현대사회는 평균수명의 증가로 인해 지적장애인의 성인기도 점차 길어지고 있는 추세다. 그러나 그에 상응하는 교육이나 재활은 턱없이 부족한 실정이다. 특히, 성인이 된 지적장애인이 사회구성원으로 살아가 는 데 필수적인 의사소통 및 사회화 능력을 향상시키는 훈련은 좀처럼 찾아보기 어려운 실정이다. 본 연구 는 지적장애를 가진 성인의 의사소통 능력 및 사회화 능력에 재활승마가 미치는 영향을 분석하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구를 수행하기 위해 통제집단 사전사후 실험설계를 사용하였고, 실험집단과 통제집단은 각각 20명의 지적장애 성인으로 구성하였다. 먼저 두 집단에 의사소통과 사회화 능력에 대한 검사를 실시한 후, 실험집단을 8주 동안 16번의 재활승마 프로그램에 참여시켰다. 본 실험설계의 분석을 위해 실험군과 대조군의 동질성을 검증하였다. 그런 다음 재활승마가 지적장애 성인의 의사소통 능력과 사회화 능력에 미 치는 영향을 측정하기 위해 실험집단과 통제집단에 대한 사전사후 검사를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 설계한 실험집단과 통제집단의 동질성이 나타났고, 재활승마에 참여한 실험집단은 참여하지 않은 통제집단과 비교 했을 때 의사소통과 사회화 능력에서 유의미한 향상을 보였다. 본 연구는 지적장애 성인의 의사소통 및 사회화 능력의 증진을 위해 체계적인 재활승마 프로그램을 기획·공급·확대할 필요가 있다고 제언한다.

PURPOSES : In this study, a driving simulation testing equipment was developed to derive the optimal longitudinal tinting that can reduce the lateral vibration of the vehicle. Various types of longitudinal textures and tires were evaluated through simulation testing with the equipment. Based on the results, 3×3×16mm tinning as the optimal longitudinal texture was selected among 8 textures. METHODS : Based on the literature review, the causes of lateral vibration were analyzed, and parts and types for testing equipment development were reviewed. Driving simulation with testing equipment was conducted considering various textures and tires. To verify the test results, finite element analysis was performed under the similar conditions. And field test for two textures was conducted to find the optimal longitudinal texture. RESULTS : Based on the literature review, driving simulation test, finite element analysis and field test, longitudinal texture of 3×3×16mm is show the better performance compared to 7 textures. CONCLUSIONS : 3×3×16mm as longitudinal tinning for fresh concrete is show less lateral vibration than 3×3×12mm.

The conformational characteristics and performance of the horse breed should be evaluated to establish the breeding goals for a riding horse breed. Halla horses are cross-bred from Thoroughbred horses and Jeju ponies. Halla horses have been bred for speed as racing horses in Jeju Island in South Korea. However, some horses have also been used for riding purposes. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of Halla horses for riding purposes, which can be used as a guideline to define the breeding goals of Halla horses. Therefore, we evaluated the athletic performance of Halla horses by analyzing 3-year records of dressage (from S-3 Class to F Class) and show-jumping competitions (from S-2 Class to G Class) held in South Korea. We also examined the conformational characteristics of 15 Halla horses and compared them with those of 15 Thoroughbred and 15 Warmblood horses. In the results of dressage competitions over 3 years, Halla horses were awarded in D Class dressage only. In contrast, in the show-jumping competition, Halla horses were awarded in the D, E, F, and G classes. Overall, most body parts measured were smaller than those of Thoroughbred and Warmblood horses. When the rate of body parts per the average height of each breed was compared, Halla horses showed a higher rate of head length, head perimeter, and lumbar back length and croup length. In contrast, Halla horses had a shorter neck length. Based on the results of horse competition and conformation analysis, it is concluded that Halla horses are suitable for youth show-jumping competitions and have the potential to be representative riding horses in South Korea.

