PURPOSES : This study aimed to provide a method for linking VE/LCC/LCA and BIM and to develop a system for BIM-based VE/LCC/ LCA evaluation. METHODS : Based on literature reviews and case studies, we propose bridge hierarchies for sharing and integrating VE/LCC/LCA and BIM information and standard unit price and equipment workloads for LCC and LCA analysis. We further developed a BIM library to visualize various ideas and alternatives. RESULTS : The results of the proposed system demonstrate that the VE can be systemized and the original draft and alternatives can be visually provided via the BIM library. In addition, the LCC cost can be calculated by the automatic volume calculation of the bridge BIM library and the LCA can be calculated using the materials and equipment (these are BIM attribute information). CONCLUSIONS : The developed method can be more reliable and productive of VE, LCC, and LCA work owing to the partial automation and visualization of the developed system.

Laccase (Lcc; EC 1.10.3.2) belongs to a group of polyphenol oxidases, which catalyzed the oxidation of single-electron from phenolic substrates or aromatic amines. Many organisms possess several lcc encoding genes, and their biological functions diverge into many branches. There are many studies on biochemical function of Lccs, however, there are few studies about biological functions of one Lcc in detail. We researched on biological function of Lcc1, which is most abundantly secreted enzyme from vegetative mycelia into liquid culture in L. edodes. In our previous study, lcc1 gene was down regulated by RNAi method in L. edodes, and then ivrL1#32 was selected as a completely lcc1 dowaregulated transformant. We revealed that fruiting body development in ivrL1#32 was significantly suppressed compared to wild type strain. In this study, we observed the hyphal morphology of ivrL1#32. IvrL1#32 did not form thick aerial mycelium mat when grown on MYPG agar plate. From the observation using scanning electron microscope (SEM), hyphae of ivrL1#32 had many abnormal short branches and their mycelial density was lower than that of wild type strain. From transmission electron microscope observation (TEM), ivrL1#32 lacked obviously distinguishable outer and inner layer in their cell wall. In addition, the fibrous layer of ivrL1#32, which connected hyphae, obviously decreased. These morphological phenotypes would be caused by the absence of Lcc1 in L. edodes. Our results provide a clue to resolve of the biological function of Lcc1 in L. edodes.

This study was carried out to evaluate the Life Cycle Cost(LCC) of four types of BIPV(Building Integrated Photovoltaic) systems -Glass plus Granite, Crystalline BIPV, Crystalline BIPV + Glass plus Granite and See through Amorphous BIPV -which were vertically installed to generate the same capacity(2kW) and the same area. Initial investment costs, cost savings and maintenance costs had been predicted during the period of analysing the LCC of four types of BIPV(Building Integrated Photovoltaic) systems installed for the purpose of evaluating the LCC. In case of cost savings, it had been analyzed by measuring the amount of electric power generated, reduction in lighting load and heat & cooling loads through simulation. From this analysis, it was predicted that the See-through amorphous BIPV offering cost saving advantages demonstrated the economical efficiency similar to the Glass plus Granite when it is backed by more than 20 years of durability.

The Cost has been much emphasized in inside of an army because of the promotion of reconciliation atmosphere between South and North Korea and the reduction of defense budget since 1990. So we are now faced with the problem that we should consider a cost above all besides the performance and arrangement for such a restriction of budget in time of developing new generation weapon systems. In this research we are suggested following two methodologies. One is the develop a weapon system with optimum cost considering a Life Cycle Cost from the first stage of design and the other is the cost control and management with the establishment of Target cost.

  Engineers are always concerned with life cycle costs for making important economic decisions through engineering action like reliability of products. Decisions during the reliability growth development of products involve trade-offs between invested cos

Parametric life-cycle cost(LCC) models have been integrated with traditional design tools, and used in prior work to demonstrate the rapid solution of holistic, analytical tradeoffs between detailed design variations. During early designs stages there may be competing concepts with dramatic differences. Additionally, detailed information is scarce, and decisions must be models. for a diverse range of concepts, and the lack of detailed information make the integration make the integration of traditional LCC models impractical. This paper explores an approximate method for providing preliminary life-cycle cost. Learning algorithms trained using the known characteristics of existing products be approximated quickly during conceptual design without the overhead of defining new models. Artificial neural networks are trained to generalize on product attributes and life cycle cost date from pre-existing LCC studies. The Product attribute data to quickly obtain and LCC for a new and then an application is provided. In additions, the statistical method, called regression analysis, is suggested to predict the LCC. Tests have shown it is possible to predict the life cycle cost, and the comparison results between a learning LCC model and a regression analysis is also shown

현재 고속철도의 경우 일부 특수구간을 제외한 나머지 구간의 교량은 동적안정성을 고려하여 PSC 박스 교량으로 건설되어 있다. 그러나 PSC Box 교량은 다른 형식에 비하여 경제성이 떨어져 최근 여러 가지 신형식 교량이 개발되고 있으며 고속선에 일부 적용된 바 있다. 이러한 신형식 교량은 가장 수요가 높은 40m 내외의 중지간용이며 주로 프리스트레스 기술을 적용한 거더교 형식으로 개발된 바 있으나, 보다 효율이 높은 다중 프리스트레스 기술이 적용된 거더에 대한 연구는 본격적으로 진행되지 않은 상황이다. 이 연구에서는 다중 프리스트레스 기술을 이용하여 고속선에 대한 적용성과 경제성을 갖추고 중지간에 적용할 수 있는 신형식의 거더의 설계기법을 개발하였다. 개발된 거더는 쐐기형 핀바를 거더 측면에서 압입하여 다중 프리스트레싱을 도입할 수 있어 단면의 효율성과 시공성이 뛰어나 보다 경제적인 형식이다. 개발된 거더가 적용된 교량의 경제성에 대한 검토는 LCC분석을 이용하여 수행하였으며, 검토 결과 이 연구에서 제안된 거더 교량은 기존 PSC 박스 형식보다 경제적인 것으로 나타났다.

This study is necessity for waterproofing construction using a Life Cycle Cost(LCC). On the purpose of expanding the technology to build and optimize leakage prevention design reasonable selection of center performance evaluation system and possible economic evaluation system.

In this study, DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) was carried out on the four bridges, which have the same extension (L=1,615m), in order to select the most superior, economical method of construction using the LCC concept of each bridge structure in the case of the Ulsan-Pohang double track railway which is scheduled to be constructed. DEA models were analyzed with the CCR model, which was designed for the evaluation of relative efficiency of each model. The initial construction costs, maintenance costs, indirect costs (user costs + indirect loss of social costs), and life cycle costs were used as input variables, and average duration was applied as the output variable. LCC was applied to calculate the input variables, and to get the costs of LCC, 100 years of period and 4.83% of real discount rate were applied, and the costs are classified into initial construction, maintenance, user, and indirect loss of social cost. The analysis results showed that the Method 2 and 3 were evaluated as the most efficient, and the other alternatives were evaluated as the following order; Method 1, the default, and Method 4.