본 논문에서는 역학적 변수들을 측정하는 방안으로 디지털 이미지 프로세싱과 강형식 기반의 MLS 차분법을 융합한 DIP-MLS 시 험법을 소개하고 추적점의 위치와 이미지 해상도에 대한 영향을 분석하였다. 이 방법은 디지털 이미지 프로세싱을 통해 시료에 부착 된 표적의 변위 값을 측정하고 이를 절점만 사용하는 MLS 차분법 모델의 절점 변위로 분배하여 대상 물체의 응력, 변형률과 같은 역 학적 변수를 계산한다. 디지털 이미지 프로세싱을 통해서 표적의 무게중심 점의 변위를 측정하기 위한 효과적인 방안을 제시하였다. 이미지 기반의 표적 변위를 이용한 MLS 차분법의 역학적 변수의 계산은 정확한 시험체의 변위 이력을 취득하고 정형성이 부족한 추 적 점들의 변위를 이용해 mesh나 grid의 제약 없이 임의의 위치에서 역학적 변수를 쉽게 계산할 수 있다. 개발된 시험법은 고무 보의 3 점 휨 실험을 대상으로 센서의 계측 결과와 DIP-MLS 시험법의 결과를 비교하고, 추가적으로 MLS 차분법만으로 시뮬레이션한 수치 해석 결과와도 비교하여 검증하였다. 이를 통해 개발된 기법이 대변형 이전까지의 단계에서 실제 시험을 정확히 모사하고 수치해석 결과와도 잘 일치하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 모서리 점을 추가한 46개의 추적점을 DIP-MLS 시험법에 적용하고 표적의 내부 점만을 이용한 경우와 비교하여 경계 점의 영향을 분석하였고 이 시험법을 위한 최적의 이미지 해상도를 제시하였다. 이를 통해 직접 실험이 나 기존의 요소망 기반 시뮬레이션의 부족한 점을 효율적으로 보완하는 한편, 실험-시뮬레이션 과정의 디지털화가 상당한 수준까지 가능하다는 것을 보여주었다.

Three-dimensional(3D) printing is a process for producing complex-shaped 3D objects by repeatedly stacking thin layers according to digital information designed in 3D structures. 3D printing can be classified based on the method and material of additive manufacturing process. Among the various 3D printing methods, digital light processing is an additive manufacturing technique which can fabricate complex 3D structures with high accuracy. Recently, there have been many efforts to use ceramic material for an additive manufacturing process. Generally, ceramic material shows low processability due to its high hardness and strength. The introduction of additive manufacturing techniques into the fabrication of ceramics will improve the low processability and enable the fabrication of complex shapes and parts. In this study, we synthesize silica composite material that can be applied to digital light processing. The rheological and photopolymeric properties of the synthesized silica composite are investigated in detail. 3D objects are also successfully produced using the silica composite and digital light processing.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of wear resistance with 3D printing of DLP(Digital Light Processing). For this purpose, three wear factor which are wear loss, coefficient of friction and friction force applied to test wear-resistance. Wear test of ball-on-disk has been performed using steel balls to determine the variation of wear characteristics. Finally, the coefficient of wear was calculated by the Archard wear equation with 3D printing of DLP.

Analyzing asphalt mixture images can provide crucial information not only for generating advanced geometry structure in several numerical computations (i.e. FEM and/or DEM) codes, but also for numerically evaluating the material microstructure. It is well known that 3D X-Ray Computer Tomography (CT) can provide accurate and realistic microstructure information of asphalt mixtures; however, this technology still presents two limitations: 1) the equipment is very expensive and, therefore, only few pavement agencies can afford it, and 2) the software required to generate realistic image of asphalt mixture with three-phase structure (aggregate, asphalt binder and air-voids) is based on a global thresholding algorithm which cannot be easily accessed and edited by users and practitioners. In this paper, accurate and realistic 2D three-phase asphalt mixture images were generated using an advanced DIP analysis code (implemented on MATLABTM) and a common flatbed scanner, which can be easily purchased at relatively low price. The threshold algorithm was developed based on the computed results of Gmm (maximum specific gravity), Gmb (bulk specific gravity), VMA (voids in mineral aggregates) of given asphalt mixtures which can be experimentally obtained in a laboratory environment. 2D three-phase images of asphalt mixtures were derived from grey scale images (color intensity from 0 to 255) obtained from original RGB (Red-Green-Blue) scale images with a dual-threshold computation techniques (i.e. one step for computing air voids phase, T1, and a second step for computing asphalt binder (and/or mastic) phase, T2). An example of DIP analysis results is shown in Figure 1. Based on the computation results, quite accurate and good visual agreement was observed between RGB scale image and DIP analyzed image. The findings indicate that this advanced DIP analysis technique can provide reliable geometry and microstructural information for several numerical simulations such as finite element method (FEM) and discrete element modeling (DEM). This research work represents a solid base for performing simple 2D microstructure analysis using 2- and 3-point correlation function and for developing the Moon Cannone Falchetto (MCF) model which will be introduced in the next annual KSRE conference.

