The nutrient balances originated from livestock manure in Korea has not being include minor livestock species (e.g., horse, deer, and goat) since their manure excretion unit (MEU), nutrient excretion unit (NEU), and nutrient loading coefficient (NLC) are not known yet. In the present research work, the primary focus had laid therefore on securing domestic MEU for the specified minor livestock species which provides the basis for the computation of NEU and NLC. Moreover, the nutrient potential and economic value of composted manure from minor livestock was assessed on the basis of contents in the inorganic fertilizers such as Urea, (46% N) and Fused superphosphate (20% phosphorus pentoxide). The obtained MEU was found to be 10.52±5.48, 4.07±1.69, and 0.843±0.1 kg/head/day for horse, deer, and goat, respectively. In addition, the measured NLCs of horse, deer, and goat were [N, 0.7; P, 0.9], [N, 0.7; P, 0.6] (Both deer and goat were the same.), respectively. Consequently, the horse, deer, and goat manure have a potential of 3,840.1 ton N/year and 9,390.2 ton P/year as an inorganic fertilizer of urea and fused superphosphate. These findings may facilitate the development of more accurate nutrient budget taking into account both major and minor livestock and improve the manure management measures for land application.

이태준의 『농토』(1947)는 해방직후 북한 지역에서 실시된 토지개혁을 다룬 작품이다. 『농토』는 이태준이 월북 이후 처음 발표한 장편소설로 억쇠라는 인물이 노비에서 소작농, 농업노동자, 머슴 등 봉건제도의 희생자에서 토지개혁의 주체가 되는 농민으로 성장한다는 서사를 통해 해방직후 북한의 토지개혁 과정과 그 의의를 밝히고 있다. 이태준은 토지 소유자를 봉건적 지주, 자본주의적 고리대금업자, 일본의 식민지 수탈기구인 동양척식회사, 친일파 관료 등 다양한 신분 구조로 변주하지만 결국은 토지를 소유한 자와 소유하지 못한 자라는 이분법적 구도로 단순화시킨다. 이태준은『농토』에서 토지를 소유했는가 아닌가라는 이분법적 대립 구조를 통해 갈등을 선악구조로 단순화시켜 현실의 모순을 강화하였다. 해방직후 북한의 토지개혁은 1946년 3월 5일을 기하여 북한 전역에서 무상몰수 무상분배의 원칙에서 시행되었으며 궁극적으로는 지주층의 해체를 통한 봉건적 신분질서의 개혁을 목표로 하였다. 결국 이태준은 북한의 사회주의 체제에서 시행한 토지개혁에 의해 이 문제가 해결 가능하다고 작품을 통해 제시하고 있다. 이태준은『농토』 에서 사회주의 체제의 토지개혁을 통해 모든 갈등이 해소되고 밝은 미래를 예견하는 것으로 마무리하면서 해방이전 작품 경향과 달리 사회주의적 낙관성을 보여주고 있다.

The purpose of this study is to present the basic data of species composition and characteristics of agricultural ecosystem by surveying and analysing the flora distributed in farmland, Daegu Metropolitan City. The numbers of flora were summarized as 207 taxa including 52 families, 157 genera, 188 species, 17 varieties and 2 forms. Among the cultivated plants, Cryptotaenia japonica, Pimpinella brachycarpa, Petasites japonicus and so forth were wild. The naturalized plants were 44 taxa including Fallopia dumetorum, Chenopodium album, Thlaspi arvense, Verbesina alternifolia, Festuca myuros and so forth. Plants that expected to spread nationwide were 11 taxa including Amaranthus patulus, Lepidium virginicum, Xanthium canadense, Bromus unioloides and so forth. The NI and UI were about 21.3% and 13.7%. The invasive alien plants were 3 taxa including Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Aster pilosus and Lactuca scariola. The C4 plant were 21 taxa including Commelina communis, Cymbopogon tortilis var. goeringii, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii, Cyperus amruicus and so forth.

