전 세계적으로 농업해충의 약제 저항성 발달에 따른 방제 효율 저하는 농약의 과다 사용을 초래하여 농업의 생산성 저하 및 환경 파괴 문제 등을 야기하고 있다. 뿐만 아니라 위생해충의 경우에도 약제 저항성 발달이 심각한 수준으로 나타남에 따라 인류 보건에 큰 위협이 되고 있다. 해충의 약제 저항성은 자연계에 존재하는 극히 낮은 빈도의 저항성 형질이 반복적인 약제 사용에 따라 선발되는 과정을 통해 발달 되는데, 해충 약제 저항성의 효과적 관리를 위해서는 저항성 발달 기작의 규명과 신속·정확한 진단법의 확립이 필수적이다. 현재까지의 저항성 관리 는 저항성 발달 후 대응적(reactive)으로 이루어져 왔으나, 미래에는 보다 다양한 분자 마커를 활용하여 저항성 형질 빈도를 관리 가능한 수준에서 유지하는 선제적(proactive) 저항성 관리도 가능할 것으로 예상하고 있다. 본 발표에서는 해충 약제 저항성 연구의 현재 상황과 미래 전망에 대해 소개하고자 한다.

One of the important components of a nuclear fuel cycle facility is a hot cell. Hot cells are engineered robust structures and barriers, which are used to handle radioactive materials and to keep workers, public, and the environment safe from radioactive materials. To provide a confinement function for these hot cells, it is necessary to maintain the soundness of the physical structure, but also to maintain the negative pressure inside the hot cell using the operation of the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. The negative pressure inside the hot cells allows air to enter from outside hot cells and limits the leakage of any contaminant or radioactive material within the hot cell to the outside. Thus, the HVAC system is one of the major components for maintaining this negative pressure in the hot cell. However, as the facility ages, all the components of the hot cell HVAC system are also subject to age-related deterioration, which can cause an unexpected failure of some parts. The abnormal operating condition from the failure results in the increase of facility downtime and the decrease in operating efficiency. Although some major parts are considered and constructed in redundancy and diversity aspects, an unexpected failure and abnormal operating condition could result in reduction of public acceptance and reliability to the facility. With the advent of the 4th Industrial Revolution, prognostics and health management (PHM) technology is advancing at a rapid pace. Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power, Siemens, and other companies have already developed technologies to constantly monitor the integrity of power plants and are applying the technology in the form of digital twins for efficiency and safety of their facility operation. The main point of PHM, based on this study, is to monitor changes and variations of soundness and safety of the operation and equipment to analyze current conditions and to ultimately predict the precursors of unexpected failures in advance. Through PHM, it would be possible to establish a maintenance plan before the failure occurs and to perform predictive maintenance rather than corrective maintenance after failures of any component. Therefore, it is of importance to select appropriate diagnostic techniques to monitor and to diagnose the condition of major components using the constant examination and investigation of the PHM technology. In this study, diagnostic techniques are investigated for monitoring of HVAC and discussed for application of PHM into nuclear fuel cycle facilities with hot cells.

The most important aspect of the imaging role for indeterminate bile duct stricture is to make a differential diagnosis on whether the stricture is highly likely to be malignant or benign. Compared to benign stricture, malignant stricture is longer, thicker, and has indistinct outer border and irregularity of the lumen in contrastenhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance (MR). Also, in the contrast-enhanced portal phase, malignant stricture has a stronger enhancement than the liver parenchyma. There are studies to differentiate between malignant and benign stricture in diffusion weighted image, a functional MR image, but there remains controversial. Sometimes, malignant biliary stricture may be caused by bile duct invasion of gallbladder cancer, pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, biliary metastasis, and lymphoma. Among the potential causes of indeterminate biliary stricture, the characteristics of multifocal biliary stricture mainly suggest benign sclerosing cholangitis, and various external compression factors that cause biliary stricture can be differentiated by radiologic imaging. There are causes of biliary dilatation without obstructive lesion, radiologic diagnosis can be made by considering various characteristics.

