The choice of suitable companion plants is crucial for enhancing pest management strategies in agricultural fields. Riptortus pedestris, an important agricultural pest, has drawn attention for its serious damage on soybean. To identify an ideal companion plant for soybean, we investigated the pest’s behavioral patterns when exposed to corn seedlings in laboratory. Series of choice experiments were conducted for 4th instar nymphs and unmated female adults of R. pedestris when presented with corn and/or soybean pot against soybean or blank pot. In 4th instar nymphs, 56% preferred the treatment of corn pot plus soybean pot over soybean alone pot while 69% of unmated female adults preferred the same combination. These findings provide valuable insights into the behavior of this insect pest, which could be beneficial for establishing polycultures in agricultural fields.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ImmunoSEB as an immune-booster additive on the performance of broiler chicks. A total of 1150 broiler chickens were randomly allotted to three treatments on the basis of body weight (10 pens per treatment with 40 broilers in each pen): the control (CON), CON + ImmunoSEB 0.025% in feed (SEB25), and CON + ImmunoSEB 0.050% in feed (SEB50). The experiment was conducted for d 42 in three phases (phase 1, d 0–14; phase 2, d 15–28; and phase 3, d 29–42). There were significant differences in the average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake. The ADG at d 14 in the SEB50 treatment was greater than that in the CON treatment. The overall ADG in the SEB50 treatment was greater than that in the CON treatment. During d 0–14, the feed intake of chickens in the SEB50 treatment increased compared to that in the CON treatment. The crude protein and lysine digestibility improved in the SEB25 and SEB50 treatments compared to those in the CON treatment at d 28. Superoxide dismutase concentration significantly increased in the SEB50 treatment compared to that in the CON treatment. The interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations were higher in the cecum of chickens in the CON treatment than in the SEB25 and SEB50 treatments. A lower population of E. coli was detected in the ileum and cecum of broilers fed the SEB50 diet compared to those of broilers fed the CON diet. The overall result showed the beneficial effects of using ImmunoSEB at a dose of 0.050% in broiler chickens.

The present study was conducted to examine the effect of soybean silage as a crude protein supplement for corn silage in the diet of Hanwoo steers. The first experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of replacing corn silage with soybean silage at different levels on rumen fermentation characteristics in vitro. Commercially-purchased corn silage was replaced with 0, 4, 8, or 12% of soybean silage. Half gram of the substrate was added to 50 mL of buffer and rumen fluid from Hanwoo cows, and then incubated at 39°C for 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. At 24 h, the pH of the control (corn silage only) was lower (p<0.05) than that of soybeansupplemented silages, and the pH numerically increased along with increasing proportions of soybean silage. Other rumen parameters, including gas production, ammonia nitrogen, and total volatile fatty acids, were variable. However, they tended to increase with increasing proportions of soybean silage. In the second experiment, 60 Hanwoo steers were allocated to one of three dietary treatments, namely, CON (concentrate with Italian ryegrass), CS (concentrate with corn silage), CS4% (concentrate with corn silage and 4% of soybean silage). Animals were offered experimental diets for 110 days during the growing period and then finished with typified beef diets that were commercially available to evaluate the effect of soybean silage on animal performance and meat quality. With the soybean silage, the weight gain and feed efficiency of the animal were more significant than those of the other treatments during the growing period (p<0.05). However, the dietary treatments had little effect on meat quality except for meat color. In conclusion, corn silage mixed with soybean silage even at a lower level provided a greater ruminal environment and animal performances, particularly with increased carcass weight and feed efficiency during growing period.

