In this study, we compare and analyze stress and vertical deflectional displacement according to cross sectional shape changes of the beam using finite element analysis. The 11,000mm long horizontal beam showed stress differences depending on the cross-sectional variation, with stress differences of up to 200MPa and at least 149MPa. The deflection at the end of the beam also differed by up to 586 mm and at least 208mm. The weight change applied according to the cross-sectional shape of the steel horizontal beam was up to 235kgf, at least 144kgf, and showed the best stress and deflection characteristics in the cross sectional shape with a weight of 185kgf. This allowed us to improve structural safety through sectional shape optimization despite the weight increase.

본 연구에서는 H-Beam 부재에 TRM(Total Reinforced Member)공법의 적용을 통한 부재의 구조성능개선에 대하여 분석하였다. TRM공법은 가교의 성능개선을 위해 적용되는 여러 공법 중 프리스트레스 도입을 통해서 H-Beam 부재의 구조성능을 개선하는 공법이다. 우선 본 연구에서는 해석적인 시뮬레이션을 통해서 TRM공법의 적용 가능성을 확인하였다. 1차적으로 수치 해석을 통해서 프리스트레스 도입을 위한 선행하중을 결정하고, 순수 H-Beam 부재와 L형 강재가 용접된 부재 그리고 TRM공법이 적용된 3가지의 부재에 대한 구조성능 변화를 해석을 통해서 확인하였다. 그리고 해석적인 결과의 검증 및 공법의 현장적용 가능성을 평가하기 위하여 순수 H-Beam 부재와 TRM공법이 적용된 2가지의 부재에 대한 3점 굽힘 시험을 수행하였다. 실험을 통하여 TRM공법이 적용된 부재에서 순수 H-Beam 부재대비 하부 플랜지의 발생응력 및 최대처짐이 각각 20.60%, 16.87% 감소 하는 결과를 확인하였다.

1. 세계 참깨 교역구조를 살펴보면, 전체 교역량이 증가하고 있는 상황에서, 수출국 중 에티오피아, 나이지리아, 부르키나파소, 탄자니아 등 아프리카 국가의 비중이 높아진 반면 중국, 미얀마 등의 비중은 큰 폭으로 하락하였다. 수입국 중 중국이 40% 이상의 수입시장 점유율을 차지하면서 주요 수출국에서 수입국으로 전락하였다. 2. 이러한 가운데 우리나라의 경우 국내 생산량이 감소하여 자급률이 하락하면서 최근 전체 소비량의 80% 이상을 수입에 의존하고 있으며, 여전히 중국으로부터의 수입 의존도가 매우 높다. 3. 장기적으로 세계 참깨 교역구조가 재편되면서 한국의 참깨 수입선도 다변화되고, 세계 수요 증가로 수입가격 상승의 영향을 받을 것으로 예상된다. 또한 수입 증가로 인해 TRQ 제도의 실효성, 국내 참깨산업의 위기 등의 문제가 동시에 제기될 수 있다.

전통적인 아케이드게임 강국이라 불리던 미국이 중국과 일본을 중심으로 발전하고 있는 VR 테 마파크산업 발전에 대항하여 VR 기술의 도입을 적극적으로 추진하고 있다. 한 때 PC방 문화를 이끌면서 온라인 게임강국이란 이름으로 불리던 우리나라 게임업계와 테마파크업계도 에버랜드나 롯데월드와 같은 기존의 대형 놀이공원에 VR 기술을 도입하는 수준이었으나, 최근 송도, 이태원, 홍대, 동대문 등의 시내에 도심형 테마파크들을 속속 개장하면서 VR 테마파크 산업을 새로운 VR 산업의 핵심 분야로 발전시키고 있다. VR 테마파크산업이 발전하기 위해서는 VR 관련 하드웨어나 소프트웨어를 개발하는 민간기업 뿐만 아니라 정부의 지원 대책도 필요하며, 사용자들이 VR 콘텐츠를 체험하는 과정에서 발생 가능한 다양한 문제점들을 극복할 수 있는 대책이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는, 정부의 강력한 지원과 대규모 잠재고객의 확보로 전 세계 VR 테마파크 시장을 선점하고 있는 중국의 VR 테마파크산업과 롤러코스터와 아케이드로 활황을 누렸던 과거의 테마 파크산업을 다시 부흥시키기 위해 VR 기술을 도입하여 VR 테마파크산업을 발전시키려는 미국의 테마파크산업과 비교와 분석을 통해 한국 VR 테마파크산업이 가져야 할 경쟁력 강화 방안을 도출해 보고자 한다.

