Yellow-fleshed "Sweet Gold" kiwifruit on Jeju Island were studied to examine how irrigation and soil moisture control affected changes in photosynthetic traits and fruit quality during fruit maturation (120 to 170 days after full bloom). Concerning photosynthetic characteristics, the photosynthetic rate decreased by 10-19%, stomatal conductance by 24-47%, and transpiration rate by 8-25%, when compared to conventional irrigation, as irrigation was reduced and soil moisture content decreased. Fruit weight showed a tendency to increase until harvest, and while a lower soil moisture content led to a less pronounced increase in fruit weight, this difference was not statistically significant. The dry matter rate exhibited a similar trend to the change in fruit weight. Sugar content demonstrated a continuous increase after 130 days, with lower irrigation amounts resulting in higher levels of sugar content due to decreased soil moisture. The Hue value (h°) exhibited a continuous decrease after 140 days from full bloom, correlating with declining soil moisture content. After 130 days from full bloom, soluble sugar content increased rapidly while starch content gradually decreased after 150 days from full bloom. However, with conventional irrigation, the increase in soluble sugar content tended to be less noticeable. This study confirmed that in yellow-fleshed ‘Sweet Gold’ kiwifruit, managing irrigation and soil moisture reduction during the ripening period can lead to decreased fruit weight but increased dry matter, sugar content, and expression of flesh color, ultimately enhancing fruit quality and expediting ripening.

This study was conducted to apply with an air duct for the cooling and a utilizing cultivating method that uses the fruiting node and the defoliation to the high-temperature vertical and hydroponic cultivation of the oriental melon. The lower fruiting node (LF) was to remove all third vines generated from 5 nodes of a secondary vine. The higher fruiting node (HF) was fruiting on the third vine generated from a first node of the third vine. The direction of the stem string; upward (UW), downward (DW). Four treatment conditions were applied with the LF-UW, LF-DW, HF-UW (control), and HF-DW. The leaf age of melon leaves was measured for photosynthesis at 3 days intervals, and the fruit characteristic was conducted on 79 fruits in each treatment. The photosynthesis rate steadily increased after leaf development, reaching 20.8 μmol CO2·m-2·s-1 on the 10 days, gradually increasing to 21.3 μmol CO2·m-2·s-1 on the 19 days, and reaching 23.4 μmol CO2·m-2·s-1 on the 32 days. After that, it lowered to 16.8 μmol CO2·m-2·s-1 on the 38 days and dropped significantly to 7.6 μmol CO2·m-2·s-1 on the 47 days. As a result of the fruit characteristics by fruiting nodes, the treatments of the fruit length was 12.6-13.4 cm, respectively, which was significant, and the fruit width was 7.9- 8.6 cm, respectively, was not significant. The soluble content ranged from 12.9 to 15.7°Brix, and the significance of all treatments, and higher than of LF-DW and HF-UW. The photosynthesis rate of melon leaves was good until 32 days after leaf development, but after that, the rate decreased. As for fruit quality, it was conformed that melons can be cultivated at the LF because the fruit enlargement and soluble content dose not decrease even when set at the LF. Results indicated that those can be used for LF and defoliation in the development of vertical and hydroponic cultivation method in high-temperature season.

This study was carried out determination of characteristics of leaf and fruit of 13 astringent persimmon (Diospyros kaki) cultivars cultivated in Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. In leaf size, Deabonggam was smaller than that of other astringent persimmon cultivars, however, Dansungsi and Bansi were largest compared to other persimmon cultivars. Fruit width size of Sancheong Deabonggam and Bansi were the biggest. And fruit width size was the biggest in Sancheong Deabonggam. When same cultivars as Dansungsi and Godongsi were cultivated at other regions, it was not somewhat different in fruit weight. The size of fruits of the cultivar varied depending on the maturation of the fruits. In immature fruit, Curigam and Susi cultivars were the biggest and these cultivars were also were the biggest in mature-green fruit. In full ripe fruit, Hamyang Daebonggam and Hadong Daebonggam and Daeheakmu were bigger than that of other cultivars. When the astringent persimmon varieties collected in July were divided into three clusters, group A had a higher leaf area and the lightest fruit weight than the other clusters. In cluster C, the leaf area was small, but the fruit weight was classified as heavier than the other clusters. This study is expected to be widely used for breeding, conservation and processing of sweet persimmons.

