음악의 요소 중 불협화음은 많은 연구 결과에 따라 불쾌를 일으킨다고 여겨져 왔지만, 불협화음의 종류에 따른 인지적 역할에 대해 살펴본 연구는 희소하다. 본 연구는 불협화음의 음정 간격에 따라 특정한 정서를 일으키는지, 인지 간섭에 영향을 주는지 알아보고자 두 가지 실험을 진행하였다. 실험 1에서는 불협화음의 종류에 따라 다른 부 정적 정서가 느껴질 것이라고 예상하였다. 131명을 대상으로 설문조사를 시행한 결과 불협화음은 저 각성 부적정서 보다 고 각성 부적정서를 많이 일으켰다. 특히 장 7도의 음정이 다른 불협화음보다 무섭다는 응답이 유의하게 많았 다. 실험 2에서는 불협화음의 불협화 정도에 따라 인지간섭에 차등적인 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 하였다. 81명을 대상으로 색-단어 스트룹 과제를 실시한 결과 불협화음은 모두 소리가 없는 조건에서보다 응답 시간이 느렸고, 오답 률 또한 높았다. 특히 단 2도는 실험에 사용된 불협화음 중 가장 느린 응답 시간을 나타냈다. 본 연구는 불협화음의 종류가 부적정서와 인지간섭에 유의한 영향을 주는 것을 보여주었다.

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding is an important issue in modern daily life due to the increasing prevalence of electronic devices and their compact design. This study estimated EMI-shielding effect (EMI-SE) of small (8–14×17 mm) Hanji (Korean traditional paper) doped with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and compared to Hanji without CNT using 2H (92.1 MHz) and 23Na (158.7 MHz) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) peak area data obtained from 1 M NaCl in D2O samples in capillary tubes that were wrapped in the Hanji samples. The simpler method of using the variation of reflected power and tuning frequency by inserting the sample into an NMR coil was also tested at 242.9, 158.7, and 92.1 MHz. Overall, EMI shielding was relatively more effective at the higher frequencies. Our results validated that NMR methods to be useful to evaluate EMI-SE, particularly for small, flexible shielding materials, and demonstrated that EMI shielding by absorption is dominant in Hanji mixed with CNT.

Amino acid transporters are essential for the growth and proliferation in all living cells. Among the amino acid transporters, the system L amino acid transporters are the major nutrient transport system responsible for the Na+-independent transport of neutral amino acids including several essential amino acids. The L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is over-expressed to support cell growth in malignant tumors. The double stranded RNA-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) analysis can be in a wide variety of eukaryotes to induce the sequence-specific inhibition of gene expression. In this study, we examined the effect of LAT1 short interfering RNA (siRNA) on cell growth using siRNA of LAT1 in the KB human oral squamous cell carcinoma. In the RT-PCR analysis and western blot analysis, the siRNA of LAT1 inhibited expressions of LAT1 mRNA and protein. The uptake of [14C]L-leucine was inhibited by siRNA of LAT1. In the MTT assay, the siRNA of LAT1 inhibited the growth of the KB cells in the time-dependent manner, indicating that the growth inhibition of KB cell by the siRNA of LAT1 is induced by the blocking of neutral amino acid transport mediated by LAT1. These results suggest that the transport of neutral amino acids including several essential amino acids into the KB human oral squamous cell carcinoma is mediated mainly by LAT1. Further, the LAT1 would be a new target for the inhibition of cancer cell growth.

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 주의초점 간 맥락간섭이 초보자의 배드민턴 하이클리어 학습에 미치는 영향을 규명하는 것이다. 방법: 배드민턴 초보자 대학생 30명을 내적주의지침만 제시된 불변연습집단, 외적주의지침만 제시된 불변 연습집단, 내/외적주의지침이 무선적으로 제시된 무선연습집단에 무작위로 각각 10명씩 배정하였다. 사전검사, 습득단계, 지연 파지 및 전이검사에서 배드민턴 하이클리어 수행의 절대오차, 가변오차, 전체오차를 계산하였다. 결과: 지연 파지검사결과, 내적주의지침이 제시된 불변연습집단과 무선연습집단은 외적주의지침이 제시된 불변연습 집단보다 정확성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 성취도에서는 무선연습집단에서 통계적으로 유의한 지연 파지효과가 나타났다. 결론: 초보자의 배드민턴 하이클리어 학습에서 내/외적주의지침을 무선적으로 제시하는 방법이 단일한 주의지침을 반복적으로 제시하는 방법보다 효과적일 수 있으며 맥락간섭을 적용한 주의초점지침이 운동기능학습을 촉진시키는 새로운 주의초점형태로 제시될 수 있다.

Purpose: The contextual interference effect is a theory crucial for explaining the importance of efficient practice and its application in the field, and representative hypotheses on the theory are elaboration hypothesis and reconstruction hypothesis. as the recent studies on contextual interference by Lin et al. (2008, 2009, 2010) and Cross et al. (2007) support different hypotheses, this study purposed to examine the time point and tasks of interest in order to compare the result of the two hypotheses Methods: The subjects were 36 right‐handed male and female adults aged between 19 and 32, and they were divided into two groups (n=18 each) at random according to practice condition (blocked practice/random practice). In each group, 9 subjects were given transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS) before task performance and the other 9 were given TMS after task performance. In the test, key pressing response time was used, and each group had the acquisition phase (1st day), and retention test and transfer test (2nd day), and then response time measurements were analyzed statistically Results: When TMS was given after task performance in the acquisition phase, the performance level was lower in the blocked practice group, but in the retention test when TMS was given before task performance the stimulation hindered the random practice group’s learning and lowered its performance level and consequently the contextual interference effect did not occur. Conclusion: After task performance in the acquisition phase, the information process occurs between tasks in the resting phase, and at the same time, the information process occurs in the preparation phase before task performance and affects learning. Accordingly, both the retention phase before task performance suggested by the reconstructive hypothesis and the resting phase after task performance suggested by the elaboration hypothesis can be the time points when contextual interference occurs between tasks, and therefore it is concluded that the reconstructive hypothesis and elaboration hypothesis may coexist with each other.

본 연구에서는 콩팥 초음파 검사에서 발견된 콩팥 낭종 증례에서 낭종 내 초음파 간섭에 의한 허상이 진단에 미치는 영향 정도를 공학적 방법으로 해석하는 방안을 제안하였다. 제안된 방법으로 실험한 결과 육안적 방법으로 판단한 방법은 초음파 간섭의 효과로 발생하는 낭종 내의 에코를 구별하지 못하고 간과할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 종괴 내의 미미한 신호의 차이를 본 연구에서 수행한 결과를 이용한다면 오진을 사전에 예방할 수 있을 것이다.