본 연구는 3륜 승용관리기 복부 장착형의 회전 종자판식 2조 정밀 콩 파종작업기를 개발하여 장류 콩인 대원 콩을 대상으로 시험 포장에서 설정 파종 주간거리에 따른 작업속도별 파종작업기의 파종성능을 분석 하였다. 파종작업기 포장시험 결과 평균 파종 깊이는 2.34~3.98cm 범위로 나타났으며, 평균 주당 파종 종자 수는 2.00~2.36개의 범위로 나타났고, 평균 파종 주간거리는 설정 주간거리 15, 20, 25cm일 때 각 각 15.48~16.80, 20.04~22.04, 23.96~24.60cm의 범위로 나타났다. 평균 주당 출아 수는 1.89~2.12개 로 약 90% 이상의 높은 출아율을 보였으며, 평균 출아 주간거리는 설정 주간거리 15, 20, 25cm일 때 각 각 15.10~16.32, 19.84~20.45, 24.23~24.56cm의 범위로 나타났다. 콩 파종기는 설정 파종 주간거리 15, 20, 25cm에서 파종 작업속도 약 1.7m/s까지 설정 주간거리에 대한 평균 출아 주간거리의 비율과 평 균 주당 출아 수가 각각 96.9~108.8%, 1.89~2.12개로 나타나 매우 우수한 점파 파종성능을 보인 것으로 판단되며, 파종 작업속도를 1.0m/s, 포장효율을 약 60%로 고려할 때 콩 파종작업기는 약 30a/h의 유효작 업능률을 보일 것으로 예상되었다.

Various studies related to therapeutic horseback riding have been reported to be positive for the therapeutic effect of patients with cerebral palsy; however, most of the previous studies focused on to muscle development with training period related to the physical effects of therapeutic horseback riding. To identify the causes and phenomena of muscular activation of the body through actual therapeutic horseback riding exercise and to promote the excellence of physical effects of therapeutic horseback riding. This study was a nonrandomized prospective positive-controlled trial design. Twelve teenaged males with cerebral palsy were selected who had experienced riding exercise for 8-12 months. This study measured 8 muscle activities of the pectoralis major muscle (PM), biceps brachii (BB), rectus abdominis muscle (RA), latissimus dorsi muscle (LD), spinal erector muscle (SE), rectus femoris muscle (RF), anterior tibial muscle (AT), and external gastrocnemius muscle (EG) by using electromyography (EMG). Muscle activity was significantly higher in horse riding position than sitting on the common chair in all muscles (PM, BB, RA, LD, SE, RF, AT, and EG). The activity of the body muscles according to the difference of horse walking method (walk: WA; sitting trot: ST; and riding trot: RT) of therapeutic horse riding showed the highest muscle activity in the PM muscle at ST, and the highest activity at BB, RA, LD, SE, and AT muscles at ST and RT, and showed the highest muscle activity in RF and EG muscle at RT. The results of this study suggest that intervention for the treatment of cerebral palsy patients can use therapeutic riding exercise as a rehabilitation method.

PURPOSES: The purpose of this research is to analyze the characteristics of panels that affect the evaluating results of riding quality and to evaluate the appropriateness of roughness management criteria based on ride comfort satisfaction. METHODS: In order to analyze the influence of panel characteristics of riding quality, 33 panels, consisting of civilians and experts, were selected. Also, considering the roughness distribution of the expressway, 35 sections with MRI ranging from 1.17 m/km to 4.65 m/km were selected. Each panel boarded a passenger car and evaluated the riding quality with grades from 0 to 10, and assessed whether it was satisfied or not. After removing outlier results using a box plot technique, 964 results were analyzed. An ANOVA was conducted to evaluate the effects of panel expertise, age, driving experience, vehicle ownership, and gender on the evaluation results. In addition, by using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve, the MRI value, which can most accurately evaluate the satisfaction with riding quality, was derived. Then, the compatibility of MRI was evaluated using AUC as a criterion to assess whether the riding quality was satisfactory. RESULTS: Only the age of the panel participants were found to have an effect on the riding quality satisfaction. It was found that satisfaction with riding quality and MRI are strongly correlated. The satisfaction rate of roughness management criteria on new (MRI 1.6 m/km) and maintenance (MRI 3.0 m/km) expressways were 95% and 53%, respectively. As a result of evaluating the roughness management criteria by using the ROC curve, it was found that the accuracy of satisfaction was the highest at MRI 3.1-3.2 m/km. In addition, the AUC of the MRI was about 0.8, indicating that the MRI was an appropriate index for evaluating the riding quality satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results, the distribution of the panels’age should be considered when panel rating is conducted. From the results of the ROC curve, MRI of 3.0 m/km, which is a criterion of roughness management on maintenance expressways, is considered as appropriate.

