Rabies is a zoonotic disease that causes severe destruction to the central nerve system which is usually fatal. It is one of the most important disease around the world and particular in Asia because of the high costs of prevention and post-exposure treatment. After the recurrence of sylvatic rabies in 1993, the number of raccoon dog mediating rabies cases in Korea has maintained annually until 2011. To better understand the current rabies epidemics in Korea, Korean rabies isolate (SKRBV0601GY) from Gyeonggi province in 2006 was compared with previous isolates in Korea and with isolates originating from the North-East Asia, such as Japan, China and Russia, based on complete nucleoprotein (N) gene sequences. By comparison of the N genes among these viruses, SKRBV0601GY revealed that nucleotide similarity ranged from 97.7 to 99.7%, 96.4 to 97.5%, 91.4 to 96.3%, 89.2 to 90% and 86.1 to 88.1% with Korean isolates, "Arctic-like-2" viruses, "Arctic" viruses, Russian group C - E and Chinese isolates, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses of the isolates revealed that the Korean isolate in 2006 belonged to Korean group B. The topology of the phylogenetic tree of Korean isolates related not the species and year of isolation but the geological location of the virus isolates. All of the Korean isolates showed close relationship to the "Arctic-like-2" virus (Russian group B) more than the "Arctic" virus (Russian group A) and all of the Chinese isolates (Chinese group A, B and C). The "Arctic-like-2" virus group contains the Japanese isolate and Russian group B viruses, originating from the south of East Siberia and Far East in Russia. These molecular data demonstrated that the current rabies epizootic in Korea developed independently of Chinese groups and originated from the "arctic-like-2" viruses in detail.

One hundred one enterococcal isolates from feces of livestock animals in Korea were screened for the presence of bacteriocins. Sixteen of 41 (39%) E. faecalis and 4 of 56 (7.1%) E. faecium isolates showed antimicrobial activity against at least one indicator strain. Only 4 of 20 the enterococcal isolates showing antimicrobial activity possessed at least one bacteriocin gene. While entA and entB were detected in three isolates as a pair of genotype, entQ, bac31, and AS-48 were not found in the enterococcal isolates. In almost all isolates, a correlation between genotype and phenotype of these determinants was not always observed.

Five strains of Korean entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN), steinernematids and heter-orhabditids were evaluated and tried in laboratory, pot, and vegetable greenhouses for environmentally friendly control of diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, from 2002 to 2005. LC₅₀ values of five EPN strains against DBM were different depending on nematode strain and DBM instar. LC₅₀ value of Steinernema carpocapsae GSN1 (GSN1) was the lowest representing 2.6~3.9 infective juveniles (Ijs, 3rd stage) to 2nd to 4th instars of DBM. Pathogenicity of five effective strains against DBM was different depending on nematode strain, concentration, application times, and vegetable in pot. The most effective nematode was GSN1. Steinernema spp. was more effective than Heterorhabditis spp. against DBM. Two or three times of applications of EPN were effective regardless of nematode strain and concentration in pot. Efficacy of EPN was different depending on vegetable species. Efficacy was higher on Chinese cabbage, red mustard, and Ssamchoo than that on cabbage, kale, and leaf broccoli. Efficacy of GSN1, Steinernema GSNUS-10, Steinernema GSNUS-14, and Heterorhabditis GSNUH-l was variable depending on nematode strain, concentration, application times, and vegetable in greenhouse experiments. GSN1 was the most effective and 100,000 infective juveniles per ㎡ (=1 × 10⁹ Ijs/ha) resulted in higher efficacy. Three times of application of nematodes led to higher control efficacy than one or two applications. Efficacy of nematodes was higher on Chinese cabbage than cabbage or kale in greenhouse.

