연구내용은 마 재배에 적합한 유기물 및 화학비료 시용량을 검토하였으며, 생육기간 동안 마 생장량, 무기성분 및 allantoin 함량의 변화 등을 조사한 결과이다. 마 재배시 유기물시용 효과 단마의 괴경 수량은 화학비료를 줄여 시용할 경우 감소하였는데, 질소시비량이 높은 관행재배(43-28-32 kg/10a, 퇴비 3톤)에서 2,058 kg/10a의 수량을 보인데 비해 화학비료를 시용하지 않고 10톤의 유기물만 시용한 시험구와 유기물 없이 관행시비량의 반량(22-14-16 kg/10a)을 시비한 시험구는 각각 1,322 kg, 1,404 kg/10a로 수량이 감소하였다. 비료를 배량 증시할 경우 시비량 증가에 따른 수량증수 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 유기물 시용과 경운방법에 따른 생육과 수량 비교 유기물만을 시용하여 단마를 재배할 경우 일반적인 쟁기 경운에서는 10톤/10a 이상을 사용하여야 기준시비량 처리구의 86%의 수량을 확보할 수 있었으며, 트렌쳐심경 재배에서는 유기물 10톤/10a 처리에서 기준시비량 처리구의 95%의 수량을 확보하는 효과가 있었다. 질소와 칼리비료 시비량 개선 시험 질소 시비량에 따른 마 지하부 특성 및 수량은 단마와 장마 모두 질소 32kg/10a에서 최고를 보였으며, 마 밭의 적정 질소시비 수준은 최대수량을 보이는 시비수준의 85%인 27kg/10a로 판단되었다. 칼리 비료의 시비량은 마의 수량에 유의적인 영향을 미치지 않았다. 마의 생장변화와 식물체내 무기성분 변화 마의 지하부 생육은 정식 후 3개월 정도 경과 후 괴경 비대가 급속히 이루어졌으며, 생육기간 중 식물체내에 흡수되는 영양분의 요소별 흡수는 괴경 비대가 시작되는 7월 중순경부터 생체 및 건물 중의 증가와 동시에 증가하는 경향이었다. 생육 기간중 allantoin 함량변화 생육 기간중 allantoin 함량은 지상부생육이 활발한 7~8월경으로 주로 지상부에 많이 포함되어 있으며, 지하부 괴경의 allantoin 함량축적에 따른 마 수확적기는 10월 이후가 적당하며 질소시비량에 따른 allantoin 함량은 큰 차이가 없었다.

Shoot tips of chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) were cultured on MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L BA to produce micro-tubers in vitro. To stimulate the formation of shoots and micro-tubers, and produce large micro-tubers, the sections of micro-tubers were cultured on MS media with BA and IAA. The shoot multiplication, and the micro-tuber formation and growth were very effective on the media containing 2.0 mg/L BA and 0.5~1.0 mg/L IAA. Sucrose added to MS medium with 2.0 mg/L BA and 0.5 mg/L IAA to stimulate more micro-tuber growth. The medium added 50 g/L sucrose was very effective in the increase of plant fresh weight and micro-tuber growth. After 4 weeks' culture of micro-tuber sections on the medium with 2.0 mg/L BA, 0.5 mg/L IAA and 50 g/L sucrose, the liquid media were added into the same vessels. The micro-tuber growth was stimulated remarkably by the addition of liquid medium. The addition of 25 ml liquid medium containing 10 g/L activated charcoal, 3x MS salts and 250 g/L sucrose was the most effective in micro-tuber growth.

The study was carried out to evaluate the affect of proton beam radiation on production of bulbil and tuber including change of endogenous gibberellins, of Dioscorea opposita Thunb. The yield of bulbils and tubers from non- and irradiated D. opposita Thunb at doses of 5, 10, 15 and 20 Gy were determined. Endogenous gibberellins were also quantified by GC/MS analysis. D. opposita tubers irradiated at 15 Gy produced higher bulbil production than non-irradiated plants. Enlarged bulbil (above size diameter 4 mm) was significantly increased at 15 Gy. Bioactive endogenous GA4 was dominant in bulbils and tubers irradiated with proton beam rather than GA1 . Major gibberellins biosynthetic pathways in bulbils and tubers of D. opposita plants were non C-13 hydroxylation route. From the results of this study, 15 Gy proton beam radiation was suggested as an optimal dose that can produce high amounts of bulbil for mass production of D. opposita plant.