Irrigation with saline water of rivers and groundwater reservoir into paddy field cause decreases rice production depending on water salinity. The purpose of this research was to determine the critical concentration of water salinity for provision of a basic information on the stable rice production in west costal area of Honam region. A greenhouse experiment was conducted at the 13 levels of saline water [0.01(control) 0.03, 0.05, 0.08, 0.10, 0.13, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.50, 0.70, 1.00%] in transplanted rice using c.v. Cheongho and tolerance to different water salinities was evaluated at three growth stages of the rice plant such as [(35 DAT:Tillering), (81 DAT:Heading), and (106 DAT:Ripening)], respectively. Increasing water salinity significantly decreased grain yield and the higher in salinity the severe effect on yield reduction. The growth responses to water salinity varied at different growth stages of rice. At 35 DAT, increased water salinity decreased plant height and number of tillers significantly. Higher water salinity delayed the days to heading by 2 days (0.05%), 4 days (0.08%) and 7 days (0.1%). The critical water salinity at 35 DAT was below 0.08%. At 81 DAT, Cheongho survived at 0.10 and 0.08% salinity, respectively. However, at water salinity levels above 0.10%, the yield components such as number of panicles and number of spikelet decreased drastically. Thus, it was suggested that the critical water salinity at the mid-stage (tillering~heading, 81 DAT) was 0.05%, At 106 DAT, based on yield index that gives above 50% grain yield, the 0.05% salinity showed the lowest 61.1% grain yield of 19.2 g/plant as compared with the highest grain yield of 31.4 g/plant at 0.01% (control).

In this study, the capacity of supplying agricultural water to 13 districts was analyzed by calculating the necessary water supply for the arable land of Gunwi-gun and examining the capacity of supplying water to reservoirs, streams, pumping stations, collection sites, and groundwater wells in Gunwi-gun. As a result, among the 13 districts the second district was found to be short of water by 1.2×106 tons/year. In general, local governments establish drought measures by selecting drought disaster risk zones. While selecting drought-risk areas, some water-poor areas that do not have water sources should be selected, even if the entire area has a sufficient water supply. The water-supply evaluation at the regional level was insufficient for locating areas without water sources, but most areas with water sources, such as streams, reservoirs, and pumping stations, were found to have no shortage of water. To locate water shortage areas without water sources, GIS analysis conducted a field survey of areas with a distance of 4 or less than that of water sources analyzed by GIS analysis. Sixty-nine sites in 13 districts were selected for the on-site survey and six areas of water shortage were identified in areas other than the second district.

This study has been conducted to understand the relationships such as interspecific interactions between species and landscapes within and outside of agricultural land by identifying the flora features of Cornus officinalis farmlands in Gurye which designated as Korea's Important Agricultural Heritage System. For this, the flora of vascular plants was surveyed in every land uses of two representative districts. These two districts represent the own features of Cornus officinalis farming area which including land uses like forests(especially pine tree), valley, farmland(rice paddy, farms, Cornus officinalis farmland), and residence. Also differences in flora by stone wall’s existence and Cornus officinalis’s DBH were surveyed. As a result, Cornus officinalis farmlands showed the various vascular plants than the other land uses. According to the existence of stone wall in Cornus officinalis farmlands, there were no differences in appearance flora. But the flora in Cornus officinalis farmlands which have different Cornus officinalis’ DBH(Divided into average over 15cm and under 8cm), various plants were showed in average over 15cm than average under 8cm. In conclusion, Cornus officinalis farmlands have been actively engaged in various types of land use and species exchanges, including forests, valleys, villages, and fields, and it has been confirmed that it acts as an ecological axis connecting forests to villages.