Biliary tract cancer (BTC) are highly aggressive and fatal malignancies. As one of the leading cause of death in Republic of Korea, BTC amoung various malignancies has been one of major public health concerns in the country. Although BTCs, including intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal cholangiocarcinoma, are relatively low-incidence malignancies compared to other cancer, but they represent a major health problem in endemic areas like Korea and Asia contries; moreover, the incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is rising globally. Surgery is the only curative treatment. The optimal surgical approach depends on the anatomical site of the primary tumour, and the best outcomes are achieved through management by specialist multidisciplinary team. Unfortunately, most patients present with locally advanced or metastatic disease. Only up to 20% of patients are diagnosed in early-stage, suitable for the curative surgery. Despite the surgery performed with potentially-curative intent, recurrence rates are high, around 60-70% of patients expected to have disease recurrence. In this review, we present an update of the causes, diagnosis, and treatment with a focus on chemotherapy of BTC.

이 연구에서는 주요 가로수인 왕벚나무를 대상으로 구례지역의 조기낙엽 현황 진단을 위해 제주도와 낙엽비율 비교연구를 진행하였고, 구례군에서 수행가능한 주요 가로수 관리방법을 두 가지로 구분하여 관리방법별 조기낙엽 지연효과와 피해를 규명하여 최적관리방법을 도출하였다. 구례지역은 기상청 단풍시기와 낙엽시기가 유사한 제주도 지역보다 같은 시기 낙엽비율이 높았고, 약제처리, 약제와 관수처리를 진행했을 때 구멍병이 방제되어 낙엽 시기가 2주 지연되었다. 조기낙엽은 왕벚나무의 생장과 개화에 영향을 미쳤으며, 약제와 관수처리를 진행한 관리방 법에서 생장이 가장 높았고, 2년 뒤 개화량이 가장 높은 것으로 추정되었다. 따라서 왕벚나무 가로수의 조기낙엽을 지연시키기 위해 구멍병 방제가 중요하고, 조기낙엽이 수관의 발달과 개화량에 영향을 미칠 수 있으므로 약제와 관수처리를 함께 처리하는 관리방법을 도입하는 것이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

최근 3년간 검토된 환경관리해역에서 이루어진 해역이용협의 건수는 총 60건으로 조사되었다. 환경보전해역에서는 지속적으로 감소하였고, 특별관리해역에서는 증가하는 양상을 나타내었다. 환경관리해역의 개별사업유형을 분석한 결과 인공구조물 설치사업이 가장 높은 비율을 차지하였고, 그 외 항만 어항개발, 연안정비 및 해수 인 배수사업유형이 많이 이루어졌다. 환경관리해역에서 국가해양환경정보통합시스템(MEIS) 자료를 활용하여 2006~2017년까지 경년별 수질변화경향을 비교한 결과, COD는 뚜렷한 증감의 변화는 보이지 않았으나 환경보전지역은 다소 증가하였으며, TN과 TP의 농도는 다소 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 특별관리해역인 광양만과 마산만 및 환경보전해역인 가막만에서는 주로 하계에 빈산소수괴가 출현하였다. 이러한 환경관리해역에서의 이용·개발행위가 지속적으로 이루어지고 있으므로, 이에 따른 해양환경부문 환경영향평가(해역이용협의)시에는 충분한 수질변화에 대한 실태분석 및 사업추진에 따른 수질영향과 퇴적물의 오염상태를 철저히 진단해서 오염원관리에 대한 대책이 중점적으로 평가되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. 특히, 각 환경관리해역의 지정 목적에 따른 유지 수질목표를 명확히 설정하여, 오염원 및 연안오염총량관리와 연계하여 오염 부하량 저감대책을 제시하여야 할 것이다.

This study using TWINSPAN and Ordination target Mt. Mireuk analyzed the relationship between vegetation and environment. In addition, direction of the succession to predict the future by examining diameter of breast height and actual vegetation and proposed vegetation landscape management plan that meets them. As a result of the classification by TWINSPAN, communities of vegetation landscapes were composed in six communities such as Quercus mongolica, Pinus densiflora, Q. variabilis, Q. serrata, Q. acutissima, P. thunbergii community. DCCA ordination analysis, and distribution of Q. mongolica community where there is high altitude and low P. densiflora community. The analysis is expected to be diameter of breast height of vegetation Mt. Mireuk result, the dense P. densiflora dominated in large objects, but the young forward the succession to a high density object and Q. mongolica community of intermediate objects progress. The vegetation landscape was subdivided into the priority management zone, core management zone, restoration management zone, and buffer management zone. In particular, the study suggests the ecotone of Mt. Mireuk, which, as it borders Mireuksaji, seems to require management to be redeveloped into a forest of world cultural heritage, should be configured into a scenery forest using Pinus densiflora. We also suggest management of visitors via year breaks for hiking roads, as well as the removal of artificial vegetation species and control of density, which will lead to succession.

