Waste materials have become a promising source for producing carbonaceous materials, that can be utilized in energy storage system as well as in wide range of applications. The growing accumulation of waste tires presents significant environmental challenges, but also offers an opportunity to convert them into valuable carbon-based materials for energy storage applications. In the present study, a facile and scalable approach has been demonstrated to synthesizing selfdoped, heteroatom-enriched carbon from waste tires via catalytic pyrolysis followed by hydrochloric acid (HCl) leaching. The resulting chemically treated carbon (CTC), derived from pyrolytic carbon char (CC), exhibits a porous microstructure and is doped with multiple heteroatoms, as confirmed through comprehensive characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and N2 adsorption desorption Brunauer-Emmett–Teller (BET) isotherm. The electrochemical performance of both CC and CTC was evaluated in a symmetric two-electrode configuration using 1 M tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TEABF4) in acetonitrile (ACN) organic electrolyte. The CTC exhibited significantly enhanced capacitive performance compared to CC, achieving a specific capacitance of 346.67 Fg− 1 at 1 A g− 1, alongside excellent energy density (39 Wh kg− 1) and power density (450 W kg− 1). Notably, the CTC retained 90% of its initial capacitance after 10,000 charge-discharge cycles at a current density of 10 A g− 1, demonstrating excellent cycling stability. This work presents a facile, and sustainable approach for repurposing waste tires into high-performance electrode materials for supercapacitors.

Porous hard carbon has recently gained attention as an anode material for KIB because of its superior potassium ion storage performance. In this study, an efficient method for producing polyethylene-based hollow porous carbon is presented. Partial sulfonation was applied, and the porosity of the resulting carbon material was regulated by the sulfonation time. A hollow structure with the high specific surface area of 173.3 m2/g was achieved via partial sulfonation and carbonization without additional activation. Using polyethylene (PE)-based porous carbon as an anode material for KIB, a high specific discharge capacity of 187 mAh/g and excellent rate capability at 1000 mA/g were achieved. Moreover, potassium-ion storage mechanisms were identified and compared with those of non-porous PE-based carbon anodes. This study provides an effective method for preparing porous PE-based carbon with superior energy storage performance.

The co-sintered phosphor of cerium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG:Ce) and aluminum nitride (AlN) is a promising material for next-generation light-emitting diode lighting applications. Despite AlN’s excellent thermal conductivity, its high sintering temperature and surface reactivity limit its industrial use in co-sintered phosphors, and effective methods to improve its sinterability without compromising properties remain underexplored. In this study, the sinterability of the AlN and YAG:Ce composite is improved by coating AlN particles with a soluble carbon material (SCM) prior to sintering. SCM coating leads to a 6.75% increase in photoluminescence (PL) intensity under 15 W laser excitation and a 6.85% improvement in thermal conductivity, which suppresses thermal quenching. The enhanced thermal conductivity also minimizes PL decay over time, thereby maintaining high luminosity for extended periods. Furthermore, the hardness and handling properties of the obtained sintered body are significantly improved, with hardness increasing by 112.3% when SCM-coated AlN is used. Notably, the SCM does not remain in the final product, as it is fully removed during sintering, leaving no impurities or adverse effect on the material’s properties. Given its ability to easily and uniformly coat ceramic particles, SCM coating holds promise for broader application in enhancing the sinterability and performance of various ceramic-based materials.

In this study, a composite material based on agricultural waste coconut shells was successfully developed as an efficient, lightweight, and sustainable electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorber. Specifically, coconut shells were used as the raw material, and a simple one-step activation charring process was employed to obtain coconut shell porous carbon (CSPC). ZnFe2O4 with a hollow spherical structure was then in situ grown on the surface of CSPC, resulting in a special ZnFe2O4/ CSPC composite material. Due to its unique hollow structure, porous characteristics, and heterogeneous interfaces, the composite material achieved optimized impedance matching, leading to excellent EMW absorption performance. The fabricated ZnFe2O4/ CSPC composite demonstrated a minimum reflection loss ( RLmin) of − 37.32 dB at 10.80 GHz and an effective absorption bandwidth of 2.40 GHz at a thickness of only 2.0 mm. SEM and TEM analyses confirmed that the composite possessed a hollow and porous structure, while the BET specific surface area was measured at 133.709 m2 g⁻1. Based on the synergistic effects of ZnFe2O4 and CSPC, dielectric losses, magnetic losses, and impedance matching, the potential EMW absorption mechanisms were proposed. The ZnFe2O4/ CSPC composite material prepared in this study was a novel, green, and sustainable EMW absorber.

