PURPOSES : The effect of yellow carpet visibility enhancement was verified and its impact on traffic safety for effective introduction of traffic safety facilities was studied. METHODS : There is currently no scientific evidence demonstrating that yellow carpets improve pedestrian awareness. In this study, the effect of increasing visibility caused by the installation of yellow carpet was verified, and the effect of improving the level of traffic safety was examined through an objective analysis. A drone was used to collect and analyze video data to compare the driving speeds of vehicles passing near yellow carpets at six different sites and diagnose the effects of speed reduction. RESULTS : The results showed that the visibility improvement values before and after the installation of the yellow carpet differed from place to place, but a visibility improvement effect existed in certain cases. In terms of the adequacy of the installation site, the yellow carpet had no deceleration effect on vehicles driving on signalized local streets and collector highways. It was found that there was a speed reduction effect on unsignalized local streets. CONCLUSIONS : To enhance traffic safety promotion, yellow carpets should be placed on unsignalized local streets. It is important to place the yellow carpet in the right place in a proper manner.

PURPOSES : This study analyzes the effectiveness of different types of children's safety devices in a school zone. The analysis targets are yellow carpet type A (installed up to the floor and wall) and yellow carpet type B (installed only on the floor). METHODS : Based on field data collected at a school zone in Seoul, statistical tests were conducted to compare three different pairs of data: (1) none vs. yellow carpet type A, (2) none vs. yellow carpet type B, and (3) yellow carpet types A and B. The test employed two different measures: (1) the level of drivers’ eye attention and (2) the level of the vehicle deceleration rate. The study utilized software named "Visual Attention Software" to quantify the level of drivers’ eye attention at the location where children pedestrians were waiting for a green signal. It also utilized the Vegas (pro 17) image processing software to reduce the cruising speed data frame-by-frame from the video streaming data. The image data used in this study were collected with (1) camcorders attached to a test vehicle and (2) a drone aerial imaging technique. RESULTS : It was found that the level of the drivers’ eye attention level improved in the daytime when either of yellow carpet types A and B was placed; moreover, the safety enhancement effects were statistically identical. However, in nighttime, the measures only improved when the yellow carpet type A was placed. It was learned that yellow carpet type A provides significant safety effects according to both measures, i.e., the level of drivers’ eye attention and cruising speed. CONCLUSIONS : The test results suggest that the yellow carpet type A should be installed in school zones to maximize the safety effects of yellow carpets.

PURPOSES : Speed management is essential for enhancing children’s safety in school zones. The objectives of this study are to analyze how digital-based school zone signs and newly proposed signage for increasing visibility influence speed reductions and how the new system facilitates drivers obeying the speed limits. METHODS : A before/after analysis technique with comparison groups (widely used to evaluate safety effects) was employed. To effectively capture the safety effects of the new system, two significant measures were selected as the measures of effectiveness: the rates of change in space mean speeds and speed limit compliance. RESULTS : With three target sites and three comparison sites, the mean space speeds after installing the new systems were found to be slightly reduced for all target sites (the reduction rates of the space mean speed were found to be 5% for site A, 1% for site B, and 6% for site C). The lack of a constant tendency in speed reduction effects at all sites might be owing to the fact that the speed data collection was conducted before the driver's system adaptation was sufficiently performed. Regarding the speed limit compliance rate, significant increases were observed at two sites (10% for site A and 51% for site C), but site B did not show an increasing effect. The reason for the absence of this effect is that the installation of crosswalks and speed bumps at the target site affected the driver's compliance with the speed limit. CONCLUSIONS : An insufficient amount of evaluation results was obtained for the new guidance system. However, the new guidance system method provides an alternative approach to improving children's safety, i.e., by inducing drivers to actively slow down in school zones.

Children are out future society members but they are not well cared to be safe from various accidents. This is due to facilities were installed upon the children's for adults which can not provide safe traffic environment for children's schooling who are not fare enough experience and matured. "The Rule of declaim for school zone and it's Management"was established in the year 1995 based on the article 11 by the "Road Traffic Low". And 15,136 school zone declared by the above rule. In this study, four elementary schools located in Nowon-gu are selected and analyzed about state of elementary school, scope of school zone, installation of street furniture, and safety signs. The analysis showed that scope of school zone is currently set in 150-meter though the regulation is within 300-meter radius. Therefore, expansion of the scope is required. It is necessary to take control of vehicle during commuting times and holograms which can be noticed in school zone have to be installed as well. Through these improvements, safety zone will be offered to children effectually.

PURPOSES : This study is to develop ISM for potential risk factor in School Zone. METHODS : Based on the literature review, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) has been used most widely. However, it is difficult to apply in practice because the AHP results have the characteristics of the independence between each element and the interlayer can not explain the interrelationship. The Network Analysis Process (ANP) is possible to analyze the relationship between the elements and the network through the feedback. But, the reliability of the analysis fall because of complicated pair of comparison, also it is difficult to solve the super matrix. In this study, the complicated relationship between each element is inquired through the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM). RESULTS : The methodology of ISM is developed to remove the children's potential risk factors in school zone. CONCLUSIONS : It is possible to remove the children's potential risk factors from low level to high level step by step and improve safety. Through this, risk factors can be removed from the low-level, and upper-level will automatically improve.

