새롭게 도입된 얌빈의 국내 재배기술 확립을 위하여 육묘조건, 적심, 적화, 재식밀도 등의 재배요인에 의한 생장과 수량반응을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 얌빈은 P.E. 하우스내에 전열 온상을 설치하여 평균 22℃로 유지하여 30일(적산온도 650℃) 육묘하면 건전묘 생산이 가능하였다. 트레이 규격에 따른 출현 특성의 차이는 없으며, 셀 크기가 클수록 묘 생장량이 증가하지만 육묘효율, 이식작업의 편의성을 고려하여 128공 트레이가 적합하였다. 7월 하순에서 8월 상순에 120 ㎝ 높이에서 적심을 하면 수량이 23% 가량 많아지며 8월 하순에서 9월 상순 사이에 적화를 하면 괴경수와 괴경중이 증가하여 수량이 32% 가량 많아진다. 50 ㎝×30 ㎝로 정식하였을 때 관행 100 ㎝×30 ㎝보다 수량이 30% 증가하였다. 적심, 적화, 재식밀도 최적조합처리는 무처리에 비해 경제적으로 107%의 이익적인 요소가 발생하였다. 이상의 연구 결과 얌빈의 최적 재배기술 적용을 통해 국내에서 새로운 소득 작목으로서 유망할 것으로 판단된다.

Amaranth (Amaranth caudatus) is attracting attention as a preference crop in Gyeongsangbuk-do province. To determine its growth potential and cultivation requirements, we investigated its growth characteristics, dry matter productivity, and grain yield according to the growing period. Growth and dry matter productivity were significantly higher for plants that were sown on May 10th when the temperature was the highest, whereas the yield was significantly higher for plants that were sown on April 10th. Amaranth grain yield ranged from 96 to 243 kg according to the sowing date and cultivation year. The optimum harvest time for plants that were sown on April 10th, May 10th, and June 10th were 120, 110, and 110 days after seeding, respectively. The mean temperature and growing period had a significant quadratic function with yield. Based on these equations, the optimum growing temperature was estimated as 20.6℃ and the optimum growing period as 104-119 days after seeding.

Background : Unlike Dioscorea japonica or Dioscore opposita, Dioscore alata is a high-temperature crop mainly cultivated in Africa and subtropical regions. Due to recent climate change, its cultivation area is expanding in Korea. In 2016, the Institute for Bioresource Research clarified optimal harvesting stage to increase its tuber yield and ensure safe storability. Methods and Results : As the seed-tubers for this study, Dioscorea alata tubers were cut into a size of 50 g, disinfected with lime powder, dentated on the seed bed with electrothermal wire installed on March 20th, and then planted on the main field on April 15th. The planting distance was 120 ㎝ in width, where the furrows of 90 ㎝ were cladded with black vinyl, in two rows with a column spacing of 25 ㎝. The amounts of applied fertilizers were 2,000 ㎏ compost, 34 ㎏ N2, 28 ㎏ P2O6, and 28 ㎏ K2O. The compost and P2O5 were used in full, where as N2 and K2O were used as original fertilizer 14 (10 ㎏) and additional fertilizer 20 (18 ㎏), respectively. The crop was harvested in six times from September 20th to November 9th, in an interval of 10 days. While harvesting, the ground fresh weight yield and underground tuber yield were investigated. The underground tuber yield was 836, 1,744 and 2,975 ㎏ low at the early harvests on September 20th, 30th, and October 10th, respectively, while it was 3,622, 3,828, 3,818 ㎏ high on October 20th, 30th, and November 9th, respectively. The ground fresh weight yield remained the same. To clarify tuber storability by harvest time, they were stored at 15℃after harvest, and then healthy and corrupt tubers were studied on March 23th. The corruption ratio by harvest time was highest at 39.1% and 29.3% on October 30th and November 9th, respectively, when frost and low temperature damaged harvest. It was 59.0% and 42.8% at the early harvests on September 20th and 30th, respectively. The corruption ratio was lowest on October 20th and October 10th at 29.3% and 39.1%, respectively. Conclusion : Ford. Dioscore alata cultivation, Korea presents a premature and disadvantageous environment with lower temperature and pre-harvest frost at the time of planting. After raising seeding on an electrically heated hot bed, the optimal harvesting stage should be from planting in the middle of April where temperature rises above 1 5℃ to harvesting in the period October 10th - 20th so as to achieve the maximum tuber yield and high storability.