This study was conducted for the purpose of deriving implications by observing the changing patterns and characteristics of the farmland reduction area in urban vicinity with Gimhae city, Gyeongsangnam-do as the subject. In order to achieve this goal, we first examined the problems and possibilities of farmland reduction area in urban vicinity through a theoretical review. Additionally, the characteristics of land use and community were examined for Gimhae city, Gyeongsangnam-do. The results of the study are summarized as follows. First, for 35 years from 1981 to 2015, Gimhae decreased 50.52㎢ of farmland, which is about 17.4 times that of Yoido, and about 69.4% of the decreased farmland area. Second, the decrease in agricultural land has been expanding to the whole of Gimhae City from 1990 to 2010, and has been continuing since 2010 around dong-area. Third, in the farmland reduction area in urban vicinity, the number of settlements increases rapidly, but the aging population also increases. Fourth, the composition of the community is getting complicated with the change of the members. Taken together, it is necessary to manage the area efficiently because rapid change is present in the farmland reduction area in urban vicinity. Based on this, the implications are summarized as follows. First, there is a change in land use due to the reduction of farmland not designated as agricultural development region. Therefore, it is necessary to supplement the farmland-conversion standard. Second, despite the fact that land use management has been carried out, there have been problems such as uncontrolled development due to the development pressure beyond institutional management, and therefore it is necessary to improve the structural defects of the pertinent legal system. Fourth, while the traditional farming activities are decreasing with the decrease of agricultural land area, the increase in farms with secondary jobs and the urban-rural interchanges organization’s efforts can lead to increased visits from outsiders that seek rural tourism and experiential learning.

National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) has proposed new methodology for estimating unit load in order to overcome the limitations of past unit load based on short-term and local area based data. In the case of agricultural land, however, the results presented by NIER are still limited because of various agricultural activities and farmland characteristics. In this study, liquid manure treated paddy field and organic farming upland were selected for considering agricultural diversity. Four different methods for evaluating unit load were used for comparing previous research results. The results of different methods presented various trends compared with those of existing studies. Paddy field treated liquid manure was 1.3 times higher for T-N load and 3.1 times for T-P load than conventional paddy field. Conventional upland was 4.4 times higher for T-N load and 1.8 times higher for T-P load than organic farming upland. In the case of non-conventional farmland, this study showed different values with the unit loads presented by NIER. This implies that it is necessary to review and apply the unit loads considering various agricultural conditions when establishing environmental policy and rural planning.

With increasing public concern for environmentally friendly agriculture, ecological aspect of landscape management is of growing importance. AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) analysis were conducted based on the delphi survey of 31 experts to evaluate the relative importance and the preference of landscape elements. Landscape components of organic farmland were classified into 2 landscape fields, 5 landscape types, 14 landscape units, and 37 landscape elements. Overall relevance score for the proposed landscape components were about 5.5 on the seven point scale. While the relative importance weight of cropland landscape field was 0.71, the weight of intra-structure landscape field was 0.29. Among the cropland landscape, relatively higher weight was assigned to farming system (0.47) and margins (0.31), as compared with hydrological system (0.22). In the farming system, crop (0.40) and farm land (0.39) were the most important landscape units. In the margins, higher weight was given to Buffer zone (0.44) and Trees (0.42). Biological habitat (0.43) ranked the highest score in the hydrological system. Preferable landscape elements were glass house, companion plants, rice paddy field, diverse crop species, small pond, and small river, which are representing ecological advantage of organic farming systems. This result indicated that the landscape elements identified in the study would be suitable to evaluate ecological aspect of rural landscape in organic farmland.

본 연구는 한국과 독일의 연구협약에 따라 진행된 공동연구 프로젝트 일환이며 과업은 (1) 한국과 독일 농지 관리기구의 조직과 기능을 비교하고 (2) 그 차이점과 함의를 분석하여 (3) 한국 농지관리시스템의 기능적 발전방안을 모색 하는 것이다. 한국은 유럽의 농업 선진국에 비해 농업구조가 취약해 미래전망이 밝지 못한데 이는 한국이 경자유전에 근거 한 농지거래의 제한과 투기로 인한 농지가격의 상승, 이에 편승한 부재지주의 비합리적 농지이용, 복잡한 농지관련 세금과 농업지원체계 등이 비효율성을 야기하고 있기 때문이다. 독일 농지시장은 규제와 투기가 적어 시장기능이 잘 작동되며 유연 한 조직인 농지관리기구가 선매권과 합리적인 농지거래 개입 등을 통해 시장기능이 원활히 작동하는데 중요한 역할을 수행 하고 있다. 비록, 한국과 독일이 여러 환경적 차이가 있어 독일 경험이 정책 조언으로 바로 연결되기는 쉽지 않지만 경직된 경자유전에 대한 변화가 필요하며 2030세대 농업인 지원정책 등은 보다 미래 경잭력을 담보할 적절한 조치로 판단되어졌다.