The survival rate and thermal, crystal, and physicochemical properties of starches in chinese yam tubers irradiated to proton beam were determined. Survival rate was decreased with increased proton beam irradiation. Amylose content of D. opposita starches from different proton beam ranged from 13.2% to 17.8%. D. opposita starch at 5 Gy showed the highest δHgel values (12.0 J/g) while D. opposita starch at 25 Gy showed the lowest values (10.1 J/g). Several parameters such as PKV (peak viscosity), HPV (Hot peak viscosity) and CPV (Cooling peak viscosity) decreased with the increase in irradiation dose. The degrees of crystallinity of the D. opposita starches at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 Gy were 37.2, 38.3, 38.9, 39.2 and 39.9%, respectively. It might be deduced that proton beam irradiation causes changes of starch, especially at high dose irradiation.

둥근마 기내 식물체의 증식을 위해서는 고체배지보다 액체배지에서 액아수, 초장, 생체중, 괴경형성의 수가 높아 기내식물체 증식에 효과적이었다. 배지의 무기염류 농도는 MS 기본 염류의 배지에서 액아수와 생체중이 각각 28.8개, 3.6 g로 기본 염류의 양을 반으로 줄이거나 두 배로 늘인 배지에서보다 높았다. 당원으로는 sucrose가 glucose 보다 더 효과적이었고, sucrose의 농도는 60 g·L-1에서 액아수와 괴경형성수가 가장 높아 효율적이었다. 질소원은 NH4NO3와 KNO3의 조성 비율이 1×½인 것이 다른 처리에 비해 생육이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 배지내 수소이온 농도는 pH 4.8 ~ 6.8 범위내에서 pH간에 뚜렷한 유의 차이를 보이지 않았다. 생장시기별 생장량에 있어서 엽수, 마디수 및 초장은 접종후 2주부터 5주까지 급격히 증가하고 12주까지는 서서히 증가하는 유사한 경향을 보였다. 반면, 생체중은 접종 3주에서 11주까지 꾸준하게 증가하여 최고치에 달했다. 괴경은 접종 2주부터 형성되기 시작하여, 5~8주 사이에 높은 증가율을 가지며 11주에 최고 형성수가 되었다.

The starch properties of two chinese yams were evaluated in this study. Amylose content ranged 13.5% to 19.3%. The swelling power of starches varied 10.98% to 11.43%. Water binding capacity in chinese yam starches ranged 93.46% to 107.21%, high WBC was observed in Ma 1. The onset temperature (To) of two chinese yam starches ranged 62.9 to 75.0~circC , peak temperature (Tp) ranged 76.2 to 84.7~circC . The PHI(peak height index) was about 4-fold higher in Anwon cultivar than in Ma 1 cultivar. SEM revealed that starches has a presence of large oval or spherical to small irregular-shape granules. Starch granule size ranged 15.23 to 15.52 ~mum , showing a typical C-type X-ray pattern.

For storage periods of tubers in Chinese yam, the levels of ~textrmGA44 and ~textrmGA20 was constant, meanwhile both ~textrmGA53 and ~textrmGA19 level were always higher than that of ~textrmGA44 and ~textrmGA20 ㆍ ~textrmGA9 content as precursor of ~textrmGA4 was not changed during storage. ~textrmGA24 content was low to below 0.2 ng for 90 days after storage, ~textrmGA36 content as precursor of ~textrmGA4 like ~textrmGA9 was about 6-8 fold higher than that of ~textrmGA9 during storage. GA contents of the two gibberellin biosynthetic pathways were gradually increased when storage periods were progressed. Bioactive GA1 content as the GA members of an early C-13 hydroxylation was always constant, and its content was very low as below 0.1ng per dry weight, meanwhile, bioactive ~textrmGA4 content as the GA members of non C-13 hydroxylation was drastically increased, also, its content was highest at 90 days after storage, and then decreased at 120 days after storage. Consequently, we suggest that ~textrmGA4 may be involved in controlling tuber sprouting in Chinese yam.

The metabolism of [14~textrmC ] ~textrmGA12 in the Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb. var. Tsukune) was examined to determine the identification of endogenous gibberellins. [14~textrmC ] ~textrmGA12 was metabolized to ~textrmGA53 , ~textrmGA44 , ~textrmGA19 , ~textrmGA20 , ~textrmGA1 , ~textrmGA8 , ~textrmGA15 , ~textrmGA24 , ~textrmGA9 , ~textrmGA36 and ~textrmGA4 . Radioactivity of GAs in non C-13 hydroxylation route was five-fold higher than that of early C-13 hydroxylation in analyzed GA-metabolites. Radioactivity of ~textrmGA4 was always four times higher than that of ~textrmGA1 at every feeding time. ~textrmGA1 radioactivity has always a lower level to below 200 DPM. The major pathway of endogenous GA metabolism in seedlings of the Chinese yam might be the non C-13 hydroxylation pathway.