Background : Angelica dahurica is the dried root of Angelica dahurica Bentham et Hooker f., a perennial plant belonging to the Umbelliferae family. Since its peak at 63 hectares in 2000, the cultivated area of Angelica dahurica dropped to its lowest level at 14 hectares in 2014 although there had been a short bounce back to 59 hectares in 2007. The decrease in the cultivated area has created a vicious cycle where even a small change in production amounts causes Angelica dahurica prices to fluctuate, leading farmers to become reluctant to cultivate the species. Therefore, this study aims to provide growers with new information on Angelica dahurica cultivation technology development, based on surveys and analyses of the difficulties and needs the farmers have. Methods and Results : Setting the nationwide Angelica dahurica farming households as the population, this study looked into 11 households of growers from main producing areas including Yeongju, Yeongcheon, and Bonghwa. Researchers carried out the survey by visiting the farmers and conducting face-to-face interviews using a prepared questionnaire. The survey was conducted for 2 months (from July to August 2016) to identify difficulties and specific characteristics of farming Angelica dahurica. SAS 9.2 was used for the statistical analysis. Conclusion : The surveyed types of difficulties identified were varieties, seeding, fertilization, pests, water management, weeding, soil, and drying. The results indicate that seeding (2.2) is the most serious difficulty, and water management (2.5), weeding (3.1), fertilization (3.7), pests (3.9) and others followed. Regarding specific technical problems, browning roots in the process of drying (61.5%) was the biggest concern along with germination after seeding (23.1%) and water management in the fields (15.4%). In response to the question about their willingness to expand farming in the future, no households showed intentions of expansion, while 36.4% reported intentions to reduce and 63.6% to maintain their current Angelica dahurica cultivation. The causes of weakening supply include low prices (54.5%), unreasonable pricing (36.4%), and difficulties in selling due to lack of retailers. Therefore, it seems necessary for the government to support sustainable Angelica dahurica farming by taking measures such as contract farming with herbal medicine circles, a minimum production cost guarantee system, or joint purchasing by the Agricultural Cooperative Association.

Background : study of long yam and short yam (Dioscorea. opposita) are cultivated in temperate regions but tropical yam (Dioscorea alata) are mainly grown in Africa and sub-tropical regions cultivated crops. Recent tropical yam cultivation area of Korea increased but lack the proper cultivation techniques to climate warming. This study was conducted to elucidate the effect of the timely harvest on Tropical yam at 2015 in Institute of Bioresources Research, GBARES. Methods and Results : Tuber of tropical yam were cut as 40 g, and dust-coating sterilized with lime. Seedlings were grown in heating wire installed seed bed from 11. March to 16. May. Experimental field were fertilized 2,000 kg compost, 34 kg N2, 28 kg P2O5, and 28 kg K2O. All amount of compost and P2O5 treated as basal fertilizer. N2 and K2O treated 14 and 10 kg of basal fertilizer, and 20 and 18 kg of additional fertilizer, respectively. Tillage, covering black PE film with 60×25 cm spacing holes on 120 cm row were conducted. Emergence days from 6. April to 18 May until 28 days to 36 days but 15. June and 9. June were each 19 and 7 days. Dry weigh in early stage due to seedling date, while seedling date according from 6. April to 18. May had no difference. seedling date was not effective on total number of tuber but number of marketable tuber (over 200 g). Marketable tuber number of seedling date according to 20. April was increased 35~132% as 4,028 number per 10 a. And tuber with 20. April was 13~73 g heavier. Tuber yield and marketable tuber yield of seedling date as affected by 20. April were respectively 2,518 and 1,273 kg per 10 a compared to 6. April and from 4. May to 15. June as 1,743~2,457 kg and 484~1,027 kg. Conclusion : Tropical yam is low temperature in the cultivation of Korea but also adverse environmental conditions. Frost is not mature enough off before harvesting. Yam had significant increased marketable tuber (over 200 g) yield due to seedling in mid-April Requires cultivation technology.