The acid value of the oil extracted from the three kinds of 15 fried foods ranged from 0.89 to 3.92, the peroxide value ranged 10.0～57.14 meg/㎏. Among the samples, popcorn chicken contained the highest crude fat content, showing 6.64± 0.26(%), while the french-fries showed 2.87±0.31(%), which was the lowest. The content of the trans fatty acid per 100 g of the foods were; the fried foods: 0.02～0.06 g. The french-fries contained the lowest saturated fatty acid per 100 g of the foods, showing 0.41～1.55 g, while the popcorn chicken showed the highest content, 1.16～3.43 g. The fried foods contained the highest linoleic acid content. Further, fried foods exhibited safe levels of trans fat content. The “School Zone”, which sells snacks, candies, chocolates flow, was not detected in the saccharin. Cookies, candies, chocolate was not detected in the tar colors. Aerobic plate count were ranged from 0∼4, 700 cfu/g in cookies, Salmonella test came out negative.

This survey was conducted to monitor the total sugar, sodium, and artificial sweetener contents of light meals from the school zone in Gwangju, from November, 2008 to April, 2009. A total of 100 samples were tested. HPLC/ELSD was used for the determination of total sugar contents and AAS for sodium contents. Total sugar amounts were the sum of both mono-and disaccharide according to nutritional information standard defined by the Korea Food and Drug Administration. The results were as follows by the form of total sugar content(sodium content): 5.7 ± 1.9%(4.6 ± 1.6 mg/g) for Tteokbokki, 7.6 ± 5.1%(5.4 ± 2.7 mg/g) for Chicken(skewed), 15.4 ± 3.2%(3.0 ± 0.9 mg/g) for Bun(fish-shaped), 0.6 ± 0.3%(3.7 ± 1.0 mg/g) for Sundae, 0.9 ± 0.3%(7.4 ± 1.4 mg/g) for Oden(with broth), 20.5 ± 6.2%(2.9 ± 0.6 mg/g) for Waffle, 6.8 ± 2.2%(4.7 ± 1.0 mg/g) for Hotdog, 14.2 ± 2.8%(3.1 ± 1.6 mg/g) for Hotteok, 6.6 ± 2.1%(3.9 ± 0.6 mg/g) for Toast, 10.1 ± 3.7%(2.3 ± 0.7 mg/g) for Fry(sweet potato), 1.6 ± 0.7% (4.0 ± 0.7 mg/g) for Fry(etc), and 9.3 ± 2.4%(4.0 ± 0.6 mg/g) for Doughnut. In addition, sodium saccharin, one of the artificial sweeteners, was tested. Among 60 samples from February to April, 2009, 11 samples had sodium saccharin(6.7~101.0 mg/kg).

This survey was conducted to monitor the safety of children snacks circulated in a stationary store or small shop around the elementary school from March to October, 2008, in Gwangju. A total of 309 samples was tested. Of these samples, 254 were confectioneries, 41 were ready-to-eat foods like kimbap, 4 were beverages and 10 were the others like fishery products. 259 were domestic products and 50 were imported. By the origin of imported samples, 17 were from china, 6 from U.S.A., 5 from india and etc. We found out that in acid value, 2 cases of fried snacks(3.9 and 4.4) proved to exceed regulatory guidance(2.0). And among ready-to-eat foods, two kimbap had Staphylococcus aureus, and one had Escherichia coli, which microorganism could cause food poisoning.

南冥 曺植(1501-1572)의 ｢神明舍圖銘｣은 한 인물이 자신의 마음을 어떻게 수양하여 성인의 경지에 이를 수 있을까를 고민하고 이겨내는 과정을 다룬 것 으로, 그의 엄격한 수양론을 극명하게 드러내고 있다. 본고에서는 남명의 ｢신명 사도명｣을 계승한 남명학파 학자들의 문학 작품 5편을 통시적으로 살펴봄으로 써, 지리산권 가운데 하나인 진주를 중심으로 형성되었던 남명학파의 마음 공 부를 이해하는 일단의 실마리로 삼았다. 대상으로는 삼은 작품은 龜巖 李楨의 ｢神明舍賦｣, 東岡 金宇顒의 ｢天君傳｣, 寒沙 姜大遂의 ｢神明舍記｣, 台溪 河溍의 ｢神明舍記｣, 俛宇 郭鍾錫의 ｢神明舍賦｣ 등이다. 이 5편의 문학 작품이 가지는 재해석의 면모와 시대적 의미를 고찰해 볼 때, 크게 두 가지 정도로 그 결론을 정리해 볼 수 있다. 첫째, 남명의 ｢신명도사명｣을 각기 계승하되 그것이 함유하고 있는 의미와 중 요성을 저마다의 입지와 관점에서 조명하고 있음을 발견할 수 있다. 5편의 작품 들은 자신의 관점과 시대적 필요에 의거해 ｢신명사도명｣의 핵심을 파악하는 해 석의 각도가 차이를 빚게 되었다. 따라서 부각시키려 한 중심 내용이 달라질 수 밖에 없었던 것이다. 둘째, 남명학파의 계보상에서 저자들을 구분해 볼 때, 그들의 작품이 가지는 의의를 남명학파의 시대적 상황과 연관시켜 가늠해 보게 된다. 구암과 동강의 작품은 ‘남명학의 계승과 전파’라는 측면에서 그 의미를 이해할 수 있다. 한사와 태계의 작품은 인조 반정 직후 남명학파의 명맥이 끊어질 위기에 봉착하여 ‘학 맥의 수호’라는 관점에서 해석해 볼 수 있다. 면우의 작품은 외세의 침략과 국 가의 존망이 위태로운 시기에 유학적 마음 수양의 指南으로서 ‘남명의 심학을 천양’한 것이라고 규정해 볼 수 있다.