백엽고병에 저항성이면서 조생인 IR50품종과 이병성이면서 조생인 Zhu-Lian-Ai 품종간 조합 에서 백엽고병 균주 JN7919에 대한 저항성의 유전양식 및 저항성 유전자와 출수특성간의 연관관계를 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 저항성과 이병성이 9:7로 분리되어 IR50품종의 백엽고병 저항성에는 2쌍의 우성유전자가 보족적으로 작용하는 것으로 표현되었다. 2. 조생과 만생이 7:9로 분리되어 IR50과 ZhuLian-Ai의 조생에는 서로 다른 한쌍씩의 유전자가 관여하고 있으며 이들은 상호보완적으로 작용하여 만생을 발현시키는 것으로 나타났다. 3. IR50의 백엽고병 저항성 유전자는 조생유전자와 연관되어 있으며 조환가는 로 추정되었다.

벼 품종에 대한 가해능력을 달리하는 벼멸구 생태형의 저항성품종에서의 우화율 유전양상을 분석하고자 실내에서 저항성 품종(Mudgo, ASD 7)을 식이로 이대사육해 인위적으로 유발시킨 유발생태형 2 및 3과 기존생태형 1 사이의 상호 정역교배를 실시하여 및 의 각세대 령 약충을 공시품종인 Mudgo, ASD 7 엽기 유묘에 접종하여 그 우화율을 조사하였다. 우화율에 대한 유전분석 결과, Mudgo에서의 생태형 2와 생태형 1사이의 조합에서는 생태형 2가 불완전 우성의 단일유전자 ASD 7에서의 생태형 3과 생태형 1 사이의 조합에서는 생태형 3이 불완전열성의 단일 유전자에 의해 우화율이 지배되며, 생태형 2와 생태형 3의 대립관계는 불명확하였다.

벼 흰빛잎마름병의 저항성의 품종간 차이와 그 유전양식을 조사하여 저항성품종육성의 기초자료로 활용코저 몇 가지 시험을 수행하여 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 최고분얼기와 출수기때의 저항성정도는 품종에 따라 상이한 반응을 보였고 공시품종중에서 IR2061-465-1-5-5, IR2061-553-6-9, IR1561-228-3-3, 밀양 42호는 공시된 3균주에 대해 최고분얼기나 출수기에 모두 높은 저항성을 보였다. 2. 질적저항성이 동일한 품종군에 속하는 품종중에서도 저항성정도의 양적인 차이는 크게 인정되었고, 그 차는 품종군별로는 밀양 23호군에서 균주별로는 II 균군에서 크게 나타났다. 3. IR2061-465-1-5-5와 IR1561-228-3-3의 II균군에 대한 저항성의 유전은 및 세대의 분리양상으로 보아 개의 유전인자에 의해 저항성이 지배된다고느 보기 어렵고 상당수의 유전인자가 이에 관여하는 것으로 생각된다.

본 시험은 애멸구의 MEP제에 대한 저항성이 유전적 특성에 기인된 것인지를 알아보기 위하여 나주지역의 야외집단을 채집하여 감수성인 실험실 계통과 교배하고 및 에 대하여 Probit 법으로 분석하고 을 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 나주지역의 애멸구 야외집단은이 자충충의 경우 0.0029ug/충으로 감수성인 실험실계통의0.0008ug/충에 비하여 저항성의 차를 타나내었다. 2. 나주지역 야외집단이 나타내는 저항성은 과 의 분석에서 및 사충율의 회귀가 저항성인 친쪽으로 가깝게 나타나는 경향을 보여 유전적 특성에 기인된다고 생각되었다. 3. 집단의은 양친의 중간 정도였으며 넓은 분산을 보이고 있어 MEP제에 대한 저항성의 유전은 수개의 유전자가 관여할 것으로 생각되었다.

In recent years, domestic animation films are committed to inheriting and carrying forward the traditional national culture. This article takes “Nezha”and “New Gods: Nezha Reborn”as an example to study the expression of traditional national culture from the perspective of cultural construction and audio-visual culture. It is concluded that the domestic animation focuses on the interpretation of the Chinese stories and the expression of the Chinese spirit, and uses the traditional elements to integrate the traditional culture with the modern context.

Suzhou Taohuawu Year Painting is one of the four major Year Paintings in China, which is a symbol of Jiangnan urban Year Painting. During the past years, it experienced fire in Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Cultural Revolution and the impact when offset printing replaced traditional woodcut Year Painting, covered all over with scars. Trying to start from the history of Year Painting, this article analyzes the difficulties in inheritance and innovation of Taohuawu, interprets the evolution of Taohuawu Year Painting from style, theme, skills, etc. Taohuawu Year Painting is a development hi-story of Year Painting, also a reflection of cultural development in Suzhou.