In this study, C.I. Pigment Blue 15:3, an organic phthalocyanine based pigment, was used as a precursor to synthesize activated carbon/copper/copper oxide composite through a carbonization and activation process. The resulting composite was investigated to evaluate the potential use as a hybrid capacitor electrode of supercapacitor and pseudo-capacitor. Precursor was pre-treated at 600 °C, followed by activation at 750 °C using alkaline activating agents (KOH and K2CO3). Neutral ZnCl2 activating agent was also used for activation at 700 °C without pre-treatment to compare the electrochemical performance. The KOH activated sample exhibited the presence of Cu, CuO, and Cu2O in XRD and XPS analysis results and it also showed a highest specific surface area of 2731 m2/ g and well-developed 0.7–2.0 nm micropores, enhancing ion adsorption in K2SO4 electrolyte. Electrochemical tests revealed that PB_KOH exhibited the highest capacitance, outperforming commercial Norit Carbon at various current densities, due to its Cu/CuO/Cu2O/activated carbon composite structure. These findings highlight its strong potential as a high-performance supercapacitor electrode material.

Capacitive deionization (CDI) represents a novel technology for the desalination and purification of seawater. Selecting the appropriate electrode material is crucial, with carbon electrodes frequently employed owing to their high specific surface area, extensive porous structure, and environmentally sustainable nature. This study presents a nitrogen-doped porous carbon, derived from household waste, which demonstrates outstanding electrochemical and desalination performance. The purified chitosan was mixed with a specific ratio of CaCO3 and carbonized at 800 °C to produce chitosan porous carbon (CPC-T). To verify the role of the templating agent, its performance was compared with chitosan porous carbon (CPC) prepared by direct carbonization. CPC-T possesses more mesoporous structures (31.25%), shortening ion transport pathways and significantly enhancing charge transfer rates. The nitrogen-rich doping (8.65 at%) provides numerous active sites and excellent conductivity, making it highly appropriate for capacitive deionization applications. Compared to CPC prepared without a templating agent, CPC-T has a higher specific capacitance (101.5 F g− 1 at a scan rate of 2 mV s− 1) and good cycling stability. The CDI cell made from it exhibits a salt adsorption capacity (SAC) of 25.8 mg g− 1 for 500 mg L− 1 NaCl solution at an applied voltage of 1.4 V, retaining 88% capacity after 50 adsorption–desorption cycles, demonstrating excellent desalination regeneration performance. Additionally, among different concentrations of salt solutions, the CPC-T material shows the best desalination performance for the test solution at a concentration of 500 mg L− 1. For different solute ions, the CDI cell with this material as the electrode exhibits excellent desalination performance for Ca2+, with a SAC value of up to 34.02 mg g− 1. This is a self-doped porous carbon material that significantly outperforms traditional carbon-based materials.

Marine biomass (MB) offers an environmentally friendly and readily available carbon source from the ocean. However, the high concentration of alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) in MB typically reduces the carbon yield and inhibits micropore formation during heat treatment due to catalytic gasification. In this study, we successfully synthesized activated carbon (AC) with a high specific surface area (> 1,500 m2/ g) and significant mesopore content (60%, mean pore size: 3.4 nm) from MB by employing preheating, controlled acid purification, and CO₂ activation. The formation of mesopores in the MB-derived AC was driven by catalytic gasification induced by intrinsic and residual AAEMs during preheating and physical activation processes. We evaluated the potential of the MB-derived AC as an electrode material for electric doublelayer capacitors (EDLCs). The material demonstrated high specific capacitance values of 25.9 F/g and 29.4 F/g at 2.7 V and 3.3 V, respectively, during charge–discharge cycles. These high capacitance values at elevated voltages were attributed to the increased number of solvated ions (e.g., 1.93 mmol/g at 3.3 V) present in the mesopores. Fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance (19F solid-state NMR) analysis revealed a substantial increase in solvated ion concentration within the mesopores of the MB-derived AC electrode at 3.3 V, demonstrating enhanced ion mobility and diffusion. These findings highlight the potential of MB-derived AC as a promising electrode material for high-voltage energy storage applications.

Developing advanced anode materials is one of the effective strategies to enhance the electrochemical performance of sodiumion batteries (SIBs). Herein, inspired by the biological central nervous system structure, we report a facile and efficient strategy to fabricate the three-dimensional hierarchical neural network-like carbon architectures, where the glucose-derived hard carbon (HC) nanospheres are in situ assembled and embedded in carbon nanotube (CNT) network nanostructure (HC/CNT hybrid networks). The HC nanospheres with large carbon interlayer spacing help to decrease the diffusion length of sodium ions and the interconnected CNT networks enable the rapid electron transfer during charge/discharge process. Benefiting from these structure merits, the as-made HC/CNT hybrid networks can deliver a superior rate capacity of 162 mA h g− 1 at the current density of 5 A g− 1. Additionally, it exhibits excellent cycling performance with a capacity retention rate of 86.3% after 140 cycles. This work offers a promising candidate anode material for SIBs and a new prospect towards carbon-based composites design, simultaneously.