Embryo transfer (ET) could be a relevant tool for genetic improvement programs in horses similar to those already underway in other species and produce multiple foals from the same mare in one breeding season. However, there have been no reports describing equine embryo transfer performed in Korea. In the present study, we performed an equine embryo collection and transfer procedure for the first time. We examined the embryo collection and pregnancy, size of embryo during the incubation period after collection, and progesterone (P4) and estradiol-17ß (E2) concentrations in mare’s serum at embryo collection and transfer. A total of 16 donors responded to estrus synchronization; estrus was induced in 12 donors and 4 recipients, and artificial insemination was successful in 10 donors and six blastocysts were collected from donors. Of these blastocysts, we monitored the size of blastocysts for 3 day during incubation and transferred 2 blastocysts to a recipient, with 1 successful pregnancy and foal achieved. The dimensions of equine embryo at day 7 to day 9 were 409 μm, 814 μm and 1,200 μm. The serum P4 and E2 concentrations were 7.91±0.37 ng/μL and 45.45±12.65 ng/μL in the donor mare, and 16.06±3.27 ng/μL and 49.13±10.09 ng/μL in the recipient mare.

Embryo transfer (ET) has been applied to many species, which also useful tools for genetic improvement in horses. ET enables to produce a multiple foals from one donor mare in the same breeding season. However, there have been no reports describing equine embryo transfer performed in Korea. In the present study, we performed an equine embryo collection and transfer procedure for the first time. We examined the embryo collection and pregnancy, size of embryo during the incubation period after collection, and progesterone (P4) and estradiol-17ß (E2) concentrations in mare’s serum at embryo collection and transfer. A total of 16 donors responded to estrus synchronization; estrus was induced in 12 donors and 4 recipients, and artificial insemination was successful in 10 donors and six blastocysts were collected from donors. Of these blastocysts, we monitored the size of blastocysts for 3 day during incubation and transferred 2 blastocysts to a recipient, with 1 successful pregnancy and foal achieved. The dimensions of equine embryo at day 7 to day 9 were 409 μm, 814 μm and 1,200 μm. The serum P4 and E2 concentrations were 7.91±0.37 ng/μL and 45.45±12.65 ng/μL in the donor mare, and 16.06±3.27 ng/μL and 49.13±10.09 ng/μL in the recipient mare.

This paper reviews the one of problems that may occure for the tram operating in Korea, it's a free-riding problem, I analyzed the feasibility of combining the introduction of world-class technology solution "IT". It is under review the introduction of tram in Su-won city, Chang-won city, Wi-Rye new town. Free-riding is one of the biggest issues of any agency that operates the public transportation system. It has been acting as the main factors threatening the financial integrity of the operating agency, and the ratio of free-riding is further increased. In this paper, I want to build a foundation for the development of the system by analyzing the economic feasibility for the introduction of free-riding prevention system.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this article is to compare and evaluate the riding comfort of a passenger in tunnels depending on different surface textures of concrete pavement. METHODS: Evaluation of riding comfort is conducted at 17 sections, which have different surface texture such as transverse tinned(TT), longitudinal tinned(LT) and diamond grinded(DG). A triaxial accelerometer was set up on the passenger seat surface of the test vehicle to measure vibrations of an occupant, then the effects of vibration on comfort and health were evaluated by ISO 2631. And microphones were installed at passenger's ears height to measure sound pressure level(SPL) in the test vehicle. Additionally, a surface microphone was installed on the inside of wheel arch to evaluate noise between tire and pavement by NCPX method. All tests were conducted cruising at 100km/h. RESULTS : The results of all tests are as follows. First, both vibration magnitudes for comfort and for health in LT and DG sections are almost same and they represent lower than those in TT sections. Second, the average SPL of DG shows the lowest decibels among them. And third, it is founded that interior noise is significantly affected by noise between tire and pavement. CONCLUSIONS : It may be concluded that DG can provide more excellent riding comfort to passenger than LT or TT. Therefore, it is necessary to consider applying DG to existing pavement surface to improve surface condition when the driving environment especially requires riding comfort like a long tunnel.

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of a horse riding simulator and galvanic vestibular stimulation on improving the ability to balance posture and proprioception. Thirty healthy adults participated and were randomly assigned to a horse riding simulator group (=10), galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) group (=10), control group (=10). Experiment groups were trained 3 times per week over 6 weeks. The ability to balance posture was measured by force plate and proprioception was measured by Joint position sense. The following results were obtained. the changes of balance index were significant interaction in each group in accordance with the experiment time in 0, 3 and 6 weeks (p<.05). All groups showed the most decreasing pattern compared with the control group. But was not statistically significant. Proprioception was significant interaction in each group in accordance with the experiment time (p<.05). All groups showed the most decreasing pattern compared with the control group. The above results indicated that the 6 weeks horse riding simulator and galvanic vestibular stimulation training demonstrated positive effects in the ability to balance posture and proprioception. These results suggest that the horse riding simulator and galvanic vestibular stimulation training could be therapeutic intervention that can improve balance and postural control.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to identify the priorities of psychological drives in participating in therapeutic horse-riding. Methods: To accomplish the task, factors on psychological drivers in rehabilitation horse-riding were extracted using Delphi technique. Also, the questionnaire was composed of extracted items for parents (N = 40) of children with disabilities, and data for analytic hierarchy analysis (AHP) were collected. Results: As a result of analyzing the psychological factors of participating in therapeutic horse-riding, it has shown in the order of achievement (0.302), emotional regulation (0.248), concentration (0.206), goal consciousness (0.117), confidence (0.065) and anxiety (0.062). Conclusion: The results of this study show that the appropriate rehabilitation horse-riding program for children with disabilities aims at participating to achieve psychological stability such as high sense of achievement, emotional control, and concentration. Therefore, this study suggests that it is necessary to develop a program that can increase the psychological factors and enhance the professionalism of rehabilitation in order to meet parents’ needs for children with disabilities.