User empathy is a new trend for the inheritance and development of intangible cultural heritage in the new media era. Better inheritance of the 24 solar terms is not only a design study on its phenology, but also a return to design for innovation. With modern people pay more attention to the emotional experience, the humanized and emotional design is more acceptable. This paper will combine the "24 times telling of flowers wind", combine the unique aesthetic taste of flowers with design, and explore the new expression and interaction of the 24 solar terms caused by users' empathy, which has important reference value for the creation and development of intangible cultural heritage.

오랫동안, “무형문화유산”은 학술계에서 중점적인 연구대상이었을 뿐만 아니라 사회에서도 뜨거 운 관심을 받고 있다. 그러나 문화유산의 보호와 전승(傳承)의 기술에 있어서 뛰어난 방법을 아직 찾 지 못했다. 지금은 역시 전통전인 동영상 촬영과 문자소개, 녹음 등의 수단으로 이를 보호하고 전승 하고 있다. 이러한 상황에서 창의성이 있는 기술수단을 설계와 개발하고, 현재 주류 매체의 전파방식 과 결합해야 하고, 다양한 연령대의 주목을 이끌 수 있으며, 전체적으로 무형문화유산의 특징을 전시 할 수 있는 매체의 형식을 개발해야 할 필요가 있다. 그렇기 때문에 본문은 여러 가지 관학지식의 융 합으로 이례를 깨고 새로운 방법으로 무형문화유산의 보호와 전승을 진행하는데 중심을 두고 있다. 연구의 과정 중에서 무형문화유산의 전파 경로의 다양성을 연구 중점으로 하고 무형문화의 원소들을 게임, 애니메이션 등 현재 주류의 전파 매체 속으로 삽입한다. 여기서 우시(无錫)의 자사(紫砂)와 혜산 진흙인형(惠山泥人)을 선출하여 연관된 이론을 엄밀하게 연구하고 이들의 특징과 발전궤적을 분석하여 애니메이션의 원소를 설정하고 상대적으로 완벽한 게임 과 애니메이션의 방안을 기획한다. 최종적으로 우시의 자사와 혜산 진흙인형(惠山泥人)의 모체(母體) 를 무형문화유산의 주제로 애니메이션의 설계를 진행할 것이며 몰입성과 취미성을 더하여 무형문화유 산의 보호 작업을 효율적으로 전개하고 추진한다.

To reveal the linkage relationship between the Ms locus, a restorer-of-fertility gene for cytoplasmic male-sterility (CMS) caused by CMS-S cytoplasm in onion (Allium cepa L.) and previously reported molecular markers linked to the Ms locus, 11 recombinants selected from 4,273 segregating plants originating from the cross between male-sterile maternal and male-fertile paternal lines were analyzed. Results showed that genotypes of a codominant marker, jnurf12, were perfectly matched with the male-fertility phenotypes in all recombinants, but that this marker was not applicable in diverse breeding lines due to multiple band patterns. For the development of more reliable markers, a 12-bp indel was identified from the sequences which were obtained by genome walking, and was used to develop a simple PCR marker which was designated jnurf13. When 104 diverse breeding lines containing CMS-S cytoplasm were analyzed with the jnurf13 marker, male-fertility phenotypes of all breeding lines were perfectly matched with marker genotypes. To our surprise, phenotypes of 153 breeding lines containing CMS-T-like cytoplasm were also matched with genotypes of the jnurf13 marker which was linked to the Ms locus for the CMS-S system. Furthermore, phenotypes of four F2 populations containing CMS-T-like cytoplasm co-segregated perfectly with jnurf13 genotypes. Allelic segregation distortion was detected in two F2 populations using the jnurf13 maker. The results of this study were in conflict with a previous model for inheritance of fertility restoration in the CMS-T system. Therefore, we proposed a new model based on the data analyzed with the jnurf13 marker, which was in linkage disequilibrium with restorer-of-fertility genes for both CMS systems.

The appearance of C is closely related to a subject license since TPs selected by C generally involve the subject. It is C-T feature inheritance (Chomsky 2008) that guarantees and formalizes this relation. According to C-T feature inheritance, uninterpretable features (i.e., Tense and Agree(φ)) of T originate from C and they must be transmitted to T before the complement TP of C is transferred. This squib focuses on providing some cases that Tense or Agree(φ) features on C are not transmitted to T in English, thus remaining on C.