In this paper, we study the calculation for the fracture area of the composite material specimens using digital image processing techniques. This study was able to calculate the area of the fracture region through the main operation step 7 on the basis of improved image. To extract the area in the original image, we have to use opening operation, close operation, the Hit-or-Miss operation and Bottom hat filter, Top hat filter, etc. In particular, to extract the area of the composite specimen discussed in this study, we have to use the combination of the operations and filters because it is non-isotropic material, or should develop a new algorithm based on it.

In this paper, we study the calculation for the fracture area of the tension specimens using digital image processing techniques. This study was able to calculate the area of the fracture region on the basis of improved image. To extract the area in the original image, we have to use opening operation, close operation, the Hit-or-Miss operation and Bottom hat filter, Top hat filter, etc. In particular, to extract the area of the composite specimen discussed in this study, we have to use the combination of the operations and filters because it is non-isotropic material, or should develop a new algorithm based on it.

In this paper, we introduce the performance test results of digital data processing system for KVN (Korean VLBI Network). The digital data processing system for KVN consists of DAS (Data Acquisition System) and high-speed recorder which called Mark5B system. DAS system performs the digitalization of analog radio signal through ADS-1000 gigabit sampler with 1 Gsps/2-bit and process the digital filtering of digital signal. Mark5B system records the output data of DFB (Digital Filter Bank) with about 1 Gbps. In this paper, we carried out the preliminary evaluation experiments of the KVN digital data processing system connected between DAS system and Mark5B with VSI (VLBI Standard Interface) interface which is designed for compatible in each VLBI system. We first performed all of the KVN digital data processing system connected by VSI interface in the world. In factory inspection phase, we found that the DAS system has a memory read/write error in DSM (Digital Spectrometer) by analyzing the recorded data in Mark5B system. We confirmed that the DSM memory error has been correctly solved by comparing DSM results with Mark5B results. The effectiveness of KVN digital data processing system has been verified through the preliminary experiments such as data transmission, recording with VSI interface connection and data analysis between DSM and Mark5B system. In future work, we will perform the real astronomical observation by using the KVN 21m radio telescopes so as to verify its stability and performance.

This paper describes the digital back-end system for getting the data to analyze the user observation mode by digitalize the analog data after receiving the space radio using the radio telescope, The received analog data will be digitalized by high-speed sampler with 1 Gsps for 4 channel frequency band of millimeter wave, and the digital data will be transported through the fiber-optic digital transmission system and WDM(wavelength division multiplex) to observation building, The wideband digital FIR(Finite Impulse Response) filters analyze the data for user observation mode to record the data in high-speed recorder with 1 Gbps. In this paper, we introduce the overall system configuration and features combined by various information and communication technology in radio astronomy briefly, which will be adopted by KVN(Korean VLBI Network).

해충의 발생시기와 발생량에 대한 정확한 예찰정보는 해충의 효율적인 종합적 방제를 위하여 필수적으로 요구된다. 해충의 효율적인 발생 예찰조사를 위해 디지털 영상처리 알고리즘을 이용하여 벼농경지에서 주요 해충인 멸구류를 자동적으로 인식하고 밀도를 측정하도록 하였다. 야외경작지에서 촬영한 입력영상에 대해 구성인자분해과정, 탑헷(top-hat)변환, 역치적용, 최소/최대 필터링 등의 방법을 적용하여 벼 잎에 붙어 있는 멸구 개체를 인식하고 개체수를 헤아렸다. 평균인식율은 95.8%를 보였다. 또한 인지된 각 멸구류 개체 크기를 측정하여 멸구류의 연령분포 추정을 가능하게 하였다

A three-dimensional digital image processing technique is proposed to quantitatively predict the dispersion phenomena of oil droplet onto the surface of the water. This technique is able to get the dispersion rate of an oil droplet three-dimensionally just below the surface of the water over time. The obtained dispersion rate obtained through this technique is informative to the investigation into the relationship among the gravity, surface tensions between oil, water, and air. This technique is based upon the three-dimensional PIV(Particle Imaging Velocimetry) technique and its system mainly consists of a three CCD(Charge Coupled Device) cameras, an image grabber, and a host computer in which an image processing algorithm is adopted for the acquisition of dispersion rate oil an oil droplet.