This study was conducted to elucidate the photosynthetic response to the environment and establish optimum cultivation conditions for the Korean endemic plant, Aster koraiensis. Photosynthetic characteristics according to growth stage, light, CO2, and soil water potential were investigated. During the first year of transplanting, photosynthetic rates were drastically increased until June, after which they slowly declined, During the second year, photosynthetic rates declined throughout the entire growth period. The highest level of light compensation point was shown the early growth stage. Photosynthetic rates affected by intercellular CO2 concentration were maintained or decreased over the CO2 saturation point. The lowest CO2 compensation point was 16.1 μmol･mol -1 during March. The morphological changes of leaves were observed due to shading with chlorophyll contents increasing. Photosynthetic rates were higher at 0% and 50% shading treatments than at 75%. There were rarely any morphological changes of leaves due to soil moisture, however, changes to leaf compactness were observed. Photosynthetic rate, apparent quantum yield, and respiration rate increased, whereas water use efficiency decreased over -25 kPa of soil moisture.

Background : Yam absorbs nutrition and water through water absorptive root generated from head of rhizome. Round-shaped yam (RSY, Dioscorea opposita) and tropical round-shaped yam (TRSY, Dioscorea alata)are more sensitive to drought because of shorter head of rhizome and shallower root compared to long yam or short yam. This study was conducted to elucidate the effect of irrigation on RSY and TRSY yam at 205 in Institute of Bioresources Research, GBARES. Methods and Results : Tuber of RSY and TRSY were cut as 40 g, and dust-coating sterilized with lime. Seedlings were grown in heating wire installed seed bed from 25. March to 16. April. Experimental field were fertilized 2,000 kg compost, 34 kg N2, 28 kg P2O5, and 28 kg K2O. All amount of compost and P2O5 treated as basal fertilizer. N2 and K2O treated 14 and 10 kg of basal fertilizer, and 20 and 18 kg of additional fertilizer, respectively. Tillage, installation of drop-watering tapes, and covering black PE film with 60×25 cm spacing holes on 120 cm row were conducted. 20 L per m2 was irrigated 7 days interval except rainy day from middle of May to late of September. RSY had high emergence rate in early stage due to irrigation, while TRSY had no difference. Irrigation was not effective on total number of tuber but number of marketable tuber (over 200 g). Marketable tuber yield of RSY according to irrigation was increased 89% as 1,147 kg per 10 a. And tuber with irrigation was 73 g heavier. Tuber yield and marketable tuber yield of TRSY as affected by irrigation were respectively 2,611 and 1,715 kg per 10 a compared to control, 1,462 and 428 kg. And irrigated tuber was 66 g heavier. Conclusion : TRSY had more effective on irrigation than RSY. Both of yam had significant increased marketable tuber yield due to irrigation. Therefore RSY and TRSY are necessarily irrigated because of those absorptive characteristics, short head of tuber and shallow root.

‘새단백’은 고단백 다수성 콩 신품종육성을 목표로 ‘보광콩’과 ‘수원193호’를 교배한 계통을 다시 단백질 고함유자원인 ‘MD87L’을 모본으로 하여 1999년에 교배하여 계통육종법으로 육성한 품종으로 2010년 12월 농작물직무육성신품종선정위원회에서 국가목록등재품종으로 선정됨과 동시에 ‘새단백’으로 명명하였다. ‘새단백’의 개화기는 ‘대원콩’보다 3일 늦으며, 성숙기는 10월 5일경으로 7일 빨라 등숙기간이 10일 정도 더 짧다. 경장은 64 cm로 ‘대원콩’보다 다소 작으며 도복에 강하고 불마름병에 저항성이며 바이러스와 종자병해에 강하였으나 뿌리썩음병에는 약한 편이었다. 조단백 함량은 ‘대원콩’보다 8.9% 높은 고단백 품종으로, ‘단백콩’보다 연차간 단백질 함량의 변이가 적고, 두부수율과 순두부응고력이 높으며 두부의 물성이 양호하여 두부 가공적성이 우수하다. ‘새단백’의 종실 100립중은 20.7 g으로 ‘대원콩’보다 약 4 g 가벼우나 ‘단백콩’보다 5.7 g 무거운 중립종이며, 수량성은 2.53 MT/ha로 표준품종인 ‘대원콩’에 비해 9% 감소하였으나 ‘단백콩’과는 비슷하였다.

