The passive acoustic system only has generally used in fish detection. But the passive acoustic system has not been tried in fishing since Freytag has proposed a possibilities of the passive detection of fishes in 1963. This paper describes the .feasible aspects of fish detection by listening of the sound they make. The passive acoustic system accompanied the active acoustic system may expand the range of detection and compensate for lack of capabilities each other, but there are some difficulties in noise rejection because the fre9uency range of ship noises covers the whole range vf biological sounds. The attempt to collect useful informations from underwater would be greatly contributed in fisheries.

우리 나라 주변어장에서의 주요 어자원중 조기류가 수동어탑을 위한 대표적 어종으로 부각되었다. 음원수준을 150~180dB로 가정했을 때 선배열 형의 수동어탐기에 탐지될 수 있는 거리는 최저 3km에서 최대 20km 이상으로 추정되어 어탐거리의 획기적 증대가 기대된다. 뿐만 아니라 조기류가 내는 700~800Hz 사이의 tocal noise의 특성은 수동형 어탐기에 의한 어종식별 거리 및 정밀도를 보다 향상시킬 것임이 분명하다. 다만, 이 수동소나를 조기류외에 대형어군을 이루는 멸치, 칼치, 명태류, 쥐취류, 오징어 등에 적용 여부를 가늠하기에는 보다 많은 정량적 자료가 수집된 연후에 가능할 것으로 믿어진다.

In this study, an experimental test is conducted on a concrete specimen using passive thermography (IRT) which is an effective and modern non-destructive test (NDT) method in detecting delaminations. The present work evaluates the detectability of delaminations with different sizes during the daytime by the absolute contrast technique. In addition, the most suitable time for delamination inspection of concrete structures is also proposed.

This paper examines the difference of degree of acceptability for suffix passive constructions and -eojida passive constructions, and the double-passive constructions in which both are combined. Afterwards, claim that the doublepassive constructions should be regarded as a well-formed passive constructions like the other two passive constructions. For this, we compare the acceptability of the acceptability of the double-passive constructions, suffix passive constructions and the -eojida passive constructions using descriptive statistics and one-way repeated measures ANOVA. As a result, the acceptability of the suffix sentence is highest, followed by the double-passive constructions and the -eojida passive constructions. Although double-passive constructions is treated as a non-grammatical sentence in school grammar, some items have the highest acceptability of double-passive constructions, as can be seen from the descriptive statistics. In addition, it is higher than the acceptability of the -eojida passive constructions in all questions. Taking these results into consideration, a double-passive constructions can be regarded as a qualified passive sentence, just like the other two passive constructions. In consequently, double-passive constructions can be interpreted as a combination of passive and other meanings (potential, unintentional, etc.).

In this paper, four-bar linkage mechanism for the knee joint is developed which is used in prosthetics. But unlike the prosthetics, the feature of this mechanism is that the instantaneous center of rotation of the four-bar linkages can be moved behind the ground reaction force vector so that it can be passively supported without any external power. In addition, this mechanism is developed similar to the structure of the human knee joint for eliminating the sense of heterogeneity of the wearer. In order to design the mechanism with these two objectives, optimization design process is done using the PIAnO tool and detailed design is carried out through optimized variable values. The developed mechanism is attached to the robot which can assist the hip and ankle joints. In order to verify the operation of the developed knee mechanism, an insole type sensor was attached to the shoes to compare data values before and after wearing the robot. Result data showed that wearer wearing the exoskeleton robot with the knee mechanism was the same value regardless of whether the heavy tool is loaded or not.

The spatial size and variation of Arctic sea ice play an important role in Earth’s climate system. These are affected by conditions in the polar atmosphere and Arctic sea temperatures. The Arctic sea ice concentration is calculated from brightness temperature data derived from the Defense Meteorological Satellite program (DMSP) F13 Special Sensor Microwave/Imagers (SSMI) and the DMSP F17 Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) sensors. Many previous studies point to significant reductions in sea ice and their causes. We investigated the variability of Arctic sea ice using the daily sea ice concentration data from passive microwave observations to identify the sea ice melting regions near the Arctic polar ice cap. We discovered the abnormal melting of the Arctic sea ice near the North Pole during the summer and the winter. This phenomenon is hard to explain only surface air temperature or solar heating as suggested by recent studies. We propose a hypothesis explaining this phenomenon. The heat from the deep sea in Arctic Ocean ridges and/ or the hydrothermal vents might be contributing to the melting of Arctic sea ice. This hypothesis could be verified by the observation of warm water column structure below the melting or thinning arctic sea ice through the project such as Coriolis dataset for reanalysis (CORA).

This paper aims to suggest Middle and Medio-passive categories in Korean with cross-linguistic data. K. Kim(2009) argues that there are three kinds of non-active Voice categories in Korean: I-inchoatives, Zero inchoatives and Passives. I, however, argue that I-inchoative and Zero inchoative show morphological, distributional and semantic differences, and thus they should be respectively categorized into Middle and Anticausative. The so-called –i morpheme is regarded traditionally as passive morpheme, but I show that it is not just a passive but Non-active Voice morpheme in Korean. I have also argued that Medio-passive constructions should be assumed in Korean, because cross-linguistically they show distributional and semantic differences from middles and passives. An Instrumental phrase and an Agent phrase or an Agent phrase and‘by itself’can appear together in the medio-passives, and semantically they can have middle interpretation too.

