Hong Kong’s local writer Shu Xiangcheng has pioneered a course of local writing in Hong Kong literature that is unique to Hong Kong’s experience and composed entirely of local colours, and this has been recognised by critics. This article takes his long masterpiece The Sun Set as an example. Through his reproduction of Lingnan culture and Hong Kong’s regional features and people, we can see the picture of life with a strong Lingnan flavour sketched out by his delicate brushstrokes. From his reflections on urban expansion, we can see his “nostalgia” and “land-loving complex” with the port where he grew up, and his poetic and authentic language style, which provided valuable assets for the rise of local writers and the enrichment of Lingnan and Hong Kong literature later on. Unlike the vernacular writings of the Mainland and Taiwan in the same period, Shu Xiangcheng uses purely vernacular support to reproduce the reverse but romantic scenery of the ports at the same time when Hong Kong’s urban civilisation was progressing, in order to express his nostalgia for the disappeared ports in the expanding city, his praise for the simple folkways of the ports, and his critique of the city’s decadence and desires.

기존 교량을 일체식 교대 교량과 같이 거동할 수 있도록 교대 흉벽과 상부슬래브를 일체화하는 흉 벽 일체식 교대 교량 공법에 관한 것으로, 교대 흉벽은 뒤채움 토사의 토압을 주요 하중으로 설계되기 때문에 배면부에는 휨보강 철근이 배치되지만 흉벽 일체화에 따른 흉벽 전면부에 온도팽창에 저항하 기에 부족한 철근량을 가지게 된다. 본 실험 연구는 일체화된 흉벽 구조체의 단차부 전면에 부착-정 착방식으로 제작된 FRP 보강체를 사용하여 휨 실험을 수행하고 이를 비교 분석하였다.

엽상자어(Leptocephalus)는 뱀장어목(Anguiliformes)에 속하는 어류의 자어로 5~6월에 우리나라 남해안 일대의 정치망에서 멸치와 함께 어획 후 방류하지만 대부분 폐사하는 실정이다. 따라 서 본 연구의 목적은 멸치어업을 하는 정치망에서 무분별하게 포획되는 엽상자어의 종을 구명 하여 수산자원보호 및 이들 자치어 생태 연구를 위한 기초 생물학적 자료를 제시하고자 수행 하였다. 실험에 사용된 엽상자어는 5~6월에 남해의 정치망에서 채집하였으며, 외부형태와 유 전학적 특성을 붕장어(Conger myriaster), 갯장어(Muraenesox cinereus) 및 뱀장어속(Anguilla) 4종의 성어와 비교하였다. 유전학적 분석은 추출한 DNA를 12s rRNA, 16s rRNA 부분단편을 PCR로 증폭하여 염기배열을 분석한 후 분자계통수를 작성하여 장어류 유생이 붕장어, 갯장어 및 뱀장어속 4종 중 어느 쪽의 성체와 클러스터 그룹화를 이루는지 계통학적 유연관계를 확 인하였다. 엽상자어의 외부형태 계수 및 계측결과 엽상자어의 전장에 대한 머리길이의 백분비 와 뒷지느러미 기점거리의 백분비는 붕장어와 가장 유사한 비율을 보였고, 척추골수 역시 붕 장어와 가장 유사하였다. 또한 엽상자어의 유전자 분석결과는 모두 붕장어 성체와 클러스터 그룹화를 이루는 것을 확인함으로서 남해안에서 5~6월에 어획되는 엽상자어는 모두 붕장어의 자어임을 할 수 있었다.

The United States enforces the seafood import regulations so-called the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA), and by 2023, all exports of aquatic products and processed fish products by fisheries which have not obtained an “Comparability Finding” from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration will be completely banned. Therefore, to respond to the US MMPA, it is critical to identify technologies and methods used in worldwide for reducing bycatch of marine mammals. In particular, marine mammals are frequently caught in five fisheries (trawl, gill net, trap, stow net and set net) in Korea, which is facing a great challenge. This study presented bycatch reduction methods by five fisheries, classified the methods by country, and suggested appropriate reduction methods which can be applied in Korea.

주변 국가인 태국, 캄보디아, 베트남, 라오스 등에서 벼멸구(Nilaparvata lugens)와 흰등멸구(Sogatella furcifera)를 채집하던 중, 벼멸구와 형태가 아주 유사한 이삭멸구(N. muiri)와 벼멸구붙이(N. bakeri), 그리고 흰등 멸구와 형태가 아주 유사한 흰등멸구붙이(S. kolophon), 피멸구(S. vibix) 그리고 애멸구(Laodelphax striatellus)가 동시에 채집이 되는 등 형태적 차이점이 거의 없어 전문가도 쉽게 구분하지 못하는 문제가 있음이 확인되었다. 따라서 형태가 유사한 상기 멸구류의 종 동정을 확실히 할 수 있는 PCR용 프라이머의 개발을 위해 벼멸구 및 흰등멸구의 미토콘드리아 내 COI 영역을 특이적으로 검출할 수 있는 프라이머 세트를 제작하고 종 동정 효과를 확인하였다.