Recently, the incidence of cardiovascular diseases including high blood pressure and heart disease has increased with increased meat consumption in Korea. This study was performed to determine the optimal mixing ratio among ratios of 0, 1:0, 0:1, 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2 of mulberry leaf powder to mulberry fruit powder based on the anti-inflammatory effects. Then, the quality characteristics of the sauce for meat prepared with different mixing ratios (0, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5) of mulberry leaf powder to mulberry fruit powder were assessed. The inhibitory effects of ML2MF1 (2:1 ratio of mulberry leaf powder to mulberry fruit powder) on NO and TNF-α production were superior to those of other mixing ratios. With respect to color values of the sauce for meat prepared with different mixing ratio of mulberry leaf powder to mulberry fruit powder, as the mulberry fruit powder mixing ratios was increased, redness was increased but lightness and yellowness were decreased. The sensory evaluation of ML1MF5S (1:5 ratio of mulberry leaf powder to mulberry fruit powder) sauce for meat showed the highest score with respect to color, smell, taste, harmony with meat and the overall preference. In conclusion, as the mulberry leaf powder mixing ratio was increased, the anti-inflammatory activities were increased. But sensory evaluation scores were increased as the mulberry fruit powder mixing ratio was increased. Therefore, by performing further study, the method to increase mulberry leaf powder in the mixing ratio for improving the sensory evaluation should be provided.

The study was conducted to obtain basic information for breeding Korean black raspberry(Rubus coreanus Miq.) by evaluating leaf, fruiting and fruit characteristics. The analysis of variance for all leaf characteristics from fourteen populations showed a s

구기(枸杞) 신조예취(新梢刈取)가 경엽(莖葉) 및 과실(果實) 수량(收量)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)하고자 1991년부터 1992년 까지 청양종(靑陽種)을 공시(供試)하여 시험(試驗)을 수행(遂行)하였던 바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 구기자(枸杞子) 생육시기별(生育時期別) 지상부(地上部) 건물중(乾物重)(잎, 줄기) 변화(變化)를 보면 7월(月) 중순(中旬)에 최대치(最大値)를 기점(起點)으로 후기(後期)부터 감소(減少)하고 지상부(地上部) 건물중(乾物重) 중(中) 구기엽(枸杞葉) 6월(月) 하순(下旬)에 최대치(最大値)에 이르다가 急激(급격)히 감소(減少)하였으며 구기경(枸杞莖)은 생육초기(生育初期)부터 완만히 증가(增加)하였다. 2. 착과수(着果數)는 주지(主枝), 2차분지(次分枝)보다 1차분지(次分枝)가 많아 1차(次) 분지(分枝)를 많이 발생(發生)토록 하는 전지(剪枝) 방법(方法)이 연구(硏究)되어야 할 것으로 사료(思料)되었다. 3. 구기엽(枸杞葉)은 5, 6, 7월(月)에 채취(採取)하는 것이 신초장(新梢長), 분지수(分枝數)가 많았고 건조비율(乾燥比率)이 낮아서 품질(品質)이 좋을것으로 사료(思料)되었다. 4. 구기엽(枸杞葉) 채취회수(採取回數)가 늘어날수록 구기자(枸杞子)(과실(果實))수량(收量)은 감수(減收)되었고 구기엽(枸杞葉) 건물수량(乾物收量)은 증가(增加)하였으나 구기자(枸杞子)(과실(果實)) 생산수량(生産收量)을 고려할시(時)는 구기엽(枸杞葉) 채취(採取) 회수(回數)를 3회(回)이내 까지 채취(採取)하는 것이 유리(有利)할 것으로 사료(思料)되었다.