Due to the special nature of the rotary type dust remover operating close to a river, more than 80% of the parts that make up the device are made of stainless steel. Stainless steel material is applied to the parts. In addition, sufficient rigidity is required, so the dimensions of the members that affect rigidity, including thickness, are applied excessively, resulting in a large weight. As a result, resistance increases during operation, lowering operating efficiency, and production and maintenance are costly and time-consuming, and maintainability is poor. In particular, when the rake blade is damaged, drainage by the pump cannot be smoothly achieved due to inoperability or performance degradation due to interference with other parts, which can cause serious damage to life and property due to flooding. Accordingly, in this study, a carbon material rake was developed to replace the existing stainless steel rake, and research was conducted to improve and optimize the problems of the existing rake.

친환경적인 전기자동차, 전기 추진 선박, 하이브리드 자동차, 전철 등의 구성 요소 중 기존 파워 디바이스에서 사용 중인 실리 콘(Si)을 실리콘 카바이드(SiC, silicon carbide)로 대체하려는 연구가 진행 중이다. 고품질의 SiC 결정 성장을 시키기 위해 다양한 방법 중 상 부 종자 용액 성장(top seeded solution growth, TSSG)법이 큰 주목을 받고 있다. 그러나 SiC 결정 성장 시, 느린 성장 속도뿐만 아니라 많은 결함을 갖는 문제를 갖고 있다. 그래서 본 연구에서는 SiC 단결정을 성장 시키는 TSSG법의 개선을 위한 기초 연구를 진행하였다. 기존에 많이 사용되는 Si, Si0.6Cr0.4 용융 물질와 탄소 도가니와 관계를 가열 온도에 따른 접촉각과 자연 냉각 후 시료의 단면의 차이점을 통해 비 교 분석하였다. 젖음성 분석 시험 장비를 이용하여 탄소 도가니로 쓰이는 카본판 위에 Si과 Si0.6Cr0.4를 놓고 가열 및 용융 시키며 접촉각의 변화를 측정하였고, 가열 종료 후 자연 냉각된 시료의 단면을 관찰하였다. 결과적으로 1800 ℃에서 Si, Si0.6Cr0.4와 탄소판 간의 접촉각이 10°정도 차이를 나타냈다. 단면 관찰에서는 Si의 경우, 탄소판 안으로 스며든 후 굳은 모습을 확인할 수 있었다. 반면, Si0.6Cr0.4의 경우는 탄 소판 안으로 스며든 범위가 훨씬 더 적게 나타냈다. 본 연구의 결과는 TSSG법을 활용한 SiC 단결정 성장을 위한 연구의 기초 자료로 활용 될 것으로 기대된다.

The raw material selected for this research was Brazil chestnut shells (BCs), which were utilized to gain porous carbon as a positive electrode for lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs). The effects of N/S co-doped on the electrochemical properties of porous carbon materials were studied using thiourea as nitrogen and sulfur sources. The experimental results indicate that the N/S co-doped carbon materials have a higher mesopore ratio than the undoped porous carbon materials. The porous carbon material NSPC-2 has a lotus-like structure with uniform pore distribution. The N and S doping contents are 2.5% and 5.4%. The prepared N/S co-doped porous carbon materials were combined with S, respectively, and three kinds of sulfur carbon composites were obtained. Among them, the composite NSPC-2/S can achieve the initial specific discharge capacity of 1018.6 mAh g− 1 at 0.2 C rate. At 1 C rate, the initial discharge capacity of the material is 730.6 mAh g− 1, and the coulomb efficiency is 98.6% and the capacity retention rate is 71.5% after 400 charge–discharge cycles.

탄소섬유 강화 플라스틱 (Carbon fiber reinforced plastics, CFRP)은 고함량의 탄소섬유 (Carbon fiber, CF)와 고분자로 이루어진 복합재료로서, 뛰어난 기계적 성능으로 항공우주, 자동차, 토목 등 다 양한 산업 분야에서 사용되고 있다. 하지만 사용량 증가에 따른 폐기물의 환경문제와 추출한 재활용 탄소섬유 (Recycled carbon fiber, rCF)의 적용 가능 분야의 한계로 인해 재활용이 제한적인 실정이 다. 본 연구에서는 rCF와 CF 혼입 시멘트계 전자파 복합재를 제작하여 그 성능을 비교 분석하기 위 한 실험을 수행하였다. 구성재료는 시멘트, 잔골재, 고성능 감수제를 사용하였으며, 비교 분석을 위해 CF와 rCF를 각각 6 mm, 12 mm 길이를 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0 wt.% 함량으로 사용하였다. 전자파 복합 재의 흡수 성능 향상을 위해 각각 다른 함량의 다층 구조를 형성하였으며, 전자파 투과를 낮은 함량에 서 높은 함량 방향이 되도록 측정을 진행하였다. 전자파 차폐성능은 재령 28일 이후 네트워크 분석기 를 사용하여 자유 공간에서 측정하였으며, C-band (4~8 GHz)와 X-band (8~12 GHz) 주파수 영역 에서의 반사율과 투과율을 각각 측정하였다.