본 연구는 2018, 2019, 2020년 논에서의 배수 깊이에 따른 식용(일미찰), 사료용 옥수수(광평옥) 그리고 장류콩(대원콩) 및 나물콩(해품콩)에 대한 생육 특성과 수량 구성요소를 비교 검토하고자 수행하였다. 논의 배수로 폭은 80cm로 고정하고 깊이를 20cm과 40cm로 각각 달리하였다. 연차간에 있어서 일미찰은 간장, 착수고, 이삭무게 이삭착립장 및 이삭 수량이 고도의 유의성이 나타났으며, 광평옥도 일미찰과 유사한 반응을 보였다. 배수로 깊이에서는 40cm가 20cm보다 수량이 고도로 유의하게 높았다. 한편, 연차간 해품콩은 간장, 분지, 꼬투리 수, 미 성숙 종자률, 100립 중 및 종실 수량에 고도의 유의한 차이를 보였다. 반면, 대원콩은 간장, 100립중, 수량간에 고도로 유의하였다. 배수로 깊이 간에는 해품콩과 대원콩의 수량은 통계적 유의한 차이는 나지 않았지만 20cm보다 40cm에서 수량이 약간 높았다. 본 연구 결과 옥수수의 수량은 배수로 깊이에서 따라 통계적인 고도 유한 차이를 보였으나 콩은 통계적인 차이는 나타나지 않았으나 40cm이 20cm보다는 높았다. 한편 콩은 미성숙 종자률은 배수로 깊이에 효과적으로 차이를 보였다. 따라서 논에서 옥수수 또는 콩을 재배시 가장자리에 20cm 배수로 보다는 40cm 배수로 설치를 권장한다.

본 연구는 평야지 논토양에서 찰옥수수/콩을 활용한 2모작 재배방법을 개발하기 위한 기초자료로 활용하기 위하여, 2년간 (2019~2020년) 파종시기별 경운방법 및 재식방법에 따른 찰옥수수와 콩의 생육 및 수량 특성을 알아본 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 찰옥수수와 콩의 생육기간 중 토양 수분함량 변화에서 과잉수 정체기간은 쟁기+로터리 처리와 이랑너비가 좁을수록 짧게 조사되어, 쟁기+로터리60 cm 처리구에서 가장 짧았다. 2. 모든 시기의 생육특성 조사에서 찰옥수수는 2차파종 쟁기+로터리60 cm 처리구가 연차간 초장과 경태가 가장 길었고, 엽수도 가장 많았으며, 엽색도도 가장 높았으며, 콩은 1차파종 에서 쟁기+로터리60 cm 처리구가 연차간 모두 초장, 경태, 엽수 및 엽색도의 조사값이 가장 높았다. 3. 찰옥수수 수량에서는 2차파종 쟁기+로터리60 cm 처리구가 연차간 모두 1,245, 1,262 kg/10a 로 가장 많았고, 콩은 1차 파종 쟁기+로터리60 cm 처리구에서 223, 220 kg/10a 로 가장 많았으며, 다음으로 1차파종 쟁기+로터리120 cm · 로터 리60 cm 처리구 및 2차파종에서 쟁기+로터리60 cm 처리구에서 186~210 kg/10a 로 많았다. 4. 생육조사 및 수량평가에서 파종시기와 이랑너비에서 뚜렷한 차이를 보였으며, 평야지 논에서 찰옥수수와 콩 2모작 재 배시 쟁기+로터리하여 60 cm의 고휴에 1열로 찰옥수수는 4월 초에 파종, 콩은 찰옥수수의 수확시기에 맞춘 7월 중순 파종 하여 재배하는 것이 유리할 것으로 생각된다.

This study was conducted to examine the effect of corn (Zea mays L.) - soybean (Glycine max L.) silage prepared by intercropping method on the nutritive value of the silage, in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics, dry matter degradability, as well as milk yield and milk composition of dairy cows. In a couple of experiments intercropped corn-soybean silage (CSBS) was compared with corn silage (CS) and/or Italian ryegrass hay (IRG). Numerically, CSBS had higher crude protein, ether extract, and lactic acid contents compared to CS. In vitro rumen fermentation analysis demonstrated that up to a 24-h incubation period, both CS and CSBS showed higher total gas production, ammonia N concentration, and dry matter degradability compared to IRG (p<0.05). The investigation on animals was conducted in a commercial dairy farm located in Gyeongju, South Korea, employing 42 Holstein cows that were divided into 2 group treatments: CS and CSBS in a completely randomized design. Although no significant difference was observed in milk yield, animals fed on CSBS showed significantly higher milk protein (p<0.05) and milk fat content (p<0.01), compared to animals fed on CS. Taken together, our findings indicate that corn-soybean silage that is cultivated, harvested, and prepared through intercropping can improve the protein content of the silage, and can also enhance in vitro rumen fermentation, dry matter degradability, and performance of dairy cattle.