Assessment of surface cracks is important to ensuring the health of concrete structures. Traditional visual inspection processes are time-consuming and their performance depends heavily on the inspector’s skill and experience. In this paper, digital image processing techniques are employed to monitor the surface cracks in concrete. The automated processing method is proposed for further implementation to an flight drone.

자갈 이상의 조립질 재료로 이루어진 하천의 하상 재료 입도분석은 많은 노력과 경비를 소요하는 일이기 때문에, 적절히 분석되지 못하고 있는 것이 현실이다. 본 연구의 목적은 자갈 이상의 조립질 재료로 이루어진 하상의 입도 분포를 영상 처리를 통하여 분석하는 기법을 개발하는 것이다. 전체 개발 과정은 개별 입자의 영상 정보 분석과정과 하상 영상에서 입자를 분석하는 두 과정으로 이루어졌다. 먼저 개별 입자들의 영상에 나타난 평면 특성(장축, 중간축, 면적 등)이 실제 입자와 어떤 관계를 가지는지 분석하였다. 이를 위하여, 대종천, 밀양강, 형산강의 3개 하천에서 420개의 자갈 시료를 채취한 뒤, 각 입자의 버니어캘리퍼스로 장축, 중간축, 단축의 길이를 측정하고, 저울로 중량을 측정하였다. 채취된 입자를 개별적으로 영상으로 찍은 후, 영상에서 장축과 중간축, 면적을 계측하는 프로그램을 개발하였다. 개발된 프로그램을 이용한 영상 정보와 실제 측정한 자료를 비교하였다. 입자의 개별 측정 결과 자갈 하천의 하상 재료의 형상계수는 0.51~0.59 이었다. 이는 모래 하상의 0.7, 자갈 하천이 이보다 약간 작다는 통상적으로 알려져 있는 지식과 부합하였다. 또한, 하천에 따라 형상 계수는 약간의 차이를 보이기 때문에 일괄적으로 통일된 값을 적용하기는 어려울 것으로 보인다. 한편, 자갈의 중량은 장축이나 중간축보다는 면적과의 상관성이 더 높다. 이 자료의 결과를 이용하여 영상 분석에서 나온 면적을 입자의 중량과 공칭직경으로 환산하는 방법을 제시하였다. 두 번째 과정으로 ImageJ 프로그램을 이용하여 대종천, 밀양강, 형산강의 하상 영상에 적용하여 자갈입자의 면적을 분석하고 이를 입도분포 곡선으로 환산하였다. 영상 분석에서 구한 입도분포를 시료를 채취하여 실측한 자료와 비교한 결과는 매우 타당한 결과를 보였다.

Before some experiments were carried out with analog bandpass filter which used for filtering the noise included in sound source signal. And this filter was constituted by condenser, register and operational amplifier. Hut these elements made the phase characteristics to differentiate in each sensing channel and cause a little of measurement error. We made new measurement system that was substituted digital filter for the analog filter in order to develop the optimal system which could find the time delay between each sensors with high accuracy. This paper describes the new system's constitution and the function of each parts. Specially three digital filters were designed and applied to the digital signal processing Part. And a series of experiments were carried out with the source＇s distance 9.53meters and the random bearing interval within the limits of 0˚ ~ 180˚. As a result, we have recognized that the accuracy of measurements were differentiated by the methods what kind of digital filter were adopted. And we have confirmed the facts that IIR LPF was suitable for sound source's bearing measurement and FIR LPF reduced the range measurement error.

Radar image data were collected through the on-line data acquisition system of A/D converter and personal computer, and the image was restorated on CRT or plotter after digital image processing of the data. The digital image processing system which was developed for this study, consisted of some kinds of software as follows : rearrangement, transformation, and enhancement of the image data in real space or frequency space by Fourier transform, edge detection of the image, compact processing, state inferential processing, and so on. Since the image of PPI radar sweeps from the center to the circumference of a circle, the image within a given period has the shape of fan. Therefore the acquired data were transformed to have the same interval as that of data in outmost concentricity. The results of various image processing methods using transformed data were better than those of the methods using original data.