주 5일 근무제 정착과 여가활용에 대한 인식이 개선되면서 출·퇴근이나 야간시간을 활용하여 스포츠를 즐기는 레저인구가 급속도로 늘어나고 있으며, 현대인들의 일상 속에서 레저복이나 아웃도어복을 입고 비즈니스 업무를 보는 에슬레져룩 문화가 중가하고 있다. 이에 패션성을 갖춘 일상복으로서 라이딩복을 원하는 수요가 증대하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 무봉제 웰딩기법을 적용하여 안정성과 패션성을 동시에 충족시키고 활동성 및 시티웨어로서의 패션성을 고루 갖춘 도심형 라이딩웨어용 자켓을 디자인하였다. 디자인 특성은 최대한 라이딩 활동에 저해되지 않도록 몸판의 경우 등을 자주 구부리는 라이딩의 특성에 따라 상의 앞쪽 보다는 뒤쪽을 더 길게 내려오도록 제작 하고, 등판 절개 기법으로 늘어났다 줄어 들 수 있는 봉제기법을 접목하였다. 또한, 뒷판에 포켓을 부착하여 기능성을 살릴 수 있으며 패션 아이템으로도 활용 가능하도록 하였다. 심실링테이프 및 웰딩 지퍼 처리를 하여 야간 라이딩시 안전성을 강화하였다. 라이딩복으로서의 기본적인 기능성과 시티웨어로서의 패션성을 갖춘 도심형 라이더 자켓디자인 개발을 통하여 소비자들의 구매 만족도를 향상시키고 나아가 국내 시티스포츠웨어 생산 판매업체에게 실증적인 패턴 자료를 제공해 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

This study examined effects of service quality, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, tangibles and empathy on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty by surveying users of Jangsu Horse Riding Experience Course at a time that an interest in horseback riding experience increases. Hypothesis was tested by conducting frequency analysis and regression analysis. It was found that for service quality and customer satisfaction of horse riding experience which is hypothesis 1, all dimensions except empathy were significant. It was revealed that hypothesis 2 which customer satisfaction will have a significant influence on customer loyalty is significant. It was found that hypothesis 3 which service quality will have an influence on customer loyalty is significant except assurance of service quality. Findings of this study suggest that empathy in customer satisfaction and assurance in customer satisfaction should be improved.

This paper analyzes the motion of a horseback riding robot which has two actuators and three joints. It is impossible to control the saddle to get to any position and orientation using the two motors because the robot has less degrees of freedom than the number of joints. Therefore it is required to know the possible location and orientation along with the velocity characteristics of each pose prior to motion planning. For this purpose, this paper analyzes the characteristics of the robot motion. The authors derive the forward and inverse kinematics of the robot motion and developed the trajectory editor for motion planning. Also, Jacobian of the robot is analyzed. It reveals that one of the actuator has little influence to the speed of the saddle motion while the other affects the speed of the saddle motion dominantly. The approach of the paper can be applied for the analysis of characteristics of a robot which has less number of actuators than that of joints.

This paper describe the riding robot system named by "RideBot" which is a riding robot like as a horse. In order to simulate the riding motions, we develope the saddle mechanism which can generate 3 DOF motions including pitch, roll, and bounce movement, and also we controlled the riding motions and the intention of horseman. To generate the riding motions with the bodily sensation, we developed Novel Washout Filter and the algorithms for motion control. And also, we developed some health care service for the health care of horseman. A body state index was proposed that evaluates the personal health state from both the measured physiological variables and the surveyed questions. The physiological variables such as weight, blood pressure, heart rate variability (HRV), accelerated state photoplethysmograph(APG), body fat, and happiness index were measured by the specially designed bio-handle system and survey questions. The efficiency of the proposed ride robot is evaluated in the experiments.