OXI-PAN fibers, Kynol fibers and rayon fibers were used as precursorsfor the preparation of activated carbon fibers (ACFs) by chemical activation with KOH at 800℃. The effects of different precursorfibers and fiber/KOH ratios on the final ACFs are discussed. The precursor fibers used are appropriate for the ACFs in a single stage pyrolysis process. The OXI-PAN fibers which were activated with KOH of 2.0M showed a specific surface area of 2328m2/g however, loosed the fiber shape because of low yields. The Kynol fibers and Rayon fibers showed the high yields but the lower specific surface area of 900m2/g and 774m2/g, respectively, at KOH of 1.5M. The OXI-PAN fibers which were activated with KOH of 1.5M have a specific surface area of 1028m2/g and higher micro-pore volumes and lower yields rather than Kynol-1.5 and Rayon-1.5 samples. This phenomenon is because of higher chemical resistance of the Kynol and Rayon fibers rather than OXI-PAN fibers. However, the Kynol fibers were the best precursors on KOH activation at 800℃ considered carbon yields, surface areas and micropore volumes.

The role of KOH in the one-stage KOH-activation of rice straws was studied using FTIR, XPS, TGA, and DTG techniques.It was found that at the impregnation, KOH extracts to some extent the lignin component from rice straw and reacts withhydroxyl groups. On heat-treatment, the impregnated KOH facilitates intermolecular condensation reaction on one hand butretards the thermal degradation of cellulose molecules on the other hand. The oxygen-containing surface functional groupsnewly created by oxidation of KOH may facilitate the bulk, not controlled, consumption of carbon atoms so that the effectiveporosities may not be able to be developed by the one-stage activation process.

Naphtha cracking bottom oil was reformed with heat treatment and then spun at 310℃. These pitch-based carbon fibers were carbonized at 1000℃ after oxidation at 280℃, for 90 min. These fibers were chemically activated with molar ratio of KOH/CF (1 : 1) at different temperatures (250~900℃) for 1 hr. The process of activation was characterized with DTA, TGA, BET surface area and pore size distribution. The activation of fibers by KOH was performed by several process. One is the reduction process that carbon fiber was reacted with K2O produced from dehydration process above 400℃. The other is the process that K2CO3 was directly reacted with carbon fiber. At 800℃, the activation was performed by catalyzed mechanism that K2O was obtained from the reaction of metal potassium with CO2, then was changed to K2CO3. At 870℃, the activation was also observed that activation mechanism was promoted by metal catalyst with CO2 from decomposition of K2CO3. The specific surface area of prepared activated carbon fibers was dependent on the activation mechanism. The specific surface area was in the range of 1519~2000 cm3/g and was the largest prepared at 870℃. The pores developed were mostly micropores which was very narrow and uniform. The total pore volume was 0.58~0.77 cm3/g.

한국전쟁 직후부터 우리나라의 반공주의는 곧 친정부 및 친미주의를 고수하는 것으로 이해되었고, 정부와 미국에 비판적 입장을 표명하는 것은 반정부, 친공 행위로 오해되었다. 이와 같은 측면에서 볼 때 고영근은 독특 한 행보를 보였다. 그는 출옥 성도들의 보수적인 신앙으로부터 영향을 받았다. 그리고 북한에서 공산주의자들에게 핍박당한 경험과 한국전쟁에 참전하여 인민군대의 비참한 현실을 목격하였기 때문에 강경한 반공의식을 내면화할 수밖에 없었다. 그럼에도 불구하고 민주화 운동이 한창이던 1970 년-1980년대에 고영근은 정부와 미국에 대한 비판적 입장을 고수하였다. 그는 우리나라의 정치체제가 공산 독재 국가들과 유사하고 미국이 우리나 라의 군벌 정권을 방조함으로써 실질적으로 자국의 이익만을 추구한다고 보았다. 고영근이 이와 같이 미국에 대한 비판적 이해를 가질 수밖에 없었던 이유는 그가 한국전쟁을 통해 경험한 미국 이해와 연관이 있을 것이다. 그것은 한국전쟁 당시, 특히 포로수용소에서 경험했던 미국의 부정적인 모습들이었다. 그가 포로수용소에서 목격한 미군의 반공포로들에 대한 무분별한 조치들이 한반도에 대한 미국의 태도를 상징하는 것으로 여겨진 것이다. 물론 미국에 대한 고영근의 태도는 한반도를 둘러싼 국제정세에 대한 그의 혜안에 따른 것이기도 하였다. 2016년-2017년 일단의 기독교인들이 성조기와 십자가를 들고 행진한 모습은 그동안 주류 한국교회가 친정부 및 반공주의와 친미주의를 견지하는 것을 기독교 신앙과 동일한 가치로 이해되어 왔음을 잘 말해준다. 그러나 고영근은 친정부 및 반공주의 그리고 친미주의를 견지하는 것이 기독교 신앙과 동일한 가치가 될 수 없음을 보여주었다. 이와 같은 고영근의 행적은 한국교회가 신앙과 이념에 대해 견지할 수 있는 하나의 모습이라고 본다.

