Here we report the protective activity of cultured Acer tegmentosum cell extract against liver damage in rat intentionally instigated by D-galactosamine. Local fat degeneration and infiltration of inflammatory cells were significantly decreased in cultured A. tegmentosum cell extract administered rat. In addition, acutely increased AST, ALT, LDH, ALP activities and lipid peroxidation and lipid content by liver damage were recovered in experimental rat administrated with A. tegmentosum extract. These results showed that cultured A. tegmentosum cell extract has a role in blood enzyme activation and lipid content restoration within damaged rat liver tissues. Moreover expression rate of TNF-α which accelerates inflammation and induces tissue damage and necrosis was significantly decreased. Also activities of antioxidant enzymes were more effectively upregulated comparing to those of the control group induced hepatotoxicity. All data that cultured A. tegmentosum cell extract has a preventive role against liver damages such as inflammation, tissue necrosis in rats by improving activities of blood enzymes, antioxidant enzymes and modulating expression of inflammation factor, suggest that cultured Acer tegmentosum cell extract is an effective medicinal resource for restoration of hepatotoxicity.

KCI 2012 and ACI318-11 contains development length provisions for the use of headed deformed bars in tension and does not allow their tension lap splices. In ACI318-11, the confinement factor, such as transverse reinforcement factor, is not used to calculate the development length of headed bars. The purpose of this experimental study is to evaluate the effect of confinement details to the lap splice performance of headed deformed reinforcing bars in grade SD400 and SD500. The confinement details are stirrups and tie-down bars in lap zone. Test results showed that specimens with only stirrups had the brittle failure and could not increase lap strengths, and that specimens with composite confinements by stirrups and tie-down bars had the flexural strengths over than nominal flexural strengths. Stirrups with tie-down bars can have an effect on improvement in lap splice of headed bars in grade SD400 and SD500.

In this study, the effect of Curcuma longa L. on obesity and insulin resistance was investigated in animals fed a moderate high fat diet. The animals used in this study were normal weight Spargue-Dawley (SD) rats and type 2 diabetic obese db/db mice. Accumulation of abdominal adipose tissue and weight gain were inhibited in the animals fed the C. longa extract. C. longa decreased fasting insulin and HOMA-IR in the SD rats, and effectively decreased blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c in db/db mice. C. longa decreased serum free fatty acid (FFA) level in the SD rats. FFA in db/db mice fed C. longa tended to decrease. C. longa significantly decreased serum triglyceride level. Our results collectively represent that C. longa prevented fat accumulation and insulin resistance in both normal weight SD rats and type 2 diabetic obese db/db mice fed a moderate high fat diet.

질경이 추출물을 농축하여 동결 건조해서 실험동물인 SD계 수컷 흰쥐의 실험식이에 0.5% 수준으로 첨가하여 7주간 사육하면서 체중은 7일 간격으로 섭취는 2일 간격으로 오전 9시에 측정하였으며, 활성산소 및 항산화 활성 측정은 2회 측정하였다. 또한 실험이 종료된 후 실험동물을 단두 도살하여 혈청 중 총콜레스테롤, HDL-콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 혈당, 인지질을 측정하여 지질함량에 미치는 영향을 측정 하였다. 질경이 추출물을 SD계 수컷 흰쥐 에

The forecasting of container volume which is the basis of port logistics facilities expansion has a great influence on development of an port. Based on this importance, various previous studies have presented methodology on container volume forecasting. The results of many previous studies pointed out the limitations of future forecasting based on past container volume and emphasized that more various factors should be considered to compensate this. Taking notice of this point, this study forecasted future container volume by using ARIMA model, time series analysis and System Dynamics (SD) method, a dynamic analysis technique and performed the comparative review with the forecast of the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime affairs. Recently with rapid changes in economic and social environment, the non-linear change tendency for forecasting container traffic is presented as a new alternative to the country.

