This study aims to present a performance based design for apartments through evacuation safety assessment and damage impact assessment due to acrylonitrile leakage. In the evacuation safety evaluation, ASET was analyzed as 25 min or more and 60 min or less when the ventilation rate was once per hour, and RSET was 22.6 min. Evacuation safety is satisfied when the number of ventilation per hour is less than 1, so it is necessary to design the number of ventilation to be 1 or less. In the damage impact assessment, the 0% structural collapse rate due to overpressure was measured to be between 71m and 90m, and the 0% fatality rate due to radiant heat was measured to be between 136m and 353m. Therefore, maintain a safe distance of 353m or more.

본 연구에서는 공기역학적 형상변화의 풍하중 저감 측면에서의 효율성을 평가하기 위해 평면의 모서리 부분이 개선된 고층 건물에 대해 사례연구 기반의 비탄성 내풍설계를 수행하였다. 비선형 시간이력해석을 통해 다양한 설계풍속 및 항복 후 강성에 대한 구조물의 응답을 산정하였으며, 최근 국내 설계기준(KDS 41)에 도입된 성능기반내풍설계 개념을 토대로 구조물의 성능을 평가하였다. 해석 결과 공기역학적 형상변화를 갖는 구조물의 경우나 성능기반내풍설계를 적용했을 경우(또는 모두에 해당할 경우) 공진성분을 줄 여 구조물의 응답이 크게 감소함을 확인하였다.

The ductility of the system based on the capacity of each structural member constituting the seismic force-resisting system is a significant factor determining the structure’s seismic performance. This study aims to provide a procedure to supplement the current seismic design criteria to secure the system’s ductility and improve the seismic performance of the steel ordinary moment frames. For the study, a nonlinear analysis was performed on the 9- and 15-story model buildings, and the formation of collapse mechanisms and damage distribution for dynamic loads were analyzed. As a result of analyzing the nonlinear response and damage distribution of the steel ordinary moment frame, local collapse due to the concentration of structural damage was observed in the case where the influence of the higher mode was dominant. In this study, a procedure to improve the seismic performance and avoid inferior dynamic response was proposed by limiting the strength ratio of the column. The proposed procedure effectively improved the seismic performance of steel ordinary moment frames by reducing the probability of local collapse.

The purpose of this study is to propose measures to increase evacuation safety by calculating the habitable time using a fire and evacuation simulation program for the Room-escape cafe currently in operation, and comparing and analyzing it with the evacuation required time. Assuming a fire due to overheating of electric heaters in use in front of the warehouse, the habitable time was calculated through fire simulation, and the occupant's evacuation time calculated through evacuation simulation according installation of safety facilities, etc. was compared and analyzed with the habitable time. In the case of escape room cafes with safety facilities installed, evacuation safety was satisfied, but in escape room cafes without safety facilities, the evacuation safety was not secure. As a result of analyzing evacuation safety for each scenario based on the ASET analyzed in the fire simulation, it was found that in scenario 1, evacuation safety was secured and everyone successfully evacuated, while in scenario 2, no one succeeded in evacuation. These results can be said to confirm that the installation of safety facilities is very important in business establishments such as escape room cafes, which become enclosed structures when games are started.

New buildings have been designed using different seismic design standards that have been revised. However, the seismic performance of existing buildings is evaluated through the same performance evaluation guidelines. Existing buildings may not satisfy the performance targets suggested in the current guidelines, but there are practical limitations to discriminating the existing buildings with poor seismic performance through a full investigation. In this regard, to classify buildings with poor seismic performance according to the applied standard, this study aimed to evaluate performance-based investigation of the seismic design proposals of buildings with different design standards. The target buildings were set as RC ordinary moment frames for office occupancy. Changes in seismic design criteria by period were analyzed, and the design spectrum changes of reinforced concrete ordinary moment resisting frames were compared to analyze the seismic load acting on the building during design. The seismic design plan was derived through structural analysis of the target model, compared the member force and cross-sectional performance, and a preliminary evaluation of the seismic performance was performed to analyze the performance level through DCR. As a result of the seismic performance analysis through the derived design, the reinforced concrete ordinary moment frame design based on AIK 2000 has an insufficient seismic performance level, so buildings built before 2005 are likely to need seismic reinforcement.

이 연구에서는 철근콘크리트 고층건물의 사례연구를 통해 성능기반 내풍설계를 수행하였고 그 적용성을 평가하였다. 초기 설계 시 비탄성 거동 도입을 위해 공진성분을 절반으로 줄여 설계하고, 이에 대한 비탄성 성능을 검증하였다. 비탄성 해석을 위한 해석 모델링 방법을 제시하고, 잦은 설계 변경에서도 적용할 수 있도록 시간이력 풍하중은 설계기준에서 제시하는 파워스펙트럼밀도 함수로부터 재생하였다. 이 때 비선형 해석을 위한 시간이력 하중 재생 시 고려해야 할 사항들을 함께 제시하였다. 해석 결과 공진성분을 줄여 설계했음에도 비탄성 거동은 수평부재에서만 발생하였고, 소성회전각은 즉시거주 성능 수준을 충족하였다.