The aim of this study was to evaluate different herbicides in corn-soybean intercropping for optimum growth, yield and nutritive value of forage under Korean environment conditions. Herbicidal treatments were randomly applied over five plots, viz. (1) Control treatment: no herbicide; (2) Alachlor; (3) Simazine; (4) Pendimethalin and (5) Mixture of alachlor and simazine herbicides in RCBD have three replications. Results depicted that treated herbicides exhibited significant effect over control of weeds. Simazine herbicide alone or mixed with alachlor had adverse effects on soybean but enhanced (p<0.05) corn production in terms of survivability, dry matter and digestible nutrients yield. Corn-soybean coupling and total dry matter yield were greater (p<0.05) in pendimethalin. Simazine-alachlor mixture reduced (p<0.05) soybean height. Conclusively, simazine could not be suitable for corn soybean intercropping because of having an adverse effect on soybean component. Pendimethalin could maintain growth and yield of corn and soybean both components. Effect of alachlor was comparable to that of pendimethalin.

Corn is basal forage for livestock species in Republic of Korea but it lacks protein and needs nitrogenous fertilizer. This study was designed with main objective to achieve optimum growth, yield & nutritive value of forage for livestock through implementing corn-soybean intercropping strategy at 17 different places under Korean condition. Two treatments; corn as monocrop (control treatment) and corn-soybean intercrop were compared under Randomized Block Design from 28th May to 8th October, 2015. Each treatment had three replicates in each block, whereas seventeen different places were considered as blocks. Data were analyzed through SAS-9.1.3 software. Difference between two treatment means was tested through T-test. Findings depicted that intercropping pattern could not influence (P>0.05) corn plant & ear height, corn lodged stalk No. and corn stalks number. However, corn-soybean intercropping enhanced (P<0.05) forage productivity in terms of total fresh yield (16.4±0.7b vs. 19.9±0.7a tons ha-1), total dry matter yield (5.38±0.25b vs. 6.41±0.31a tons ha-1) and total digestible nutrients yield (3.94±0.17b vs. 4.59±0.21a tons ha-1). Dry matter percentage in corn stalks and corn ears was not different (P>0.05) between two treatments. It was concluded that corn-soybean intercropping strategy was promising technique in enhancing forage productivity though positive symbiotic relation between two crops.

In attempt to avoid crop damage through wild bird’s picking, this study was designed with aim to evaluate several pre-sowing soybean seed coatings for optimum yield in corn-soybean mixed forage. It was investigated under four cropping treatments, viz. 1) corn sole, 2) corn mixed with soybean without any coating, 3) corn with iron coated soybean and 4) corn with thiram coated soybean. Each treatment had three replicates and corn sole was control treatment. Pioneer (P1184) and crossbred (PI483463 × Hutcheson) seeds were used for corn and soybean, respectively. The trial was conducted under randomized block design from 5th June to 23rd September, 2015. Data were an alyzed through ANOVA technique using SAS9.1.3 software. Results depicted that survivability of soybean against wild birds damage was found better (p<0.05) in thiram coating which was higher than iron coating and control treatment but later on thiram coating had adverse effects on subsequent growth of soybean plants. Corn stalk height was decreased (p<0.05) in thiram coating, whereas corn ear height was reduced in iron coating treatment. Iron coating enhanced (p<0.05) height of soybean plant (p<0.05) better than that of thiram coating. Soybean seed coatings didn’t influence dry matter yield and nutritive value in terms of total digestible nutrients yield in corn soybean mixed forage. Conclusively, although presowing thiram coating enhanced survivability of soybean plants against wild bird damage but had adverse effects on its subsequent growth. However, soybean seed coatings didn’t influence yield and nutritive value of corn soybean intercropping forage

The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Livestock and Food in Korea has done an R&D project to develop new corn and soybean varieties and cultivation technologies with Seoul National University and on-site company for three years in Russia, where Korean government has done the overseas’ agriculture for more than a decade. The objective of this study is to analyze the investment value of three years’ funding. For this, a Cost-Benefit and Scenario analysis approaches were used. The results revealed that 1) For the case of soybean, cost seems to outweigh benefits under a pessimistic scenario, but otherwise in case of neutral and optimistic scenarios. 2) The result of corn shows high economic efficiency for all scenarios. 3) The most important implication of this study is that Korea’s oversea agriculture R&D projects need to expand to different countries, regions, and crops.

The soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], an ediblelegume, has a high protein content in both its hay andgrain, so it is often used as a supplement for other foragesthat have a deficient protein concentration. Therefore, thisstudy investigated the forage quality and yield in the caseof mixed planting of soybean and corn. The forage yield andquality were assessed for three cropping patterns: soybeanmono planting, corn mono planting, and mixed planting ofsoybean and corn. For planting, this study used a forage corncultivar, Kwangpyeongok, and three recombinant inbreed lines,W2, W4, and W11, selected from Glycine soja (PI483463)×G. max (Hutcheson). The mixed planting of soybean and cornproduced a higher forage yield than the corn mono cropping.The crude protein and crude fat content were also increasedwith the mixed planting of soybean and corn when comparedwith the corn mono cropping. Some decrease of ADF andNDF, and increase for RFV in mixed planting of soybeanand corn than corn mono cropping. Therefore, the resultsshow that mixed planting of soybean and corn is aneffective cropping system to improve the forage quality.

This experiment was carried out to know adaptability and forage production and quality of corn and corn + soybean intercropping for silage at paddy field in Chungnam province. growth, forage production and quality of silage corn was higher in case of corn and soybean intercropping than that of corn single planting at paddy field. The height of stem of Kwangpyongok and Sword bean intercropping was somewhat lower than Kwangpyongok single planting and higher at ear height and stem diameter. Fresh yield of Kwangpyongok and Sword bean intercropping was the highest as 45.8 tons per ha among corn monoculture, corn + soybean intercropping. The dry yield of Kwangpyongok and Sword bean intercropping at paddy field was the highest as 20.5 tons per ha among corn monoculture and corn + soybean intercropping. The result of this study showed that 'Kwangpyongok and Sword bean intercropping' had good forage productivity and quality of silage compared with corn monoculture, corn and common bean intercropping.

PCR법은 특정 유전자를 증폭하는 기술로 작물 및 식품에서 유전자 변형체 함유 여부를 가리는 효과적인 방법이다. 그러나 핵산의 추출법에 따라 PCR의 감도가 크게 달라지므로 정확한 추출법의 선정이 매우 중요하다. 본 연구는 현재 컬럼형 상용화 키트와 기존의 용매 추출방법을 이용하여 콩과 옥수수가공식품에 대한 각 유전자 부위의 검출감도를 비교 분석하였다. 핵산의 추출효율과 도입유전자의 증폭효율면 모두 상용화 키트인 Wizard™, DNeasy™ 추출법이 우수하였다. DNeasy법은 대부분의 식품에서 우수한 추출효율을 보였으나, 옥수수가공식품에서 수율이 감소하는 단점을 나타내었다. Wizard법은 모든 가공식품에서 고른 추출효율을 보였으며, PCR반응에 의한 증폭산물도 잘 보존되어 가공식품의 GMO검출에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 한편 CTAB법은 콩가공식품에서 약간 효율이 좋은 것으로 나타났으나 대부분의 경우 효율이 낮았으며, 식품의 종류에 따라 편차가 심하게 나타났다. pheno/chloroform법은 대부분의 식품에서 핵산의 분리가 어려운 방법으로 나타나 GMO분석에는 적합하지 않은 방법으로 확인되었다.

This experiment was carried out to compare chemical composition, TDN yield of corn-soybean intercropping and corn monocropping forage plants at different harvesting time and obtained the following results. 1. In both cropping systems, the content of chemi

The growth characteristics and yield per unit area of two cropping systems, corn monoculture and 'wrnsoybean intercropping, were compared and the obtained results were as follows; 1.The two cultivation systems were not significantly different in leaf leng