PURPOSES : This study aimed to provide a method for linking VE/LCC/LCA and BIM and to develop a system for BIM-based VE/LCC/ LCA evaluation. METHODS : Based on literature reviews and case studies, we propose bridge hierarchies for sharing and integrating VE/LCC/LCA and BIM information and standard unit price and equipment workloads for LCC and LCA analysis. We further developed a BIM library to visualize various ideas and alternatives. RESULTS : The results of the proposed system demonstrate that the VE can be systemized and the original draft and alternatives can be visually provided via the BIM library. In addition, the LCC cost can be calculated by the automatic volume calculation of the bridge BIM library and the LCA can be calculated using the materials and equipment (these are BIM attribute information). CONCLUSIONS : The developed method can be more reliable and productive of VE, LCC, and LCA work owing to the partial automation and visualization of the developed system.

Laccase (Lcc; EC 1.10.3.2) belongs to a group of polyphenol oxidases, which catalyzed the oxidation of single-electron from phenolic substrates or aromatic amines. Many organisms possess several lcc encoding genes, and their biological functions diverge into many branches. There are many studies on biochemical function of Lccs, however, there are few studies about biological functions of one Lcc in detail. We researched on biological function of Lcc1, which is most abundantly secreted enzyme from vegetative mycelia into liquid culture in L. edodes. In our previous study, lcc1 gene was down regulated by RNAi method in L. edodes, and then ivrL1#32 was selected as a completely lcc1 dowaregulated transformant. We revealed that fruiting body development in ivrL1#32 was significantly suppressed compared to wild type strain. In this study, we observed the hyphal morphology of ivrL1#32. IvrL1#32 did not form thick aerial mycelium mat when grown on MYPG agar plate. From the observation using scanning electron microscope (SEM), hyphae of ivrL1#32 had many abnormal short branches and their mycelial density was lower than that of wild type strain. From transmission electron microscope observation (TEM), ivrL1#32 lacked obviously distinguishable outer and inner layer in their cell wall. In addition, the fibrous layer of ivrL1#32, which connected hyphae, obviously decreased. These morphological phenotypes would be caused by the absence of Lcc1 in L. edodes. Our results provide a clue to resolve of the biological function of Lcc1 in L. edodes.

This study was carried out to evaluate the Life Cycle Cost(LCC) of four types of BIPV(Building Integrated Photovoltaic) systems -Glass plus Granite, Crystalline BIPV, Crystalline BIPV + Glass plus Granite and See through Amorphous BIPV -which were vertically installed to generate the same capacity(2kW) and the same area. Initial investment costs, cost savings and maintenance costs had been predicted during the period of analysing the LCC of four types of BIPV(Building Integrated Photovoltaic) systems installed for the purpose of evaluating the LCC. In case of cost savings, it had been analyzed by measuring the amount of electric power generated, reduction in lighting load and heat & cooling loads through simulation. From this analysis, it was predicted that the See-through amorphous BIPV offering cost saving advantages demonstrated the economical efficiency similar to the Glass plus Granite when it is backed by more than 20 years of durability.

The Cost has been much emphasized in inside of an army because of the promotion of reconciliation atmosphere between South and North Korea and the reduction of defense budget since 1990. So we are now faced with the problem that we should consider a cost above all besides the performance and arrangement for such a restriction of budget in time of developing new generation weapon systems. In this research we are suggested following two methodologies. One is the develop a weapon system with optimum cost considering a Life Cycle Cost from the first stage of design and the other is the cost control and management with the establishment of Target cost.

  Engineers are always concerned with life cycle costs for making important economic decisions through engineering action like reliability of products. Decisions during the reliability growth development of products involve trade-offs between invested cos

Parametric life-cycle cost(LCC) models have been integrated with traditional design tools, and used in prior work to demonstrate the rapid solution of holistic, analytical tradeoffs between detailed design variations. During early designs stages there may be competing concepts with dramatic differences. Additionally, detailed information is scarce, and decisions must be models. for a diverse range of concepts, and the lack of detailed information make the integration make the integration of traditional LCC models impractical. This paper explores an approximate method for providing preliminary life-cycle cost. Learning algorithms trained using the known characteristics of existing products be approximated quickly during conceptual design without the overhead of defining new models. Artificial neural networks are trained to generalize on product attributes and life cycle cost date from pre-existing LCC studies. The Product attribute data to quickly obtain and LCC for a new and then an application is provided. In additions, the statistical method, called regression analysis, is suggested to predict the LCC. Tests have shown it is possible to predict the life cycle cost, and the comparison results between a learning LCC model and a regression analysis is also shown