‘소청2호’는 녹색 자엽의 검정콩으로 내재해성이 우수하고 가공용에 적합한 신품종육성을 목표로 숙기가 매우 늦은 대립 검정콩인 ‘밀양78호’와 소립 내재해 도입종인 ‘Peking’을 1996년 인공교배한 YS1262 조합으로 계통육종법으로 선발하였고 계통명은 ‘밀양182호’이다. 꽃은 백색이고 자엽색은 녹색이며, 입형은 장타원형이며 성숙기가 지나면 협의 개열에는 약하다. 성숙기는 10월 2일로 ‘청자콩’과 같이 다소 빠른 품종이며, 경장은 56 cm로 ‘청자콩’보다 10 cm 짧고 100립의 무게는 12.2 g인 소립인 품종이다. 도복에 강하며 포장 재배시험에서 콩모자이크 바이러스병은 다소 발생하였고, 불마름병에 대한 유묘 접종 및 포장반응은 ‘청자콩’과 비슷하나 약한 편이다. 종실성분으로 조단백 함량은 38.8%로 ‘청자콩’보다 다소 낮았고, 종실의 아이소플라본 함량은 2,031㎍/g으로 ‘청자콩’보다 높았다. 청국장 가공적성에서 ‘일품검정콩’보다 발효 정도는 다소 낮으나, 청국장 수율 및 풍취에서 우하였다. ‘소청2호’의 중남부지역 5개소의 평균 수량성은 ha당 2.00톤으로 ‘청자콩’ 대비 7% 증수하였다.

‘대하 1호’는 대립 내재해 다수성 콩 신품종육성을 목표로, 내재해 다수성 ‘장엽콩’을 모본으로 대립 ‘화엄풋콩’을 부본으로 하여 교배한 것을 다시 다수성 ‘수원192호’를 모본으로 1997년도에 인공교배한 SS97214 조합으로 계통육성법으로 선발하였으며 계통명은 ‘밀양164호’이다. 꽃색은 백색이고 잎모양은 난형이며, 종자모양은 구형이고 종피색과 배꼽색은 황색이며 100립중은 25.4 g으로 ‘태광콩’에 비하여 2.5 g 정도 무거운 대립이다. ‘태광콩’보다 성숙기가 늦어 등숙기간이 2일이 길다. 도복에 강하며, 불마름병과 바이러스에 강하고, 내습성과 뿌리썩음병, 종실의 이병립율은 ‘태광콩’과 비슷하다. ‘태광콩’ 대비 수량성은 생산력검정시험에서 8 %, 지역적응시험에서는 5 % 증수하였으며, 전국 10개소 평균 종실수량은 ha당 2.62톤이다.

‘천상’은 대립 다수성 콩 신품종육성을 목표로, ‘수원190호’를 모본으로 ‘황금콩’을 부본으로 1998년에 인공교배하여, 1999-2000년도에 F1, F2 세대를 양성하고, F3부터 계통 전개하여 선발한 SS98206-41-1-3-1-1 계통으로 계통명은 ‘밀양176호’이다. 주요 특성은 유한신육형으로 화색은 백색이고, 엽형은 피침형이며, 모용색은 회색이다. 종자모양은 구형이고, 종피색과 제색은 황색이다. 개화기는 7월 26일로 ‘태광콩’보다 빠르고 성숙기는 3일 늦어 등숙기간이 7일이 더 길다. 경장은 76 cm로서 ‘태광콩’과 비슷하고 도복에 강하며, 100립중은 24.8 g으로 ‘태광콩’에 비하여 2.0 g 정도 무거운 대립이다. 불마름병에 저항성이며 콩모자이크바이러스와 내한발성은 강하였으나, 내습성과 뿌리썩음병에는 약하였으며, 탈립이 되지 않았다. 조단백질 및 조지방 함량은 ‘태광콩’보다 높았으며, 불포화지방산 비율은 ‘태광콩’과 비슷하였고 함황아미노산과 총 아미노산의 함량이 높았다. 두부수율은 낮으나 두부의 물성이 높았으며, 메주 가공적성은 ‘태광콩’과 비슷하였다. 수량성은 생산력검정시험 결과, 10% 증수되었으며, 지역적응시험에서는, 전국 10개소 평균 ha당 2.34톤으로서 대비품종인 ‘태광콩’ 대비 100%이었다.

‘남풍’은 기계수확이 가능한 다수성 콩 신품종 육성을 목표로 소분지 내재해 다수성 ‘수원190호’를 모본으로 하고 대립 다수성 ‘보광콩’을 부본으로 1997년도에 인공교배하고 세대단축 기간을 거쳐 선발 육성한 기계수확 적성이 우수하고 내병내재해 다수성 품종으로 품종보호권 등록번호는 2660이며 주요특성을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 유한신육형으로 화색은 백색이고 엽형은 피침형이며 모용색은 갈색이다. 종자모양은 구형이고 종피색은 황색이며 배꼽색은 연한갈색