최근 고층건물 설계 시 내진설계와 내풍설계의 부조화 문제를 해결하기 위해 성능기반 내풍설계에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 이 연구에서는 개정 예정인 국내 설계기준(KDS 41)을 기반으로 성능기반 내풍설계를 위한 풍하중 재해도와 비탄성 거동을 허용하는 성능목표를 제시하였다. 비탄성 내풍설계를 위한 반응수정계수 R WR 산정 시 여러 제한 사항들을 고려하여 그 범위를 제안하였으며, 비선형 풍하중 시간이력해석 시 고려해야 할 사항들을 고찰하였다.

위험유해물질(HNS, Hazardous and Noxious Substances)은 해상운송 과정에서 다양한 사고에 노출되어 있어 많은 양이 바다에 유출 될 우려가 있다. HNS 유출에 따른 해양환경의 손상은 유류 유출에 의한 손상보다도 훨씬 큰 것으로 알려져 있다. 특히 해저로 침강하여 침적되는 HNS는 해저생태계에 돌이키기 어려운 피해를 주게 되므로, 반드시 회수되어야 한다. 해저로부터 HNS를 회수하기 위해서는 해저침적 HNS에 대한 정확한 탐지, 안정화 처리 및 회수를 위한 절차와 장비가 필요하다. 그 중에서도 기계적 회수장치를 개발하기 위해서는 성능지표를 이용하여 성능요건을 선정하고, 이를 토대로 기계적 회수장치에 대한 개념설계가 이루어져야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 해저침적 HNS의 회수 절차에서 요구되는 기계적 회수장치에 대한 개념설계안을 제시하였다. 개념설계안으로 해저침적 HNS를 회수하기 위한 기본 시나리오를 제시하고, 자체적 밀폐 성능을 가지는 흡인 기초를 활용하는 방안을 채택하였다. 기계적 회수장치는 흡인 기초, 오 염 방지, 펌프 시스템, 제어 시스템, 모니터링 장비, 위치정보 장비, 이송 장비, 탱크로 구성된다. 이러한 개념설계안은 기계적 회수장치의 부품 및 형상을 결정하는 기본설계에 반영되어 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

In a previous paper, ambient vibration tests were conducted on a cable stayed bridge with resilient-friction base isolation systems (R-FBI) to extract the dynamic characteristics of the bridge and compare the results with a seismic analysis model. In this paper, a nonlinear seismic analysis model was established for analysis of the bridge to compare the difference in seismic responses between nonlinear time history analysis and multi-mode spectral analysis methods in the seismic design phase of cable supported bridges. Through these studies, it was confirmed that the seismic design procedures of the “Korean Highway Bridge Design Code (Limit State Design) for Cable Supported Bridges” is not suitable for cable supported bridges installed with R-FBI. Therefore, to reflect the actual dynamic characteristics of the R-FBI installed on cable-supported bridges, an improved seismic design procedure is proposed that applies the seismic analysis method differently depending on the seismic isolation effect of the R-FBI for each seismic performance level.

In this study, a field bridge test was conducted to find the dynamic properties of cable supported bridges with resilient-friction base isolation systems (R-FBI). Various ambient vibration tests were performed to estimate dynamic properties of a test bridge using trucks in a non-transportation state before opening of the bridge and by ordinary traffic loadings about one year later after opening of the bridge. The dynamic properties found from the results of the tests were compared with an analysis model. From the result of the ambient vibration tests of the cable supported bridge with R-FBI, it was confirmed that the dynamic properties were sensitive to the stiffness of the R-FBI in the bridge, and the seismic analysis model of the test bridge using the effective stiffness of the R-FBI was insufficient for reflecting the dynamic behavior of the bridge. In the case of cable supported bridges, the seismic design must follow the “Korean Highway Bridge Design Code (Limit State Design) for Cable supported bridges.” Therefore, in order to reflect the actual behavior characteristics of the R-FBI installed on cable-supported bridges, an improved seismic design procedure should be proposed.

본 논문에서 온라인 쇼핑몰에 적용을 목적으로 2차원 이미지에 기반한 가상 의상 착용 알고리즘을 설계하고 개발하였다. 기존의 가상착용 시스템은 3차원 의상 및 사용자 정보에 기반하여 비용과 시간이 많이 들어가는 문제를 가지고 있다. 본 시스템은 최근 급격히 발전된 딥러닝기술과 컴퓨터 그래픽스 기술을 활용한다. 우선, 패션영상을 시멘틱 분할 네트워크를 사용하여 옷과 신체를 영상분할하고, 자세 네트워크를 사용하여 의상과 사용자의 골격정보를 확보한다. 이 두 가지 정보를 바탕으로 의상의 골격위치와 사용자의 골격위치를 일치시킴으로서 변형에 필요한 변수를 확보하고 이를 바탕으로 영상 변형을 하여 가상착용을 수행한다. 실험결과 단순한 기하형태의 옷과 선 자세를 유지하는 패션사진과 사용자사진의 경우 만족스러운 변형 결과를 얻을 수 있었으나 다양한 의상의 형태나 자세를 갖는 경우 원만한 착용결과를 얻을 수 없었다. 완벽한 시스템은 존재할 수 없으므로 현재 기술로 적용 가능한 의상의 범위와 문제 상황을 자세히 분석하여. 이를 바탕으로 추후 연구를 방향을 설정할 수 있도록 하였다.

