The high-level nuclear waste (HLW) repository disposes of high-level nuclear waste at a depth of 500 m to 1,000 m underground. Structural health monitoring must be accompanied by the complex environmental conditions of high temperature, high humidity, radiation, and mechanical stress. A thermocouple for measuring temperature, total stress meter and pore pressure meter for measuring stress and water pressure, relative hygrometer and electrical resistivity sensor (TDR or SUS) for measuring humidity, accelerometer for measuring crack signals, and strain gauge for measuring displacement are used. For safety, after disposing of HLW in the HLW repository, access to the disposal tunnel gets blocked, making it impossible to replace or remove the monitoring sensors. So, it is necessary to evaluate the effect of the HLW repository’s environmental conditions on the monitoring sensors and enhance their durability through quantitative life evaluation and shielding. Before evaluating the life of accelerometers and strain gauges used in the HLW repository, an experimental study is conducted to determine failure modes and failure mechanisms under radiation conditions, which are unique environmental conditions of the HLW repository.

This study examined the effect of ultraviolet (UV) application on bacterial disinfection in a commercialized humidifier using ultrasonic wave (UW). To accurately examine disinfection kinetics in tap-water condition, tap-water was sterilized using a filter, and then inoculated with pure cultures of E. coli and P. putida with known viable counts. The disinfection kinetic characteristics were experimentally compared when UV alone, UW alone, and UW+UV together were applied in disinfecting the added bacteria in the commercialized humidifier. When UV alone was applied, bacterial disinfection kinetics followed a first-order decay reaction, and showed an approximately 10-time weaker disinfection compared to the typical UV disinfection in water treatment or wastewater treatment. When UW alone was applied, bacterial disinfection kinetics followed a second-order decay reaction with a low disinfection rate constant of 0.0002 min-1(CFU/mL)-1. When UV and UW were applied together, however and interestingly, the disinfection rate constant (0.0211 min-1(CFU/mL)-1) was approximately 100 times increased than that for the UW alone case. These results revealed that the co-use of UV and UW can provide synergistic effect on bacterial disinfection in a tap-water condition in household humidifiers.

Developments in cancer therapies and diagnostic techniques have improved the long-term survival of cancer patients. Certain cancer treatments, such as radiotherapy, often harm normal tissue as well as the specifically targeted cancer cells. High doses of radiation induce bone loss. This study investigated the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on radiation-induced bone loss in C3H/HeN mice. C3H/HeN mice were divided into sham and irradiation (3 Gy, gamma-ray, IR) groups. The irradiated mice were treated for 12 weeks with vehicle, PTX (p.o.) or PTX (s.c.). Grip strength, uterus weight, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) level were measured. Tibiae were analyzed using micro-computed tomography. There were no significant differences in the degree of grip strength, body weight and uterine weight between IR group and PTX-treated group. Treatment of PTX significantly preserved trabecular bone volume, trabecular number, trabecular separation and bone mineral density of proximal tibia metaphysic. The administration of PTX lowered serum TRAP in IR mice, suggesting that PTX can reduce the bone resorptive rate in mice. Our experimental data support the protective role of PTX against bone loss in irradiated mice. Based on the findings of this study, development of PTXbased treatments is anticipated to address bone loss after radiotherapy. Prospective dose escalation studies are required to determine the appropriate dosage of PTX.

본 연구에서는 방사선 육종 차조기와 백출의 복합추출물의 항관절염 효능을 평가하였다. 방사선 육종 차조기와 백출 복합추출물이 세포에 미치는 독성을 확인하기 위해 RAW 264.7 세포에서 MTT 기법으로 세포 생존율을 평가하였다. 방사선 육종 차조기와 백출 복합추출물의 항염증 효능을 확인하기 위해 LPS로 염증을 유도한 RAW 264.7 세포에 방사선 육종 차조기와 백출 복합추출물을 5, 10, 25 ㎍/㎖ 농도로 처리한 후 ROS와 NO level, 염증성 사이토카인의 분비, 염증성 인자인 NF-κB, COX-2, iNOS 등의 발현을 측정하였다. 또한 type II collagen으로 유도한 관절염 모델 동물실험에서 방사선 육종 차조기와 백출 복합추출물을 33.5, 66, 133 mg/kg/day로 처리한 후 항관절염 효능을 확인 하였다. 그 결과, 방사선 육종 차조기와 백출 복합추출물은 25 ㎍/㎖ 농도까지 세포독성이 없었으며, LPS로 유도된 RAW 264.7 세포에서 ROS 생성 및 NO의 생성을 5, 10, 25 ㎍/㎖ 농도에서 대조군 대비 유의성 있게 감소시켰으며, 사이토카인(IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α)의 생성을 유의성 있게 억제시키고, NF-κB, COX-2, iNOS의 발현을 유의성 있게 감소시켜 세포 내에서 뛰어난 항염증 효과를 보였다. 관절염 모델 동물실험에서는 방사선 육종 차조기와 백출 복합추출물이 66.5, 133mg/kg 농도에서 관절 염을 유의성 있게 억제시키는 효능을 나타내었다. 본 연구는 방사선 육종 차조기와 백출 복합추출물이 뛰어난 항염증 효능을 나타내는 것을 제시하며, 관절염 질환을 개선하기 위한 건강기능식품 및 치료제의 원료로 개발될 수 있다는 것을 제시한다.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of ultraviolet light (UV-B) on plant growth and petal antioxidants of edible flower pansy (Viola × wittrochiana ‘Rose’ and ‘Yellow’, V. cornuta ‘Purple’). The plants were grown under white LED of 100 μmol·m-2·s-1 PPFD and treated by UV-B of 10, 20 and 30 minutes per day: UVB-10, UVB-20, and UVB-30 respectively. The plant growth was significantly inhibited as longer UV-B radiation exposure, even ‘Rose’ could not f lower under UVB-30. NPQ increase was observed in all cultivars with longer UV-B irradiation exposure. Also, anthocyanin in ‘purple’ and ‘Rose’ or carotenoid in ‘Yellow’ increased in the petals as longer UV-B radiation exposure. Unexpectedly the contents of total phenol and DPPH did not show the significance in UV-B treatments. In conclusion, the applicable UVB exposure to edible pansy in order to more accumulate antioxidants in petals would be in 20 minutes per day.

