This study aimed to examine the changes in dry matter yield and growth characteristics of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in response to variations in sowing dates during the autumn season of 2021-22 in a dry paddy field of Chilbo-myeon, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do. Treatments comprised four sowing dates at 10-day intervals, i.e., October 8, October 18, October 28, and November 8, 2021. The winter survival rate of alfalfa showed a significant difference between different treatments but was at a satisfactory level for all (p<0.05). The winter survival rate for the fourth sowing date, a month later than the first sowing date, was approximately 11.7% lower than that for the first sowing date. The plant height ranged between 82.3–93.1 cm and 60.5–63.7 cm at the first and second harvest, respectively, smaller at the second harvest than at the first harvest. The total dry matter yield of alfalfa was the highest at 13,316 kg/ha for the first sowing date, and the later the sowing date, the lower the dry matter yield. The protein content of alfalfa ranged between 13.6–17.3% in the first harvest, lower than the standard alfalfa protein content of 20% or more. In relative feed value, the first sowing (Oct. 8) was the most significantly higher in the first harvest (p<0.05). These results suggest that the early and mid-October sowing dates are optimum for sowing alfalfa during autumn and result in improved plant growth, dry matter yield, protein content, and winter survival compared to those at later sowing dates. Therefore, dry paddy fields can be safely employed for alfalfa cultivation with sowing dates in early and mid-October during autumn.

This study was carried out to determine the effects of application levels of fertilizer and sowing methods on yields and nutritive values of Italian ryegrass (IRG) in early spring. Five fertilizer levels were used: Treatment 1, 100-80-80 kg/ha; Treatment 2, 120-100-100 kg/ha; Treatment 3, 140-120-120 kg/ha; Treatment 4, 160-140-140 kg/ha; Treatment 5, 140-120-120 kg/ha of N-P2O5-K2O with silicate fertilizer 200 kg/ha. Dry matter (DM) yield was 8,330 kg/ha in Treatment 5, 7,686 kg/ha in Treatment 4, and 7,347 kg/ha in Treatment 3. There was no significant difference in total digestible nutrients (TDN) content. The content of crude protein was the highest in Treatment 5. Dry matter ratio was the lowest in Treatment 5. In Treatment 3, DM yield was 7,347 kg/ha, when total amounts of fertilizers were applied at one time. However, DM yield was 7,405 kg/ha, when 50% of pre-planting fertilizer and 50% of supplementary fertilizer were applied at different time. There was no significant difference between total application and split application of fertilizers. However, DM yield was 9,469 kg/ha in application treatment with 100 kg/ha of additional urea at three to four leaf stages of IRG. Regarding DM yield by sowing methods of IRG, the following order was found: drill seeding (8,176 kg/ha) > rotary-broadcast seeding-stamping (7,957 kg/ha) > rotary-broadcast seeding (7,810 kg/ha) > broadcast seeding (7,347 kg/ha) > broadcast seeding-rotary (7,034 kg/ha). DM yield (59.57%) was the lowest in broadcast seedingrotary. Crude protein content was the highest with rotary work but the lowest with broadcast seeding.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of harvesting time of rice on growth characteristics and dry matter yields of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam., IRG) ‘Kowinearly’ after seeding them in paddy field. Experiments were performed in National Institute of Animal Science, RDA (Cheonan, Choongcheongnam-do province of Korea) for four years (2011~2014). Italian ryegrass variety ‘Kowinearly’ was seeded at experimental paddy fields before rice harvest in late September. Rice were harvested at 10, 20, and 30 days after seeding of IRG. As the harvest time of rice became later, the number of tillering before winter was reduced and IRG plant length before winter was shorter. The dry matter yield of IRG was also reduced. When rice were harvested at 20 days and 30 days after sowing of IRG compared to the rice harvested in autumn at 10 days after sowing of IRG, the number of tillering for IRG before winter was decreased by an average of 19% and 40%, respectively. The winter survival ratio of IRG was decreased by an average of 13% and 19%, respectively. Their dry matter yields were also reduced by an average of 8% and 19%, respectively. The heading date was different from each other in three years. The plant length at the time of IRG harvest in the spring was not significantly different among treatment groups. Taken together, our results suggest that when Italian ryegrass is grown in paddy fields by the method of ‘seeding of IRG before rice harvest’, rice should be harvested as soon as possible after sowing of IRG ‘Kowinearly’ in the autumn to increase forage productivity.

