of emission of air pollutants in Pusan at 1992 and analyzed the occurrence frequency of atmospheric stability for recent decade(1985∼1994). CDM2.0 showed the similar result relatively with observed value in the case of full year(1992), fall and winter, and ISCLT2 brought more suitable result in spring for Pusan area. As the result of this research, in future, it is necessary for us to develop the numerical model considering the topographical characteristics, to select the proper observation site and to increase the observation site for Pusan.