이 연구는 집단 간 양극화가 정책 갈등이 지속되는 요인임을 밝혀 사 회적 갈등을 어떤 방식으로 해결해 나가야 하는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 정책 갈등 지속에 영향을 미치는 원인을 규명하기 위해 퍼지셋 질적 비 교분석을 통해 우리나라의 대표적인 갈등 사례를 분석하여 정책 갈등을 지속시키는 요인과 지속시키지 않는 요인을 분석하였고, 정책 갈등과 거 래비용 이론 및 행위자들의 전략적인 행위를 우리나라 대표적인 갈등 사 례를 바탕으로 갈등이 지속되는 인과조건에 대한 분석을 시도하였다. 분 석 결과 집단의 양극화가 심화됨에　따라 갈등 지속 기간이 길어졌음을 확인했고, 집단 내 동질화가 집단 간 이질화를 심화시킨다는 것을 밝혀 냈다. 우리나라의 대표적인 갈등 사례를 분석하여 갈등이 지속되는 주요 원인을 규명해냈으며, 현실 문제에 적용할 수 있는 시사점을 제시하였다.

Fish school monitoring technology is utilized for various purposes, such as boat fishing and resource surveys. With advancements in information and communication technology, this technology has expanded its application to remote areas. Its significance has grown in fishing sites, particularly for improving the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of set-net fishing. Set-net fishing gears are not limited to coastal areas, but are also installed in inland and remote sea regions. Consequently, fishermen require technology that allows them to quickly transmit information about approaching fish schools and enables them to perform long-term monitoring. The development of remote monitoring technology for set-net fish schools must consider crucial design factors such as communication range, transmission speed, power consumption of information modules, and operational expenses. In this study, we developed a low-power remote monitoring module for set-net fish school based on WCDMA. The module was specifically designed to minimize power consumption, allowing for communication over long distances and extended operation times in set-net fishing applications. Furthermore, we developed a web server software application that enables remote access to fish schools and provides real-time weather information. The performance of the developed module was evaluated through set-net fishing site application and experiments with moving ships on the sea. The experimental results demonstrated that the remote monitoring system, consisting of the developed low-power remote monitoring module for set-net fish school based on WCDMA and a fish finder, had an average power consumption of 4.6 W, a maximum communication range of 22.84 km, and a data transmission and reception rate of 98.79%. The maximum fish school information transmission and reception rate was 97.26%.

In this study, the quality safety limit period of seven types of bakery bread was analyzed, and their use-by date was calculated. For evaluating product quality, storage conditions were set as 5, 15, 25, and 35oC for 50 days, and moisture, microorganisms, sensory characteristics, and dominant bacteria were examined. The quality and safety standards followed the Korea Food Code and Korean industrial standards (KS). The results showed that all products stored at 5oC satisfied the standard for bacterial count for day 50, but the sensory quality was below the standard level. Samples stored at 15oC showed high variability from 3–39 days. At 25oC, a quality safety limit period of 2–20 days was set, and one sample was found to have the same shelf life. Bread stored at 35 °C had the shortest quality safety limit period. Considering a safety factor of 0.87, a use-by date period of 1.7–13.1 days was calculated. Therefore, setting the use-by date according to the product type is necessary, even for the same product category. Among the bread products sold in bakeries, those managed as room temperature products (1–35oC) can be distributed and stored in a temperature range of up to 35oC. Overall, this study demonstrates the importance of setting a quality retention period based on the product characteristics and carefully considering the safety factor.

Gas turbine engines are widely used as prime movers of generator and propulsion system in warships. This study addresses the problem of designing a DS-based PID controller for speed control of the LM-2500 gas turbine engine used for propulsion in warships. To this end, we first derive a dynamic model of the LM-2500 using actual sea trail data. Next, the PRC (process reaction curve) method is used to approximate the first-order plus time delay (FOPTD) model, and the DS-based PID controller design technique is proposed according to approximation of the time delay term. The proposed controller conducts set-point tracking simulation using MATLAB (2016b), and evaluates and compares the performance index with the existing control methods. As a result of simulation at each operating point, the proposed controller showed the smallest in , which means that the rpm does not change rapidly. In addition, IAE and IAC were also the smallest, showing the best result in error performance and controller effort.