헤어리베치의 꽃색 중 보라색, 분홍색, 백색의 유전 양상을 구명하기 위하여 보라색 꽃 품종(청풍보라), 분홍색 꽃 품종(Mamecho) 그리고 백색 꽃 품종(HV-Kw1) 상호 간에 교잡하여 잡종 2세대(F2)에서 꽃색 분리 비율을 조사하고, 또한 분홍색과 연분홍색 사이의 유전 양상을 조사하기 위하여 연분홍색 꽃 품종(HV-Mp1)과 분홍색 꽃 품종(Mamecho)을 교잡하여 F2에서 꽃색 분리 비율을 조사한 결과 백색/보라색 조합과, 보라색/분홍색 조합에서 보라색은 백색과 분홍색에 대해 3 : 1의 비율로 분리하였고, 연분홍색/분홍색 조합에서 분홍색 3, 연분홍색 1의 비율로 분리하였으나, 백색/분홍색 조합의 F2 집단에서는 보라색 9, 분홍색 3, 백색 4의 비율로 분리하였다. 이러한 헤어리베치 꽃색 유전분리 결과로 볼 때 본 연구에서 사용된 품종들의 보라색, 분홍색, 그리고 백색 꽃은 서로 다른 두 쌍의 유전자 열성상위 작용에 의해 발현되며, 연분홍색은 분홍색에 대하여 단일 열성관계인 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 헤어리베치 품종 육성의 기초 자료로 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Exserohilum turcicum is considered serious destructive disease of maize (Zea mays L.) in North Korea. This study aimed to understand genetic inheritance and combining ability of newly bred lines of maize tolerant to E. turcicum by diallel crosses. Three diallel sets for two different ecological regions and one agronomic trait; eastern (E), northern (N) and stay green (SG) involving 29 inbred lines were tested in eight locations of 2000 and 2001. E. turcicum infections were under natural conditions, respectively. Lines used were selected for high yield potential in test crosses with good agronomic traits and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Selection for race specific high resistance to biotic stresses was avoided to select quantitatively inherited genes. Host plant responses to E. turcicum were rated on a scale of 1 (highly tolerant) to 9 (highly susceptible). Highly significant variations were recorded in all trials. General combining ability (GCA) mean square was roughly twice that of specific combining ability (SCA). The genotype (G) by environment (E) interaction was highly significant. The overall results of genetic studies in three diallel sets show that genetic control for inbred tolerance to E. turcicum is polygenic and quantitatively inherited. New inbreds; E-3, N-1 and SG-4 confer better tolerance to E. turcicum than the widely used inbreds; Mo17, and B73. Proper use of genetic information from this study shall increase of corn production under high E. turcicum infection in the Far Eastern Regions of Korea and China.

Phytophthora capsici Leonian causes root rot and stem blight in pepper (Capsicum spp.) and is a serious threat to pepper production because of its ability to infect every root, stem, and leaf at any developmental stage. Recently, pepper F1 cultivars resistant to Phytophthora root rot have been commercially released in Korea. However, despite many studies, the inheritance of resistance remains controversial due to differences in experimental methods, including pepper materials, pathogen isolates, inoculation conditions, and evaluation methods. Our aim was to determine the inheritance of Phytophthora root rot resistance by using three different F2 populations derived from crosses between ‘CM334’ (a resistant male parent) and three Korean landraces, ‘Subicho’ ‘Daehwacho’ and ‘Chilsungcho’ (susceptible female parents), and inoculating them with three different pathogen densities (1 ¯ 10 4 , 1 ¯ 105 , and 1 ¯ 106 zoospores/ml). The distribution patterns were varied, depending upon female parental susceptibility as well as inoculum densities. For example, as the inoculum density increased, pepper survival rates decreased. In all of the inheritance analyses, one common dominant resistant gene was participated in resistance to Phytophthora root rot. In addition, we found that a complementary gene, together with the major dominant gene, was necessary for resistance at a high (10 6 ) inoculum density, based on a 9:7 (R:S) segregation ratio. This study will be helpful in developing molecular markers linked to genes that are resistant to Phytophthora root rot.

Most of cultivated chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) have been found to be polyaneuploid with hexaploid, 2n=6x=54, predominant. Cytological studies has shown that bivalent were normally formed and multivalent were rare during meiosis. These meiotic behavior reflected that the chromosome of chrysanthemum paired with its homologue preferentially and diploid-like inheritance was occurring. However, several genetic researches was in contrast to this hypothesis, based on the results of genetic analysis. Therefore, it is important to determine whether the mode of inheritance in chrysanthemum is disomic (selective pairing) or hexasomic (random pairing). ‘Dancer’ and ‘Puma White’, and their 94 crossing progenies were genotyped using 84 SSR primers. Alleles of each SSR locus were determined by length of PCR product with fluorescently labeled primers using ABI 3730 DNA Analyzer and GeneMapper 3.0 software (Applied Biosystems). A total of 210 types of alleles were detected in 49 SSR loci (4.29 allele types/locus). The observed segregation ratio of these alleles for 94 crossing progenies showed better fits to hexasomic than disomic. Moreover, based on the genotyping results, the genotypes of ‘Dancer’ and ‘Puma White’ were analyzed as BCDEFF and AACEEE in ChSSR-61 locus, respectively. And the genotypes of PD-33 and PD-51 were analyzed as ABDEEF and ABDEEF, respectively. It means that BDF alleles of PD-33 and BEE alleles of PD-51 were given from ‘Dancer’. If the chromosome is paired preferentially, the B allele would pair with C allele, D with E, and F with E at this locus of ‘Dancer’. But it was found PD-75 as AADEEF without B and C alleles. This is a clear evidence that the mode of inheritance in chrysanthemum is not disomic but hexasomic.