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for humans and animals, and several findings suggest that dietary Se intake may be necessary for bone health. Accumulating evidence indicates that Se compounds possess anticancer properties. Se is specifically incorporated into proteins in the form of selenocysteine and non-specifically incorporated as selenomethionine in place of methionine. This study evaluated protection by Se in the bone repair process in ovariectomized rats after irradiation. For such purpose, 80 ovariectomized female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups: ovariectomized (Ov), Ov/Se, Ov/irradiated (Irr) and Ov/ Se/Irr. A bone defect was created on the tibia of all animals 40 days after ovariectomy. Two days after surgery, only the Ov/Se and Ov/Se/Irr rats received 0.8 mg Se/kg. Three days after surgery, only the Ov/Irr and Ov/Se/Irr rats received 10 Gy of X-rays on the lower limb region. The animals were euthanized at 7, 15, 22 and 29 days after surgery to assess the repair process, which was evaluated by analysis of trabecular bone number (Masson Trichrome) and birefringence analysis (Picrosirius). It was possible to observe a delay in the bone repair process in the ovariectomized/irradiated group and similarity between the ovariectomized, Ov/ Se and Ov/Se/Irr groups. Our findings suggest that sodium selenite may influence a radioprotective effect in the bone repair of tibia of ovariectomized rats without toxicity.

We present a novel method to implement time-delayed propagation of radiation fields in cosmo- logical radiative transfer simulations. Time-delayed propagation of radiation fields requires construction of retarded-time fields by tracking the location and lifetime of radiation sources along the corresponding light-cones. Cosmological radiative transfer simulations have, until now, ignored this “light-cone effect” or implemented ray-tracing methods that are computationally demanding. We show that radiative trans- fer calculation of the time-delayed fields can be easily achieved in numerical simulations when periodic boundary conditions are used, by calculating the time-discretized retarded-time Green’s function using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method and convolving it with the source distribution. We also present a direct application of this method to the long-range radiation field of Lyman-Werner band photons, which is important in the high-redshift astrophysics with first stars.

Dental implants were used for reconstruction of oromaxillofacial defects and they were widely used in dental and medical fields. The implant materials are various , including titanium and ceramics such as zirconium. The property of implant materials have biocompatibility and mechanical strength. Titanium has direct bone anchorage without any other tissues between implant's interface. many researcher's had studied for raising the osseointegration success rate through various method. It was reported over 95% success ratio. many researcher's study the enhancing the speed of bone remodelling and osseointegration. Low Level Laser Therapy is one of the method to accelerlate the speed of bone remodelling and osseointegration. Thus it raise initial stability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of diode laser irradiation for ossoeintegration in implant interface and between the implants threads. 24 New Zealand white rabbits which were about 3Kg, used for experiment. 2 implant's were implanted every rabbit's tibia. 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks after implantation, tissue sample were removed from sacrificed rabbit's tibia. 8 rabbit's were sacrificed every 2, 4, 8 weeks and undecalcified sample were got from tissue sample. The undecalcified samples were investigated by optical microscope. 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks experimental groups which were irradiated low level laser therapy showed rapid bone remodelling than control groups. it showed many difference especially in initial stage. Low level laser irradiation increase the volume of new bone formation in implant interface . It was suggested that there were many influence in bone remodelling in early stage, because these were many differences between experimental and control groups. Low level laser irradiation were helpful for immediate loading implant