한국은 2050년까지 주요 선진국 중에서 고령화가 가장 심각한 사회로 전환되게 될 것으로 예상된다. 기대여명의 증가와 저 출산은 고령화를 더욱 악화시키며, 이는 심각한 사회문제로 발전하게 될 것이다. 이와 같은 문제를 해결하기 위해 한국정부는 2008년에 도시지역에는 주택연금제도를 도입하였으며, 2011년에는 세계 최초로 농촌지역을 대상으로 농지연금제도를 도입하였다. 그렇지만 이와 같은 제도는 설계 당시부터 복지상품이라기 보다는 장기적으로 손실과 수익의 균형에 초점을 둔 금융상품으로 개발되어 실질적으로 노인들에게 크게 인기를 얻지 못하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 농지연금제도를 활성화시켜, 농촌노인들에게 보다 더 많은 혜택을 주기 위해 지역 토지시장을 감안하여 지역별 농지가격상승률을 예측하고 연금액을 산출하였다. 또, 지금까지 사용한 년 혹은 분기별 감정가 대신에 월별, 지역별 실거래 가격을 모형에 적용하여 지역 토지시장, 고령화 수준 등 지역 여건에 부합하는 연금액을 산출하였다. 할인율자료도 가장 안정적인 3년 만기 국고채 수익률을 활용하여 미래농지가격을 예측하고, 이를 유동화하여 월 생활자금으로 지급되도록 하였다. 특히 농지규모가 가장 많고, 고령화 정도가 심각하여 농지연금의 잠재적 수요가 가장 높을 것으로 예상되는 경상북도와 전라남도를 사례지역으로 선정하고, 이를 전국평균과 비교하여 지역적인 차이도 함께 분석하였다. 이를 위해 농지가격 및 이자율 시계열 자료의 안정성을 검정하고, 장기농지가격을 예측하였다. 이를 활용하여 경북, 전남, 전국의 노인들의 월평균 지급액을 추정하였다. 분석결과 정책의 잠재적 수요가 가장 높은 두 지역이 가장 낮은 금액이 지급되는 것으로 추정되어 이는 또 다른 지역불균형을 초래할 수 있는 것으로 평가되었다.

This study analyzed the recognition of local residents surrounding farmland conversion area. The details of the survey on the residents included recognition of farmland conversion, the usage and reason of farmland conversion in the surrounding area, impacts of farmland conversion on the local region and agricultural production, and change in farmland prices. According to the analysis, the aging of the local residents progressed, and the ratio of farming population was high in the case study area. There were many warehouse facilities and small scale factories in terms of farmland conversion in the case study area, due to the surrounding area characteristics of industrial complex and relatively cheaper land prices. The farmland conversion affected the local area and residents both positively and negatively, and the surrounding area's land prices rose. The policy implications, based on the findings in this study, indicate the following need to be carried out: the consolidation of action on farmland pollution upon farmland conversion, review of planned collective conversion mode, and return of the land price hike profits to the affected local area and residents. Actually, farmland conversion should be conducted, after a comprehensive and systematic review, because it affects the local area and residents in a complex way.

The Farm Revival Program of the Farm Land Bank, implemented in 2006, initiated as the Agricultural Land Bank's business proposal to achieve efficient usage of farm land. Also, expansion of Farm Revival Program will bring positive effects when considering the fact that Farm Revival Program contributes to farm liability issues and management improvements. However, despite the importance of Farm Revival Program, searching for improvement methods through a rural demand survey is very insufficient. The following research limits the target to farms that applied for the management redemption project within Gangwon Province and examined the application motivation, project satisfaction, and demands of the farms. This research holds value as a fundamental data which reflects the demands of farms to better manage Farm Land Purchasing of the Farm Land Bank.