기후변화의 원인으로는 온실가스의 과량 배출이 문제화 되는 현 시점에서 온실가스 중 가장 많은 양을 차지하는 이산화탄소의 경우 기후변화에 미치는 영향이 다른 종류의 온실가스보다 크다는 것은 널리 알려진 사실이다. 여러 분야의 산업과 인간 활동에서 발생하는 이산화탄소를 KOH 흡수제를 통해 흡수된 CO2양을 측정하고 발전소 탈황 공정에서 발생하는 ASH를 첨가하여 반응시켜 생성된 CaCO3를 다른 유용한 물질로 전환하여 자원화하고 재사용하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 KOH 흡수제 농도에 따른 CO2 흡수량 측정과 KOH 흡수제와 흡수첨가제(piperazine)을 함께 넣고 흡수된 CO2양을 측정하였다. 또한, CO2 loading curve 이용하여 CO2 흡수량을 계산하였으며, 화력발전소의 탈황공정에서 발생하는 ASH와 CO2가 흡수된 KOH를 수용액과 반응시켜 생성된 시간당 CaCO3의 양을 측정하고 분석기기 XRD(X-Ray Diffraction)와 SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope)을 사용하여 결정 구조와 표면 구조를 분석하였다.

The formation potential and pathway of less-chlorinated PCBs, including mono- and di-chlorinated biphenyls, was investigated when PCBs contained in transformer oil were dechlorinated by commercial treatment. Potassium hydroxide with polyethylene glycol (PEG-600) was used for dechlorination of PCBs, and its destruction efficiency to whole 209 congeners of PCBs was 97.1% on average, ranging from 95.6% to 98.2%. Homologue of mono-CBs showed the negative destruction efficiencies, while those of highly-chlorinated ones through tri- to deca-CBs showed better efficiencies than about 99%. In particular, mono-chlorinated biphenyl in meta-position (#2) was about 34-47 times enriched after dechlorination, thus the reactivity seemed to be in the order of ortho-, para-, and meta-chorinated biphenyl. Co-planar PCBs' dechlorination efficiency was averaged as high as 99.4%, but 3,4,4',5-TeCB (#81) showed a relatively lower efficiency than others' in one case. Not only sodium metal but also alkaline metal such as potassium was thought of affecting the formation or enrichment of mono-chlorinated biphenyls produced by Wrutz-Fittig reaction as intermediates and products.

Two different kinds of cases, with and without addition of noncrystalline silica to the Hadong kaolin were studied to obtain useful information on the synthesis of zeolite. The research was carried out to investigate the formation area and the crystalized degree of zeolite according to a synthetic time, the water content of raw material mixture, KOH concentration, and stirring intensity. In the case of without addition of noncrystalline silica to the Hadong kaolin and the low concentration range of KOH, the structure of the kaolin was not changed. However, when the mole ratio of K2O/SiO2 in natural kaolin was increased, Linde-L zeolite and unknown structure of kaolins, U-1 and U-2 were produced. While in the high concentration range of KOH, the unknown structure of kaolins, U-6 and U-2, were produced and the production rate of U-6 was increased with the increased of K2O/SiO2 mole ratio. In the case of with addition of noncrystalline silica to the Hadong kaolin and treatment with KOH hydrothermal processing, ZSM-5, ZSM-35, and Linde-L zeolites and the mixture of unknown structure of zeolites, U-1, U-2, U-3, and U-4, were obtained. Both cases demonstrated that the synthesis of zeolite from the Hadong kaolin was highly influenced by KOH concentration of raw material mixture.