Leaf chlorophyll-deficient mutants controlled by y9 locus have been observed frequently and are useful in genetic studies in soybean. So far, 19 single recessive gene yellow leaf mutants and one duplicate recessive gene mutant have been described. The y9 type found in T135 is yellow at emergence, becoming greenish-yellow by maturity. Soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor protein has been proposed as one of the major antinutritional factor. The absence of Kunitz trypsin inhibitor protein in mature seed is inherited as a recessive allele designated ti. The objective of this research was to confirm independent inheritance between ti gene and y9 gene. The F1 seeds from Gaechuck#1 (Kunitz trypsin inhibitor protein absent, normal leaf type) x C-142 (Kunitz trypsin inhibitor protein present, leaf chlorophyll -deficient) were obtained. F1 seeds obtained were planted in a greenhouse and F1 hybridity was checked on morphological traits. All F2 seeds were planted at field in May 2012. Leaf chlorophyll-deficient trait of F2 individual plants will be recorded at growth stage from field. Presence and absence of Kunitz trypsin inhibitor protein will be checked by SDS-PAGE based on each F₂single plant. Chi-square analysis was used to test the goodness-of-fit of observed ratios with expected ratios for independent assortment or linkage.

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] proteins are widely used for human and animal feed in the world. Glycinin (11S globulin) and β-conglycinin (7S globulin) account for storage protein from 70% to 80% in soybean seed. 7S globulin protein exhibits poorer nutritional and food processing properties. β-conglycinin is composed of α’, α, and β-subunits. α′-subunit of 7S globulin are main antinutritional factors in soybean seed. The absence of α′-subunit were controlled by single recessive alleles, cgy1. Leaf chlorophyll-deficient mutants controlled by y9 locus have been observed frequently and are useful in genetic studies in soybean. So far, 19 single recessive gene yellow leaf mutants and one duplicate recessive gene mutant have been described. The y9 type found in T135 is yellow at emergence, becoming greenish-yellow by maturity. The objective of this research was to confirm the linkage or independent assortment between cgy1 gene and y9 gene. The F1 seeds from C-142 (α′-subunit of 7S globulin present, leaf chlorophyll -deficient: Cgy1Cgy1y9y9 genotype) x PI line (α′-subunit of 7S globulin absent, normal leaf type: cgy1cgy1Y9Y9 genotype) were obtained. F1 seeds obtained were planted in a greenhouse and F1 hybridity was checked on morphological traits. All F2 seeds were planted at field in May 2012. Leaf chlorophyll-deficient trait of F2 individual plants will be recorded at growth stage from field. Presence and absence of α′-subunit of 7S globulin protein will be checked by SDS-PAGE based on each F₂single plant. Chi-square analysis was used to test the goodness-of-fit of observed ratios with expected ratios for independent assortment or linkage.

인체내에서 소화불량 및 알레르기 반응을 일으킴으로써 콩의 품질을 저하시키는 물질인 Kunitz trypsin inhibitor(KTI) 단백질이 결핍되고, P34 단백질을 적게 함유하는 콩 계통을 선발하기 위해서, 현재까지 보고되지 않은 KTI 단백질의 유무와 P34 단백질 함량간의 유전관계에 대한 정보를 얻기 위하여 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 07B1과 PI567476의 교배를 통해 얻어진 479개의 F2 종자를 대상으로 SDS-PAGE를 이용한 KTI 단백질의 유무를 확인한 결과, KTI 단백질이 존재하는 종자의 수는 353개, 결핍된 종자는 126개로 3 : 1로 분리하였다. 2 Western blot을 이용한 P34 단백질의 함량을 확인 한 결과, P34 단백질 함량이 보통 또는 높은 종자가 363개, 함량이 낮은 종자는 116개로 P34 단백질 함량에 대한 유전분리비는 3 : 1로 나타났다. 3. 전체 F2 종자 479개 중에서 KTI 단백질이 존재하며, P34 단백질 함량이 보통 또는 높은 종자가 266개, KTI 단백질이 존재하고 P34 단백질 함량이 낮은 종자가 88개, KTI 단백질이 결핍이고 P34 단백질함량이 보통 또는 높은 종자가 102개, KTI 단백질이 결핍이며 P34 단백질 함량이 적은 종자가 23개로 9:3:3:1의 분리비에 적합하여 KTI 단백질 유무와 P34 단백질 함량간에는 독립유전을 하였다.