느타리버섯 재배사에서 버섯혹파리(Mycophila speyeri)에 대한 한국산 곤충병원성 선충 Steinernema carpocapsae 포천 계통, S. logicaudum 논산 계통, S. glaseri 동래 계통, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora 함양 계통과 Heterorabditis sp. 경산 계통의 방제효과를 평가하였다. 5종의 한국산곤충병원성 선충 중 버섯혹파리에 대한 방제는 steinernema 속 3종보다 Heterorhabditis 속 2종의 효과가 높았다. 방제효과가 가장 높았던 종은 H. bacteriophora 함양 계통이었으며, 당 마리로 처리한 7일, 14일, 21일째 방제효과는 창녕에서 였고, 마리로 처리했을 때는 였다. 그리고 진주에서는 마리로 처리한 7일, 14일, 21일째 방제효과가 였으며, 마리로 처리했을 때는 였다.

Blast resistance of one hundred and thirty-one rice cultivars bred in Korea was tested with thirty Korean isolates and twenty-two Philippines isolates using three screening methods. In the blast nursery conducted in Korea and in the Philippines, average disease index of rice cultivars were 4.6 and 2.2, respectively. Seventy-nine cultivars showed different resistance reaction in Korea and in the Philippines, and 19 cultivars showed the same resistant reaction in two locations. In the seedling test, Korean blast isolates displayed different levels of virulence. 93-093, a Korean isolate, was compatible with 90 cultivars whereas 97-057 showed a compatible reaction with 13 cultivars. Twenty-three cultivars showed high level of resistance against Korean and Philippines isolates but Chucheongbyeo, Heugnambyeo, and Manmibyeo showed susceptible reaction to all blast isolates. Through the sequential planting test in Korea and in the Philippines, Palgongbyeo and Seomjinbyeo displayed durable resistance, and Nagdongbyeo and Gihobyeo showed high level of disease infection over the planting time. These results indicate that blast isolates collected in two countries have different genetic background and number of compatible isolates should be considered in definition the durability of rice cultivar to rice blast.

한국 4균주와 일본 3균주에 대한 진성 저항성 유전자가 단일 혹은 복수로 집적되어 있는 근동질 저항성 유전자계통의 생육시기별 저항성 반응을 검정한 결과를 보면 다음과 같다. 1. 유묘기때, 단일 진성저항성 유전자를 갖는 근동질 유전자 계통들은 한국 균주 K1 균주에 대해 대부분 저항성 반응을 보인 반면, K2,K3 및 K3a는 이병성 반응을 보이는 계통들이 많았다. IRBB5(xa5)만이 4균주 모두에 대해 고도의 저항성을 보였다. 한편, 일본 균주 접종에 대한 반응도 한국 균주의 반응과 유사하였다. 2. 최고분얼기때, 근동질 유전자 계통들의 K1,K3a 균주에 대한 반응은 유묘기와 유사하였으며, K2,K3 균주에 대해서는 유묘기와 비교하여 중도저항성 및 저항성으로 반응하였다. 일본의 RaceI, II 균주는 대부분의 근동질 유전자 계통들이 유묘기 보다 저항성 정도가 증대 되었으나, RaceIII균주는 감수성으로 반응하였다. 모든 균주에 고도의 저항성을 보인 계통은 IRBB205(xa5), IRBB207(Xa7)이었다. 3. 출수기때, Xa1, xa8, Xa10을 보유한 계통들은 K2 균주에 이병성으로 반응하였지만, 다른 근동질 유전자 계통들은 K1,K2 및 K3 균주에 대해 고도의 저항성 반응을 보였다. 이에 반해, K3a는 Xa1, Xa2, Xa3, xa8, Xa10, Xa11 및 xa13을 보유한 계통을 가해하였다. 일본의 RaceI, II, III 균주는 최고분얼기때의 반응과 유사하였다. xa5를 갖는 IRBB5, IRBB105 및 IRBB205 계통은 모든 검정균주에 대해 저항성으로 반응하였다. 4. 2개 이상의 진성 저항성 유전자를 갖는 계통들은 벼 생육시기 전 과정에서 벼흰잎마름병균에 대해 저항성 정도가 현저하게 증가되었다. 결론적으로, 저항성의 안정화를 위해서는 Xa4, xa5, Xa7 등의 유전자의 집적이 유용할 것으로 판단된다.