Dissolution experiments were conducted to understand chemical nature of weathering of anorthosite from the Hadong area. Anorthosite and plagioclase from it were reacted with HCl or KOH solutions under various conditions concerning such as grain size, initial pH of solutions, and shaking Average composition of plagioclase used in the experiment was Na0.32Ca0.71Al1.71Si2.28O8.Under acidic conditions, solution pH increases rapidly in the initial stage and then gradually to reach palteau. Shaking agitates the reaction rate in the initial stage but does not affect after the system reached steady state. Ca and si concentrations show rapid increase and then gradual increase. Al concentration increases rapidly in the early stage and then decreases. Later decrease was interpreted as the precipitation of an Al-bearing material. Different dissolution rates of different constituents of plagioclase together the with precipitation of al-bearing material might be responsible for the non-stoichiometric dissolution of plagioclase.X-ray diffraction analyses on anorthosite before and after dissolution experiment show dissolution rates differ with different lattice planes of plagioclase. It suggests the crystallographic control on dissolution reaction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic result shows that the average composition of plagioclase surface reacted with HCL of initial pH 1.97 for 2000 hours is Na0.20Ca0.26Al1.7Si2.3O8. It means that Na- and Ca-depleted H-feldspar is developed without Al-depleted layer on the surface of plagioclase by reaction with HCl and that dissolution reaction takes place sparsely on the surface of plagioclase. Al and Si are dissolved preferentially over Ca from anorthosite powder in KHO solution. Reaction of acid-reacted anorthosite with KOH solution shows the same Si dissolution behavior as in the fresh anorthosite. This indicates that the Al-depleted and Si-enriched layer does not build up on the acid-reacted surface.

우리나라 주요 벼 재배품종 및 신육성계통(자포니카: 25품종, 통일형:8품종)에 대한 쌀 알칼리 붕괴성의 품종적 특이성을 분시검토하여 보고자 KOH 농도를 0.8-1.8까지 0.2% 간격으로 처리하여 농도별 쌀의 알칼리 붕괴반응을 조사하고 주성분분석법을 적용하여 품종적 유형을 분류하였다. 주성분분석에서 상위 2개 주성분치의 변이가 전변이량의 92%을 차지하였고 제1 및 제2 주요분치 좌표상의 품종분포에 따라 크게 4개 유형으로 군집화 시킬 수 있었다. 제 I 군에서는 전 KOH 농도에 걸쳐 거의 비슷하게 알칼리 붕괴성(ADV)가 낮은 도봉벼만 유일하게 분포하였고, 제 II군에는 1.4% KOH 농도에서 중간정도의 ADV 이면서 고-저 알칼리 농도 ADV간차가 중도인 백운찰벼, 신선찰벼 및 수원 34002 등 찰벼가 포함되어 있었다. 제 III군에는 1.4% KOH 농도에서 중-중고의 ADV 이면서 저-고 KOH 농도간 ADV 변화가 심했던 대부분의 통일형 품종과 자포니카 조생계가 분포되어 있었고 육도농림찰 001와 한강 찰벼등은 이 유형에 포함되어 있었다. 제 IV군에는 1.4% KOH 농도에서 ADV가 중고이상으로 높으면서 고-저 알칼리 농도 ADV간차가 중-중고인 중생 및 중만생 자포니카 품종들이 주로 분포 하였으며 조생인 금조벼가 이 유형에 속하였다. 여기서 제 1 주성분은 전 알칼리 농도에서 평균적으로 표현되는 붕괴성 정도였고 제 2 주성분은 저-고 KOH 농도의 ADV간 차 또는 KOH 농도에 따른 ADV 변화의 회귀계수와 밀접하게 관련된 요소였다. 1.2%-1.4% KOH 농도에서의 ADV는 저-고 KOH 농도간 ADV차와 2차 곡선 회귀계수를 나타내었다.세째, 질적관리가 매우 중시되는 고위험 신생아의 집중관리를 위한 '표준 의료관리지침서' 마련, 네째, 동 시설 및 관리에 준하여 주산기 의료시설에 대한 감독 및 감시기능 강화를 위한 제도적 장치가 마련되어야 할 것이다. to bed", 15.8 percent is "After breakfast", 13.3 percent is "After every meal", 5.2 percent is "Before breakfast" and 4.7 percent is "The sometimes it occurs to them". 3. The acquirement process of knowledge on the dental health were clinics or health center dentists (27.6%), TV(24.5%), magazine(9.2%), school(7.8%), relatives(5.3%). and 25.6 percent has never acquired. 28.3 percent of the farmers learned something by clinics and 28.1 percent of them haven′t heard about dental health. 4. The rate of persons who experienced oral diseases during 1 year period was 76.1 percent, and that of the educated was 19.9 percent and that of the uneducated 80.1 percent. The authorities concerned with treatment were dentist′