The objective of this study was to evaluate survival rate and fish movement (migration) using a tagging approach of passive integrated transponder (PIT) in Juksan Weir, which was constructed as a four major river restoration projects. For this study, survival rates of each fish species and the mobility of fish individuals were analyzed during 2 weeks by the insertion of PIT tags to various fish species in the laboratory. According to tagging tests in the laboratory, the survival rate 37.5% (30 survivals of 80 individuals) after the insertion of PIT tags. The survival rate of Carassius auratus and Hemibarbus labeo was 100% and 80% after the insertion of the tags, respectively, whereas it was only 13.3% for Zacco platypus. In the field experiments of Juksan Weir, 6 species and 157 individuals from 8 species (563 individuals) were detected in the fixed automatic data-logging system, indicating a detection rate of 27.9% in the fishway of Juksan Weir. In the meantime, some species with no or low detection rates in the fixed automatic data-logging system were turn out to be stagnant-type species, which prefer stagnant or standing water to live.

일월탄광에는 산화조, SAPS, 소택지의 3단계 자연정화시설이 설치되어 있으며 갱내수를 모아 정화한 후 주변 하천으로 유출시키고 있다. 일월탄광 갱내수의 pH 값은 계절에 관계없이 2.28-2.42로 낮은값을 나타내지만 산화조를 거치는 동안 pH 값은 6.17-6.53 급격하게 증가한다. 정화시설에 의한 정화효율은 SO4, Mg, Al, Ca, Mn은 각각 약 50%, 40%, 100%, 24%, 59%이다. 갱내수의 Fe는 아주 낮은값(1.06-1.09 ㎎/ℓ)이지만 정화시설을 거치는 동안 100%의 제거효율을 나타낸다. 이와 같이 일월탄광에 설치한 정화시설은 pH 상승과 Fe와 Al의 제거 효율은 높지만 SO4, Mg, Ca, Mn 등은 60% 이하로 상대적으로 낮다. 따라서 이러한 이온을 제거하기 위해서는 다른 정화기술을 적용해야 할 것으로 판단된다. pH 2.28-2.42 범위인 갱내수가 유입되는 정화시설 바닥에 침전되는 침전물은 슈워트마나이트이며(Fe8O8(OH)6SO4), pH 5.83-5.96인 침출수에서는 2-line 페리하이드라이트(2-line Fe2O3⋅0.5H2O)가 침전된다.

The robot mechanisms that were previously researched had only been conducted for the purpose of overcoming the obstacles stably at low speed driving and enhancing the stability against high speed circuitous driving, and yet, the mechanism satisfying two purposes. However, in order to stably drive with high speed on rough terrain, there is a need for satisfying both of these purposes, as well as testing the efficiency of the mechanisms at high speed driving. There, this paper simulated some of the passive mechanisms and focused on checking the performances of passive mechanisms through simulations and analyzing each mechanism on the basis of an evaluation index. The simulation was conducted by Adams (The Multi-body Dynamics Simulation Solution) and used various types of passive mechanisms which were introduced in the robotics field. As a result, the study confirmed that passive mechanisms have a number of situations that affect the driving stability on each direction of roll and pitch. Further study is needed about active mechanism.

In this paper, the seismic performance of framed building with porous hysteretic damping system is examined by comparing the beam-column stiffness ratio. Analytical results show that in case of maximum displacement, acceleration, and shear force, the decrease in ρ=2.00 is larger than the decrease in ρ=0.10. But results appeared differently according to a number of stories that damper installed.

In this paper, the utilization of PZT’s dual piezoelectric effects (i.e., dynamic strain and electro-mechanical (E/M) impedance responses) for damage detection in beam-type structures are presented. In order to achieve the objective, the following approaches are implemented. First, global vibration-based and local impedance-based methods to detect the location of damage are presented. Then, the vibration-based and impedance-based damage detection methods using the dual piezoelectric responses are evaluated from experiments on a lab-scaled beam.

We conducted thermal analyses and cooling tests of the space observation camera (SOC) of the multi-purpose infrared imaging system (MIRIS) to verify passive cooling. The thermal analyses were conducted with NX 7.0 TMG for two cases of attitude of the MIRIS: for the worst hot case and normal case. Through the thermal analyses of the flight model, it was found that even in the worst case the telescope could be cooled to less than 206°K. This is similar to the results of the passive cooling test (~200.2°K). For the normal attitude case of the analysis, on the other hand, the SOC telescope was cooled to about 160°K in 10 days. Based on the results of these analyses and the test, it was determined that the telescope of the MIRIS SOC could be successfully cooled to below 200°K with passive cooling. The SOC is, therefore, expected to have optimal performance under cooled conditions in orbit.

This article presents a lexical-constructional analysis of the get-passive in English (e.g. Ed got fired). Drawing on standard arguments and evidence, it is argued that the passive is a family of constructions, from idiomatic through two productive types, which are either causative or non-causative. The article proposes an analysis of those three constructions as lexical items. While the idiomatic type is fully listed in the lexicon with a single meaning, the two productive types are templates that are stored in the component with passive get and a constructional meaning. The proposed analysis also has some advantages over previous studies.

During the screening program to evaluate the antiallergic activity of herbal medicines, Schizandra chinensis was found to inhibit the mouse PCA reaction induced by IgE-antigen complex. To evaluate the antiallergic effect of the fruit of Schizandra chinensis Baill (Family Magnoliaceae), which attenuate compound 48/80 induced vascular permeability reaction and scratching frequency in mouse. and it also inhibited 43% acute type of contact dermatitis induced by TPA and in oxazolone induced chronic dermatitis model was investigated. Fruit of Schizandra chinensis suppressed 37.6% swelling of oxazolone-induced mouse ear contact dermatitis. These findings suggest that fruit of Schizandra chinensis improve symptom of allergic dermatitis