Under high agricultural automation in rice farming, cultivation acreage expansion can be considered for the economies of scale. Also, considering the circumstances of higher ratio in leased farms than independent farms, Long-term Leasing Business of Farmland can be the most public and transparent method to expand cultivation acreage for lease farming. Therefore, this research observes the various factors such as application motives, satisfaction, and demands of Long-term Leasing Business of Farmland, which the importance is on the rise and serves as a means to increase agricultural expansion, as well as its operational performance analysis. The research results and implications are as follows. Long-term Leasing Business of Farmland have positive effects such as ensuring stable farming through documental contract, providing convenience because the lease contractor requires no meetings during the contract period, providing opportunities to expand the farm size, and acquiring economical gain which is linked to satisfaction aspects of the businesses. On the other hand, demands such as strengthened business advertisement, writing business documents by correlating with related organizations, and clear lease price configuration were made by the businesses. To bring improvements, this research proposes; 1) expanding support to related businesses, 2) providing convenience through related organization correlations, and 3) configuring clear lease prices considering the regional conditions.

Smartphones change the picture of data and information sharing and make it possible to share various real-time flooding data and information. The vulnerability indicators of farmland inundation is needed to calculate the risk of farmland flood based on changeable hydro-meteorological data over time with morphologic characteristics of flood-damaged areas. To find related variables show the vulnerability of farmland inundation using the binary-logit model and correlation analysis and to provide vulnerability indicators were estimated by fuzzy set method. The outputs of vulnerability indicators were compared with the results of Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) for verification. From the result vulnerability indicators are applicable to mobile_based information system of farmland inundation.

Climate change has increased the number of floods and inundation on farmland. Recently various mobile applications through inundation mapping, flood forecasts and evacuation routes have been developed for the prevention and reduction of flood damages. However, most of current prevention systems for farmland flooding are still web-based systems relying on the field survey which needs a lot of human and time resources although mobile devices has been rapidly improved and widely used. The purpose of this study is to design a mobile application for preventing and reducing farmland flood and inundation damages and collecting damage information in real time. We put advanced mobile device functions such as GPS, network communications, cameras into our system design. This system implement 2way communication and intuitive application that will increase information efficiency and decrease flood damage. Our design has been tested through previous flooding data of Jinju city in 2010.

Farmland spatial data are needed as a basic information in conducting rational use of farmlands in regional scale. This study develops a method that can be used to make up such farmland spatial data in a simple way and to develop a technique to manage them in a unitary way, and examines the effectiveness of the technique by applying it to the case area. A method that Web-Service Raster Image and Digital Cadastal Map can be utilized as a base map was devised. It was designed applying the vector system, in which one lot of farmland is area unit. Raster image and field survey data were combined to increase the accuracy of data. The lot boundaries of the existing boundary map were adjusted to the shapes of actual farmlands using GIS edition function. A proper farmland use classification system to the area characteristics was established and data obtained from the field survey were coded. Usually it is very difficult to identify the size of one lot of actual farmland in the existing space data, based on the results of the case study, the result map showed actual topography very realistically. Also the frequently occurring lot divisions and the serious topographical modifications by natural disasters frequently have made it impossible to survey farmlands on the catastral map in the field. But the final map had a great usefulness in that it may solve such problems by expressing the filed survey results graphically.

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the regional economic impact of reverse mortgage system based on farmer's net asset of house and farmland together. The regional economic impact was estimated by using inter-regional input-output model. Major findings are as follows: 1) The result of input-output analysis shows that 49,130 million won of production effect, 20,040 million won of value added effect, and 24,759 number of employment effect, 2) Since the result shows that the elderly spend most of the reverse mortgage money for their living expenses, it seems necessary to adopt net asset based reverse mortgage system to improve and stabilize farmers' living conditions and regional economy.

Recently, Korean government has been initiating various schemes for reactivation of the marginal farmland use. However, although about ten years have passed from the introduction of the marginal farmland redevelopment projects in 1995, there have been very few research works on their systematic and objective appraisal. Therefore, this study checked the statutory concept and development schemes of the marginal farmland, firstly. Ant through case studies on 5 completed project sites and questionnaire/interview surveys on local government officers/private developers, problems and suggestions on project implementation were analysed. Finally, in consideration with analysed results and suggestions together, tentative project directions and reaction schemes on marginal farmland development were proposed.