본 연구에서는 보다 자유로운 형상의 슬리브를 만들 수 있는 구상흑연 주철을 이용하여 보다 효과적으로 구조성능을 발휘하면서 SD500 고강도 철근에 적합하게 개발된 모르타르 충전식 슬리브 철근이음을 대상으로 실물크기의 19개 실험체를 제작하여 반복가력실험을 실시하였다. 그리고 강도, 강성, 슬립을 중심으로 한 구조성능에 대하여 본 실험의 주요한 변수에 따르는 영향을 분석하고, 국내기준을 비롯한 주요기준의 요구 성능과 비교하였다. 본 연구결과에서는 SD500 고강도 철근용으로 개발한 모르타르 충전식 슬리브 철근이음은 반복하중이 작용하는 경우에 대하여 국내기준을 비롯한 주요기준에서 요구하는 구조성능을 보유하고 있는 것이 확인되었고, SD500 고강도 철근용 모르타르 충전식 슬리브 철근이음에 대한 구조설계 기준 정립에 필요한 정량적인 기술 데이터를 제시하였다.

본 연구에서는 SD500 고강도 철근에 적합한 강관 스플라이스 슬리브를 개발한 후에 실물크기의 20개 실험체를 제작하여 가력실험을 실시하였다. 그리고 강도를 비롯한 구조성능을 철근의 정착길이, 슬리브의 타입, 철근의 규격과 같은 실험변수에 따른 영향을 분석하고, 국내기준을 비롯한 주요기준에 따라서 비교, 평가하였다. 실험 결과는 SD500 고강도 철근용으로 개발된 강관 스플라이스 슬리브 철근이음은 주요기준에서 요구하는 구조성능을 가지고 있는 것으로 확인되었고 SD500 고강도 철근용 슬리브 철근이음에 대한 구조설계 기준 확립을 위한 기술적 자료를 제시하였다.

Introduction : The obesity can be a serious problem that frequently induces a great deal of complications. Numerous methods have been applied to control obesity and one of them is aromatherapy. This study is a first attempt to verify the effect of the inhalation of essential oils on the obesity. This study was designed as the animal study, because the human study has many socio-psycho compounding variables. Methods : This study was designed to verify the effect of inhalation of essential oils on the body weight, feeding amount, food efficiency rate and serum leptin of SD rats. The research design is repeated measures over time, equivalent control group pretest-posttest experimental design. The subjects of this experiment were obese SD rats. They were allocated to one of four groups, the Fennel G., the Patchouli G., the Bergamot G. and control G. The experimental treatment was the inhalation of aromatherapy essential oils (Fennel, Patchouli, Bergamot). The experimental treatment was applied two times a day for 10 minutes each during 8 weeks. To evaluate the effect of inhalation of essential oils, the body weight, feeding amount and food efficiency rate was measured every week and serum leptin was measured before and after the experiment. The collected data was analyzed by repeated measures of ANOVA, Greenhouse-Geisser, ANOVA, Tukey, Kruskal Wallis test and χ²- test with SPSS program. Results : The results were as follows. The subjects of this study was 84 obese SD rats(40 males and 44 females). The means of age and body weight in obese SD rats were 30 weeks and 344.6g. The food efficiency rate was significantly lower in the Patchouli group and Fennel group than in Bergamot group and control group(P=.000). No significant group effects were found, but significant time effects were found for SD rat's body weight, feeding amount and serum leptin. Conclusions : In conclusion, these findings indicate that the inhalation of essential oils could be effective in lowering the food efficiency rate. 2)

The color and structure of urban constructions is a factor of urban landscape and shows their characteristics. Hence the modern buildings deal with their materials and external appearance as an important factor, making up the urban image. But it was nearby impossible to evaluate the value of visual landscape with objective measuring method. Most of all, it depends on the subjective estimation of a few talented or high educated experts with a sense of beauty. Such kinds of estimation can in some cases include arbitrary interpretations. In relation to this kind of problems, it is tried here in this study to analyse the human response of brain wave pattern (EEG) with use of SD method, while the tested persons watch the urban landscape scenery constructed in a visual reality. The tested persons were 20 adult male and female with no color blindness and intact cognitive function. Light source with color filter was used for color environment in a dark soundproof chamber. The signal of EEG is analysed digitally and grouped into the α and β waves. The result showed that relative power of α wave ratio increased in the natural landscape scenery with blue and green color. From these results it was possible to evaluate the human response, which is affected by urban and natural color and structure stimulation and it might be useful as an indicator of visual cognition amenity toward the design of urban construction environment.