Detergency and surface active properties of mixed anionic surfactants with amphoteric and nonionic were investigated. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and ammonium dodecyl sulfate (ADS) as anionic surfactants and cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) as an amphoteric surfactant were used. Nonionic surfactants, which are butyl glucoside (BG), octyl glucoside (OG), decyl glucoside (DG), lauryl dimethylamine oxide (AO) and saponin were also used. To study the synergy effects of mixed SDS/ADS anionic surfactant systems, amphoteric and nonionic surfactants were added into the mixed anionic surfactants. Investigated properties of surfactant mixtures were critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface tension (γ), wettability. In addition, based on these properties, detergency of each sample was examined. Surfactant mixtures are anionics (SDS/ADS), anionic/amphoteric/nonionic (SDS/ADS/CAPB/ saponin), and anionic/nonionic (SDS/ADS/BG/saponin, SDS/ADS/OG/saponin, SDS/ADS/ DG/saponin, and SDS/ADS/AO/saponin). With the addition of amphoteric and nonionic to mixed anionic surfactants, CMC and γ were decreased. Addition of CAPB, which is amphoteric, showed the best property at CMC and γ. Furthermore, as the chain length of hydrocarbon in alkyl glucosides was increased, the CMC and γ were enhanced. However, the wettability did not exactly match up with CMC and γ. The surfactant mixture, which contained DG, showed the best performance at wetting time. Detergency was measured at various temperatures (15 oC, 30 oC, 50 oC). The cleaning performance was enhanced by increasing washing temperature. Moreover, detergency was influenced by not only CMC and γ but also wettability. Although CMC and γ were not minimum at surfactant mixture that included DG, the best cleaning performance showed in that sample.

Real-time PCR could help to provide answers to urgent questions about the incidence, prevalence, and epidemiology of currently emerging food-borne bacteria and diseases as identification and detection tools. The objective of this study was carried out to examine several critical parameters that must be optimized when converting from the ABI Prism 7000 SDS platform to the Cepheid SmartCycler Ⅱ so as to directly use the same primer and probe sequences. A lyophilized master mix-OmniMix HS bead, MgCl2 concentration, and PCR cycling conditions were evaluated so as to convert to a new platform, Smartcycler Ⅱ. The best optimal cycling conditions to detect Cronobacter sakazakii on SmartCycler Ⅱ were as follow: initial denaturation at 95℃ for 2 min followed by 45 cycles of 95℃ for 15 s, and 60℃ for 60 s using OmniMix HS bead contained 6 mM MgCl2 concentration. And the Ct value was 16.97 compared to 23.84 of Ct value in ABI Prism 7000 SDS. This result showed that when the several analytical parameters were taken the consideration for optimization, it could be performed assays between real-time PCR platforms. Also it is need of further study to develop the new single multiplex real-time PCR method for determining various Cronobacter spp. including three subspecies, too.

The blending effects of surfactants on the polystyrene emulsion polymerization were studied. The blending of Triton X-100 and SDS affects to the interfacial properties of the styrene monomer and water phases, and finally, the properties of the polystyrene latex particles. As the blending ratio of SDS/Triton X-100 increases, the interfacial tension and CMC of the blended surfactants were decreased and results in a reducing the size of the latex particles. It was found that the interfacial tension was reduced when the surfactant were blended. By increasing the SDS content, the interfacial tension was reduced, and, at a certain condition, the interfacial tension was reached to an extremely low value to form micro-emulsion and the nano-sized latex particles (80~110 nm).

국내 밀 육종 시스템의 빵용 밀 육종 선발의 효율성을 높이고자 국내산 밀 품종을 이용하여 Glu-1과 Glu-3의 DNA 표지인자를 이용한 유전자형 확인과 multiplex-PCR을 이용하여 Glu-1과 Glu-3을 분석하였다. 글루텐닌 발현에 연관된 유전자 서열 특이적 분자표지인 Glu-1과 Glu-3의 밴드 패턴은 SDS-PAGE를 이용하여 분석한 글루텐닌 조성 분석 결과와 일치하였으며, multiplex-PCR을 이용하여 Glu-1 분석하였고, Glu-3의 경우 제빵 적성에 연관되거나 국내 품종에서 특이적으로 발현되는 Glu-A3와 Glu-B3의 분석이 가능하였다. 이러한 결과는 국내 밀의 유전적 다양성을 확보하기 위한 자원 도입을 위한 평가와 육종 초기세대 계통에서 글루텐닌의 유전적 분석에 이용이 가능하기 때문에 국내 밀 육종 시스템에서 유용하게 적용될 것으로 생각한다.