Endogenous ABA and batatasins were first quantified in the stored tubers and bulbils of the Chinese yam, Dioscorea opposita Thunb. cv. 'Tsukune' by GC-MS with comparison of internal standard, and sugar content was also analyzed by HPLC with comparison of external standard. Endogenous ABA content in stored tubers and bulbils was rapidly decreased as storage period prolonged. ABA content of the bulbils was always higher than that of tuber during storage periods. All batatasins of stored tubers and bulbils at 30 days after storage decreased steadily compared to 120 days after storage. On the contrary, batatasin-Ⅲ of the stored tuber and bulbils was only decreased at 60 days after storage. In Dioscorea opposita Thunb. cv. 'Tsukune' like D. japonica, D. alata, and D. bulbifera, may be controlled by endogenous batatasins and ABA, In these compounds, batatasins rather than ABA might be closely related to dormancy-inducing compound during dormancy of the Chinese yam, Dioscorea opposita Thunb. cv. Tsukune.

단마의 종근부위에 따른 수량성을 밝혀 적정 종근부위를 확인하고 새로운 지주설치 방법이 단마와 장마의 수량 및 생육에 미치는 영향을 구명하여 다수확 재배기술을 확립코자 수행한 실험의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 출현기는 동부과 미부가 노두나 두부에 비하여 15일 정도 늦고, 출현율은 동부에서 다소 낮은 경향이였다. 2. 종근부위별 지상부의 생육은 두부가 가장 왕성하였고 지하부의 생육은 두부와 미부가 가장 왕성하였다. 3. 10a당 수량은 노두에 비하여 두부와 미부가 각각 16, 15% 증수를 보였으나 동부는 8%의 증수를 보였다. 4. 개화기와 영여자착생기는 모든지주설치 방법에서 비슷하였으나 지상부 생체중은 관행지주법에서 보다 네트를 이용한 Λ, I형 지주에서 높았다. 5. 단마는 지주형에 따라 큰 수량의 차이를 보이지 않았으나 장마는 Λ, I형 지주에서 각각 11.8%의 증수를 보였다. 6. 경영비를 고려할 때 네트지주형은 I형이 적합하였다.

To give some information on the harvest and storage of Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita), the experiment was done to examine the effect of its harvesting date and storage method on tuber weight, tuberrelated characters during the storageor at the end of storage. The yam tubers harvested 4 times at 20 days interval from Oct. 15 were stored with different storage methods(pit, room and cold temperature) and on Mar.15. all the characters were measured. Fresh weight of the tuber harvestedafter Nov. 5 and stored were greater than that done on Oct. 15 while dry tuber weight did not have any difference between the harvesting dates. The fresh weigth done directly from the field on Mar. 15 was higher compared to the other harvesting dates owing to its higher moisture content. The rate of sound tuber stored at room or cold temperature condition was higher than that at the field at which the rate was greater at the harvest after late nov. compared to the earlier harvests. Although the two storages were similar at sound tuber rates and marketable yield, the tuber weight was more reduced when stored at room temperature than when done at cold temperature . Brightness and value 'b' of chromaticaity realted to the tuber coloring and sugar content were higher but moisture content was lowerwhen harvested on Oct. 15 than the other havesting dates. All the characteristics realted to the marketability after storage were nearly same when stored at room and cold temperature. Value 'a' of chromaticity and sugar content were higher when harvest on Mar. 15 than when harvested before Dec. 15 but the 'b' value and mositure content were reverse results.

본 연구는 한국산 마의 괴근 형태로 분류되는 장마와 단마를 개화기에 꽃의 방향 성분과 정유수율을 비교조사하여 향료로서의 기능성을 검토하기 위하여 실험을 수행하였던 바 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 아래와 같다. 1. 마꽃의 방향 성분은 총 26종이 확인되었으며 지방족 알콜류가 다량분포하여 향료 첨가물이나 향수의 기본재료로의 가능성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 2. 단마는 장마보다 1,2-butyleneglycol은 11배, phenylalcohol은 12배, caproic acid는 28배, cis-3-methylsalicylate는 8배, cinnamic alcohol은 25배, α -hexyl cinnamic acid는 13배, laulic acid는 6배 높은 경향을 보였다. 3. 마꽃 방향 성분의 수율은 0.7%로서 그 이용 가능성이 크며 단마가 0.983%, 장마가 0.417%로 단마가 약 2.4배 수율이 높았다. 4. 마꽃의 방향 성분 조성과 정유성분 수율을 감안할 때 마의 부산물인 마꽃을 향료로서의 이용 가능성이 있다고 판단되었다.