One of engineered woods, glued laminated timber (GLT), can provide a constant level of performance and desired strength even if the quality of wood is low. Due to this fact, there is a growing interest in GLT using domestic species and related research has been carried out continuously. In addition, GLT is popularly being applied to the long-span or high-rise structures overseas. However, KBC 2016 does not allow the engineered woods to be used for middle and high-rise buildings by limiting height. Therefore, a proper design procedure and rationale should be clearly presented by the help of performance-based seismic design. With this background, the goal of this study is to establish a specific procedure for design of a 9-story building with RC shear walls and GLT frames according to the performance-based design of KBC 2016. The performance objectives were set according to KBC and the acceptance criteria for each goal were defined. The RC shear walls and GLT frames were designed by concrete and wood structure requirements, respectively. Analytical models were developed to reflect their nonlinear features, and both nonlinear static and dynamic analyses were conducted. Performance evaluation results showed that the shear walls have insufficient shear strength, so they were re-designed. Consequently, it has been confirmed that GLT frames can be applied to a 9-story office building with the assistance of RC shear walls and performance-based seismic design.

In this study, performance based seismic design was performed on the shear wall structural system and the beam-column system as a variable general rebar and seismic rebar, and comparing the capacity of the two models of each system. From nonlinear analyses, the capacity of the shear wall structural system applying seismic rebar has shown a stable behavior after the maximum strength, but there is little difference. Furthermore, both models showed similar capacity between story drift and story shear force and capacity of members. These results are attributed to the fact that the seismic rebar, which is highly ductile under the seismic load applied to the target structure, does not render sufficient capacity.

본 연구에서는 페이즈필드 설계법에 기반한 형상최적설계를 통해 개선된 패치안테나 금속 패치 부분의 형상 설계를 진행 하였다. 설계 목적은 패치 안테나의 목적 주파수에서의 방사 효율을 최대화 하는 것으로 설정하였고, 이에 따라 목적 함수는 반사손실을 나타내는 S-파라미터 값의 최소화로 정의하였다. 패치형상의 최적화 결과는 페이즈필드 설계법을 이용하여 도 출하였고, 최적화 결과의 회색영역을 제거하기 위해서 컷오프 방법을 적용하였다. 더불어 쿼터 정합기의 길이 변화를 통해 성능 개선 과정을 진행하였다. 이를 통해 도출해낸 최종 형상에 대한 해석 결과, 목표 주파수에서의 S-파라미터 값이 -1.14dB에서 -12.73dB로 개선됨을 확인하였다.

On Tuesday, January 17, 1995, an earthquake of magnitude 7.2 struck the Port of Kobe. In effect, the port was practically destroyed. After a hazard investigation, researchers reached a consensus to adopt a performance-based design in port and harbor structures in Japan. A residual displacement of geotechnical structures after an earthquake is one of the most important engineering demands in performance-based earthquake-resistant design. Thus, it is essential to provide reliable responses of geotechnical structures after an earthquake through various techniques. Today, a nonlinear explicit response history analysis(NERHA) of geotechnical structures is the most efficient way to achieve this goal. However, verification of the effective stress analysis, including post liquefaction behavior, is difficult to perform at a laboratory scale. This study aims to rigorously verify the NERHA by using well-defined field measurements, existing numerical tools, and constitutive models. The man-made, Port Island, in Kobe provides intensive hazard investigation data, strong motion records of 1995 Kobe earthquake, and sufficient engineering parameters of the soil. Two dimensional numerical analysis was conducted on the caisson quay wall section at Port Island subjected to the 1995 Kobe earthquake. The analysis result matches very well with the hazard investigation data. The NERHA procedure presented in this paper can be used in further studies to explain and examine the effects of other factors on the seismic behavior of gravity quay walls in liquefiable soil areas.

The objective of this study is to apply performance-based seismic design to high-rise apartment buildings in Korean considering collapse prevention level. The possible issues during its application were studied and the suggestions were made based on the findings from the performance-based seismic design of a building with typical residential multi-unit layout. The lateral-force-resisting system of the building is ordinary shear walls system with a code exception of height limit. In order to allow the exception, the serviceability and the stability of the ordinary shear wall structure need to be evaluated to confirm that it has the equivalent performance as the one designed under the Korean Building Code 2009. The structure was evaluated whether it satisfied its performance objectives to withstand Service Level and Maximum Considered Earthquake.