본 연구는 논에서 이탈리안 라이그라스와 두과 사료작물 혼파에 의한 생산성을 구명코자 전라남도농업기술원에서 2004년부터 2008년까지 수행하였다. 처리내용은 이탈리안 라이그라스(코윈어리 품종) 단파에 자운영, forage pea, crimson clover 그리고 hairy vetch을 혼파하는 5처리 3반복으로 실시하였다. 그리고 이탈리안 라이그라스와 두과 사료작물 혼파비율은 단파 기준으로 70:30 비율로 혼파하였다. 논에서 이탈리안 라이그라스 단파

legumes and rye on paddy field at the experimental field of Jeollanam-Do Agricultural Research and Extension Services from 2004 to 2008. The five treatments used in this experiment were rye mono (C.V. Koolgrazer), rye+chinese milk vetch mixture, rye+crimson clover (C.V. Linkarus) mixture, rye+forage pea (C.V. Austrian pea) mixture, rye+hairy vetch (C.V. Oregon Common) mixture. The dry matter (DM) percentage at harvest was 23. 0～25.3%. The DM percentage among rye single and mixture treatments were similar. The yields of fresh and crude protein (CP) were high in Italian ryegrass (IRG)+Forage pea mixtures as a 50,370 kg and 1,177 kg per ha. And the yields of dry matter were high in IRG+forage pea was at mixtures as a 12,390 kg/ha. The Av. P2O5 in IRG+forage pea mixture was 85 ㎎/㎏. In conclusion, the mixture cultivation of rye and forage pea was very effective

논에서 내한성 이탈리안 라이그라스의 조 중 만생 숙기별 Kospeed, Kowinmaster, Hwasan 101호 3품종을 파종시기별로 9월 30일부터 5일 간격으로 10월 20일까지 5처리 파종하여 이듬해 5월 17일에 수확하였고 단위면적당 입모수, 월동률 및 건물수량에 미치는 시험을 2003년부터 2005년까지 수원에서 수행하였다. 논에서 이탈리안 라이그라스 조생종(Kospeed)의 출수기는 5월 7일에서 5월 13일이며 파종일이 늦으면 출수일도

본 연구는 논에서 월동사료작물로 재배되고 있는 내한성 이탈리안 라이그라스(Lolium multiflorum Kospeed)의 입모율 향상과 건물수량 증대를 위해 우리나라 중부지역에 알맞은 파종방법을 구명하고자 본시험을 수행하였다. 파종시기는 총체벼 수확 후 9월 25일에 파종하였으며 파종방법은 로타리-조파-진압, 로타리-산파-진압, 로타리-산파, 로타리-산파-가벼운 로타리, 무경운산파-가벼운 로타리) 5처리를 난괴법 3반복으로 수행하였다. 파종방법별 입

This study was conducted to examine major growth responses, the production and partitioning of dry matter on different growth stages, and yields and to select the optimal shading material in both quality and productivity of ginseng. Two cultivars of ginseng, Cheonpoong and Geumpoong, were cultivated in the paddy soil with three different shading materials; three-layered blue and one-layered black polyethylene (TBP), blue polyethylene sheet (BPS), and aluminium-coated polyethylene sheet (APS). Plant heights were linearly increased until June 24 and then maintained with showing higher height in Cheonpoong than that in Geumpoong cultivar. Root lengths were gradually increased until October 16. They were longer in Cheonpoong than that in Geumpoong cultivar, showing slightly longer with APS compared to TBP and BPS. The ability of producing dry matter of leaves was much higher from April to June compared to those of other growth periods, whereas its ability of root was concentrated from the end of June to the end of August. Among the shading materials, the ability of producing dry matter of shoot was higher with TBP than those with BPS and APS, while its ability of root was not appeared certain tendency unlike the shoot. The yield of ginseng roots was the highest with TBP among three shading materials and it was higher in Cheonpoong than that of Geumpoong cultivar. The shading materials which affect the light intensity and the temperature would be considered as an important factor to get better quality and productivity of Korean ginseng.