담낭 용종은 담낭용종은 담낭내강으로 돌출된 융기 병변으로 다양한 양, 악성 질환을 모두 포함하고 있으며 대부분 평생 양성의 경과를 보인다. 그러나 적은 수지만 선종성 용 종은 악성 용종으로 진행할 수 있으며 이를 초기에 진단함으 로써 완치할 수 있다. 용종의 진단에는 초음파, CT 등의 검사 를 시행하며 선종성 용종의 진단율을 높이기 위해 최근 내시경 초음파 및 조영증강 하모닉 내시경초음파 검사가 시행되고 있다. 담낭용종의 크기가 1cm 이상, 고령에서 발견된 용 종, 단일성의 무경성 용종, 담석이 동반된 경우, 증상이 있는 용종의 경우에는 수술을 우선적으로 고려해야 한다. 1 cm 미만의 용종은 3-6개월 간격으로 초음파 검사를 시행하며 이후 1년에서 2년 동안 변화가 없으면 1년에 한 번 이상 최소 5년 이상 검사할 것을 추천한다.

Because it is unable to be systematic and it progress the management diagnosis in comparison with the large enterprise periodically, the most of our country small and medium companies does not correspond to the suddenly change environment agilely. Small and medium companies have a lot of the place where the company culture is not settled in comparison with the large enterprise. And the employees of satisfaction are low. This research is the research that it analyze the manufacturing job process based on the systematic management consulting for small and medium factory and draws the execution subject for the improvement of productive capacity and management efficiency. The investigation classifies as the job process and management control and organizational culture and the work satisfaction analyze the investigation. The research target company installs against small and medium manufacturer of the Gumi area of Gyeong Sang Buk Do Province. The high level of process can be redesigned. And the inefficiency of the category of manufacture and waste is removed through the management diagnosis procedure of presenting in this research the production system construction which is suitable for the own company manufacture business is promoted and many contributions seem to be protected.

Since 1995, the facility of class 1 and 2, classified by law had been subject to system of post maintenance management where periodic safety inspection and diagnosis to identify any problems and to take appropriate measures as a matter of urgency. Although the standards and systems had been revised many times for continuous improvement due to surrounding environmental factors, the technical factors and other factors for improvements, continuous researches and efforts are needed to ensure even higher effectiveness. Furthermore, the consciousness of the management body that executes and implements such improvements for facility management is most important. Therefore in this study, through such analysis, more realistic management consciousness review was performed. Also the direction for improvements is proposed, to carry out more effective facility safety management systems implementation.

In this study, we analyze the policy related to building safety diagnosis and maintenance management and suggest improvement direction of system for building diagnosis. The US has various test methods and laws and regulations standardized on wide territory, so it is excellent in responding to changes in regulations. In the UK, the technology of the building diagnosis related field is advanced through systematic efforts of diagnosis and maintenance of the building. Therefore, it is necessary to establish and revitalize regulations related to building diagnosis and maintenance management, to revise the laws and regulations of related institutions, and to systematically cultivate manpower through specialized agencies related to diagnosis and maintenance.

Rosai-Dorfman Disease is a very rare systemic immunologic disease, but most patients show improvement without specific treatment. However, when confined to the breast, it is difficult to exclude from malignancy since they are share similar radiographic characteristics. Thus, we report a case of Rosai-Dorfman Disease confined to the breast that pathological confirmation is needed to diagnose the disease via core needle biopsy or surgical excision.

세계 각국은 기후변화에 대응하기 위한 노력의 일환으로 재난관리시스템의 고도화를 활발히 전개하고 있다. 이러한 관점에서 특히, 문화재는 상대적으로 희소적 가치를 가지고 있고 재난에 대한 취약성이 높은 자산으로서, 효과적인 재난관리를 위한 시스템 구축의 필요성이 더욱 절실하다. 효과적인 문화재 재난관리시스템 구축을 위해서는 문화재 재난관리 관련 기초정보가 요구되는데, 이에 대한 체계화가 미흡하고 정보가 매우 빈약한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 효율적이고 체계적인 문화재 재난관리시스템 구축을 궁극적 목표로 설정하고, 이를 위해 관련 연구 및 정책동향을 종합적으로 분석하고, 주요 사례를 중심으로 시사점을 고찰하여 시스템 구축의 당위성을 검토하는 한편, 현황진단을 통해 시스템 구축의 기본방향을 설정함으로써 효과적인 시스템 구축을 위한 기반을 마련하고자 하였다.