In recent times, there has been a significant demand for supercapacitors in energy storage applications due to their rapid charging– discharging capabilities, high power density, and excellent stability. Nevertheless, the synthesis of electrode materials with a substantial surface area, exceptionally high porosity, and superior electrochemical performance is still challenging. Activated carbons with a distinctive porous structure and exceptional electrochemical properties emerged as promising electrode materials for supercapacitors. In this study, we used a porous activated carbon (PAC) derived from petroleum coke followed by KOH activation as an efficient anodic electrode material. The ultra-high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of 2105.6 m2 g− 1 with stacked layers of carbon atoms arranged in a two-dimensional hexagonal structure makes the PAC an efficient candidate for a supercapacitor electrode. The PAC delivers a specific capacitance of 470 F g− 1 at a current density of 0.5 A g− 1 over a potential window of 0 to −1 V. The excellent cycling stability in a three-electrode setup with a capacitance retention of ⁓98% even at a high current density of 10 A g− 1 makes the PAC a potential anodic electrode material for high-performance supercapacitor applications.

Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are promising materials for the construction of energy devices, particularly organic solar cells. In the electrospinning process, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) has been utilized to generate nanofibers, which is the simplest and most popular method of creating carbon nanofibers (CNFs) followed by carbonization. The CNFs are coated on stainless steel (SS) plates and involve an electropolymerization process. The prepared Cu, CNF, CNF–Cu, PANI, PANI–Cu, CNF–PANI, and CNF–PANI–Cu electrode materials’ electrical conductivity was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte solution. Compared to others, the CNF–PANI–Cu electrode has higher conductivity that range is 3.0 mA. Moreover, the PANI, CNF–PANI, and CNF–PANI–Cu are coated on FTO plates and characterized for their optical properties (absorbance, transmittance, and emission) and electrical properties (CV and Impedance) for organic solar cell application. The functional groups, and morphology-average roughness of the electrode materials found by FT–IR, XRD, XPS, SEM, and TGA exhibit a strong correlation with each other. Finally, the electrode materials that have been characterized serve to support and act as the nature of the hole transport for organic solar cells.

In this research, reduced graphene oxide/polypyrrole (rGO/PPy) particles were synthesized and used to measure the amount of dopamine (DA) electrochemically. The obtained rGO/PPy particle was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR), UV–Visible Spectrophotometer (UV–Vis), and X-Ray Diffraction Diffractometry (XRD). To investigate the DA sensor performance, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were used to acquire electrochemical measurements of the sensor. Current values of 1.65 and 5.9 mA were observed in the CV at 0.2 mM and 1.2 mM concentrations of target molecule, respectively. Under optimized conditions, the linear calibration plots were found to exhibit significant sensitivity in the linear range of 0.2 and 1.2 mM, with a corresponding detection limit of 0.061 μM for DA. The results obtained were similar to the sensor results of DA made using precious metals. This work was a demonstration of the feasibility of high-sensitivity electrochemical analysis with conductive carbon materials without the use of precious metals. It was also observed that the cost-effective rGO/PPy exhibited a very high potential for DA detection.

Energy storage for sustainable development and progress of power production industries is vitally important. The energy storage devices are under extensive research from last three decades to ensure the hand-on-hand coordination with power supply phenomenon and to reduce the energy loses in lines. The cost-effective materials are still highly demanding as an electrode material for energy storage devices. Biomass-derived carbon materials are best candidates due to their low cost, relatively high abundance, pollution-free nature. Here, we are reporting a facile two-step green approach to convert Himalayan horse chestnuts (HHCNs) into activated carbon materials. In first step, grinding and pyrolysis of the HHCNs were carried out, and then activation was performed using KOH to enhance the pore density and surface area. HHCNs-derived carbon was utilized as an electrode in electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) with 1 M H2SO4 as an electrolyte. The macroporous structure along with hierarchical porous network acts as an efficient source of transportation of charges across the electrode and separator. Cyclic voltammetry test was taken from 10 to 100 mV/s current and within a range of 0–1 V applied potential; approximately rectangular CV shown mirror response towards current and shown typical EDLCs properties. The proximate analysis confirms the presence of heteroatoms like sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen which act as carbon dopants. The wettability of HHCNs-derived carbon enhanced due to the various types of oxygen functionalities inherited from the lignin skeletal part. The nitrogen content is primarily responsible for the pseudo-capacitive behavior of HHCNs-codoped carbon. HHCNs-derived activated carbon materials has emerged as a promising electrode material for energy storage applications.