순환식 수경재배에서 배액의 EC, 부피, 관수량은 재사용 양액의 혼합비율을 결정하는 중요한 요소 중 하나이다. 적산 일사량 제어법으로 관수할 경우 일일 관수량의 예측은 곤란하며 일반적으로 고정된 혼합비율을 사용한다. 이 경우 새 양액이 고정적으로 투입되어 양분의 조정 효과가 기대되지만, 때때로 배액의 강제배출을 필요로 한다. 본 연구는 적산 일사량 제어법으로 관수하는 순환식 수경재배 조건에서 배액의 혼합비를 고정한 처리구(FR)와 정해진 혼합 용량 내에서 배액의 부피와 EC에 따라 혼합비를 변경하는 처리구(MR)의 재사용 양액 내 양분 조정효과를 비교하여 양수분 이용효율이 높은 혼합방식의 규명에 기여하고자 수행하였다. 배액의 농도 변화를 비교하기 위한 대조구로는 비순환식 수경재배 처리구(OP)를 구성하였다. FR처리구의 배액 혼합 비율은 배액의 희석 EC를 각각1.0, 2.0dS·m-1로 설정하여 혼합처리를 적용하였다. MR 처리구의 경우는 혼합 용량을 1회 관수량을 기준으로 배액의 EC와 부피에 따라 혼합비율이 변경되도록 하였다. 배액의 누적 현상은 FR 1.0 처리구에서 관찰되었으며, FR 2.0과 MR 처리구에서는 배액 누적현상이 나타나지는 않았으나 MR 처리구의 배액 저장량이 FR 2.0 처리구에 비해서 낮게 나타났다. 배액과 재사용 양액 내 Mg2+:K+:Ca2+와 SO2-4:NO-3:PO3-4의 당량 농도 간 비율 변화는 FR, MR 처리구에서 초기비율 대비 비교적 좁은 변화 범위를 나타냈다.

한국방사성폐기물관리공단 주관 하에 개념 설계된, 연소도이득효과 적용 대용량 수송용기에 대해 방사 선 차폐 안전성을 평가하였으며 여러 방사선원들이 수송용기 주변 선량률 분포에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 가능한 모든 방사선원(중성자선원, 감마선원, 방사화선원)들을 고려하였으며 보수적인 가상의 핵 연료(너비: WH 17 RFA, 축방향: CE Type)를 선정, 실제 상황과 동일한 조건이 되도록 계산모델을 구축 하였다. 모든 조건(정상 및 가상사고 조건)에서 표면선량률과 외부선량률이 법적기준치를 만족하고 있었 으며 축방향 높이에 따라 각 선원들의 기여도가 변하고 있었지만 정상조건에서의 최대 표면선량률과 외 부선량률은 방사화선원에 의한 영향이 가장 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 가상사고 조건에서는, 중성자선원 의 선량률 기여도가 대략 90%에 달하고 있었으나 수송용기 끝단에서는 방사화선원에 의한 선량률이 급 격하게 상승함에 따라 BUC 적용 수송용기의 방사선 차폐해석시 충분히 보수적으로 해석되도록 방사화선 원을 정밀하게 분석하여 설정하여야 할 것으로 판단되었다.

Currently, Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is widely used in medicine and dentistry. It has been suggested that LLLT may be beneficial in management of many different medical conditions, including pain, wound healing and nerve injury. Stimulation with LLLT can enhance bone repair as reported in experimental studies on bone defects and fracture healing also. As far as hard tissue is concerned, the biostimulating effect of laser has been demonstrated more rapid healing of tibial bone fracture in mice. This study was performed to compare new bone formation between with LLLT and without LLLT. Two cylinder implants(5mm diameter, 5mm length) were implanted on rabbit's tibia. LLLT was done to one implant with 632mm diode laser. And than Rabbit's were sacrificed after 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th weeks after implantation. Bone with implant were removed and fixed with 10% formaline. Undecalfied sample were prepared after spurr low resin embedding. Sample were grind and polished to 100㎛. The results were as follows. The amount of trabeclue of experimental group were superior to that of control group from 2 weeks to 8 weeks. There were no difference in arrangement of trabecule between two groups. Bone implant contact were significantly increased at 4th weeks in experimental group. The number of ostecytes in trabecule were different at 4th weeks experimental group. Osteone were appeared dominantly at 6th weeks experimental group, while at 8th weeks experimental group were superior than control group. LLLT group showed increased amount of trabecule, bone implant contact, number of osteocytes & osteone. It suggested that LLLT might be increase the bone formation rate and accelerate the bone formation time.

Metal ions are essential to life. However, some metals such as mercury are harmful, even when present at trace amounts. Toxicity of mercury arises mainly from its oxidizing properties. Ionizing radiation (IR) is an active tool for destruction of cancer ce