Fish samples were collected by a set net from April to December 2020 at the coastal waters off Tongyeong, Korea to determine fish species composition and seasonal variation. A total of 330,675 fish (1,032,578 g) representing 56 species belonging to 39 families were collected during the sampling period. The dominant species were Engraulis japonicus, Trachurus japonicus and Trichiurus japonicus, which accounted for 98.1% of the total number of individuals and 87.5% of the total biomass collected. E. japonicus and Chelidonichthys spinosus appeared every month off the coast of the Tongyeong. Cluster analysis based on the number of individuals of fish were classified into two groups at the dissimilarity level of 57%, and the results of ANOSIM analysis revealed significant differences in community structure among the two groups

DEA(data envelopment analysis) is a technique for evaluation of relative efficiency of decision making units (DMUs) that have multiple input and output. A DEA model measures the efficiency of a DMU by the relative position of the DMU’s input and output in the production possibility set defined by the input and output of the DMUs being compared. In this paper, we proposed several DEA models measuring the multi-period efficiency of a DMU. First, we defined the input and output data that make a production possibility set as the spanning set. We proposed several spanning sets containing input and output of entire periods for measuring the multi-period efficiency of a DMU. We defined the production possibility sets with the proposed spanning sets and gave DEA models under the production possibility sets. Some models measure the efficiency score of each period of a DMU and others measure the integrated efficiency score of the DMU over the entire period. For the test, we applied the models to the sample data set from a long term university student training project. The results show that the suggested models may have the better discrimination power than CCR based results while the ranking of DMUs is not different.

This study calculated the on-site measurement (Tier 4) of greenhouse gases emitted during the production stage of major fishing periods that utilize set nets and bamboo weir fishing boats. In addition, using theoretically calculated results (Tier 1), the emission factor presented by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was comparatively analyzed. On average, carbon emissions for each operating period in the bamboo weir and set net were calculated to be 0.16 and 3.58 kg CO2 time -1 , respectively; and the measurement values (Tier 4) for each tool were about 4-17 times lower than their respective theoretical values (Tier 1). Significant differences were found based on engine performance. As port entry, port departure, and operating periods of the vessels show negligible variation with short distances, the operation of the vessel engine was considered as the main variable for carbon emissions in anchovy set net fishing.

본 연구는 관광행태의 종단연구를 통해 광한루원 관리방향 설정을 위한 기초자료를 얻기 위하여 수행되었으며, 2005년과 2018년 광한루원에서 설문조사한 내용을 비교분석하였다. 방문객의 인구통계학적 특성은 40대 이상의 연령층, 여성, 주부가 상대적으로 많았으며 지역적으로는 충청과 전북 지역의 방문객이 증가하였다. 목표시장의 세분화를 통해 인구통계학적 특성의 변화를 반영하는 관광상품 개발 및 마케팅 전략을 수립해야 할 것이다. 확실한 관광 목적지로서 의 광한루원 위상은 높으므로 다양한 관광요소의 질적 향상을 위한 관리전략의 수립이 뒤따라야 할 것이다. 또한 광한루 주변 관광자원의 개발과 함께 연계이용 교통수단의 운영으로 관광지 간 접근성 증진을 도모해야 한다. 숙박률 향상을 위해 야간 관광지로서의 포지셔닝 전략을 수립하고 숙박 관광객을 유인할 수 있는 숙박시설과 프로그램이 필요하다. 새로운 관광트렌드 에 부응하기 위해서는 먹거리 상품의 다양화와 함께 지자체의 적극적인 지역음식 개발 및 홍보가 이루어져야 한다. 전체 및 남원 관광일정의 변화, 비숙박 비율의 증가에 대응하여 광한루원의 행태적 장 조절과 남원의 독특한 역사문화자원을 활용한 연계 프로그램을 운영하는 생태심리학적 해결책이 필요하다. 특히, 남원 소재 관광지간 낮은 연계이용 비율은 광한루원의 상대적으로 높은 관광 중심성과 함께 매력도가 높은 새로운 관광지가 부족하기 때문이다. 이를 극복하기 위해서는 테마의 동질성, 용이한 접근성을 바탕으로 춘향테마파크 중심의 남원관광단지와 적극적인 연계전략을 수립해야 할 것이다. 전체 관광경로 분석 결과, 단일목적 관광지로서 남원의 위상은 약화되고 연계관광지로서의 역할은 증대되었다. 따라서 인접 지자체와 광역관광 네트워크 전략을 수립하여 지역적 관광매력도를 제고하는 관광지 관리정책도 필요하다고 판단된다.

Species composition and variation of catches in the coastal waters of Sinsan of Jeju Island were determined using samples collected by a set net from May 2014 to October 2015. During the survey period, a total of 55 species (51 species, 35 families and 11 orders in fishes, 4 species, 2 families and 2 orders in cephalopods) were occurred, and Perciformes (28 species) were dominant fishes in this area. In the number of individuals and biomass, the small pelagic fishes such as Trachurus japonicus and Scomber japonicus were occurred abundantly, and both species accounted for 95.9% of the total catch by a fishing logbook of a set net. In the results of length-frequency distribution of small pelagic fishes caught by a set net in Sinsan, T. japonicus showed a range from 3.5-19.1 cm (average 8.8 cm) and S. japonicus showed a range from 7.0-25.6 cm (average 16.8 cm). In addition, these were mostly immature fishes.