The study analyzed the current status of fisheries port market and presented the direction of developments. The fisheries port market has become increasingly widespread due to the aging of the facilities and the scale of the fish product trade, and the number of distribution workers has also increased. The problems of fisheries port market are as follows. First, the transaction structure was changed as the proportion of aquaculture products increased. Second, the trading structure has changed, but it has failed to keep pace with the changes in the production structure. Third, the volume and amount of fish traded in aquaculture products and fish stocks increased. As a result, the growth rate of the fisheries port market is decreasing and profitability is deteriorating. The development direction of the fisheries port market is as follows. First, it is necessary to standardize the fisheries port market facilities, according to the type of fish products. Second, it needs to diversify its trade targets such as processed fish products and imported fish products. Third, it is necessary to diversify the business of the fisheries port market in order to increase profitability.

In the present study, the structural and fatigue analysis on the shape change of an automatic press are investigated for prediction of operation safety and reliability of the automatic press along the thickness(t) and length(L) of head, and corner shapes(case 1, 2, 3). The equivalent stress and deformation characteristics of the automatic press were studied by computerized analysis method for the bushing production of the seat frame. An external stress of 14.0 MPa was applied to predict the operation stability and the fatigue limit of the structure. As the thickness of the header increased and the length of the header decreased, the load stability applied by the piston improved and the maximum stress and deformation were reduced. In addition, due to the change in shape of the corners, the load applied at the cross-sectional area of the corners decreases, and then the maximum stress and deformation appearing in the header are reduced. That is, the change of corner shapes affects the equivalent stress and deformation. That is the change of corner shapes affects the equivalent stress and deformation. From the fatigue and vibration analysis, fatigue failure does not occur even when the number of alternating operation of the automatic press increases, and the natural frequency is predicted for dynamic characteristics.

The technique of VR and AR utilizing HMD and peripherals was due to launch the products in which the research developers predicting the market magnification satisfy the request of the users in 2016. In the suddenly change game market, because of reflecting global technique and standardization trend, the white paper on Korean games and ICT standardization roadmap published for the development of Korea game industry are important in the decision procedure of the prediction of the game industry and game marketing and technology development and standardization support policy related to the game. In this paper, I analyze the present condition of Korean game industry through published white paper on Korean games and ICT standardization roadmap since 2012 by the year 2016 and suggested the competitiveness strengthening measure of Korean game industry required for the pathfinding of the global game market.

The purpose of this study is to research into which characteristic is shown according to a change in filler metal in case of CO2 gas arc welding by using Automobile Structural Steel(ATOS80). The major characteristics of this study were experimented by having Bevel angle as 50°, Root gap as 3mm, Filler metal as Solid wire & Flux wire, and the projected length of wire as 15mm. This study made the welded test specimens for the KS specification in advance suitably for the conditions, thereby having comparatively analyzed with the data value that was obtained through tensile test, hardness test, impact test and Macro Structure Detecting. Arranging the results that analyzed finally, the tensile strength and the hardness appeared to be excellent in case of welding with flux wire. The impact strength was indicated to be superior in case of welding with solid wire.

Market potential for a line of retail trade within a geographic market has been defined as the difference between (i) actual sales of the line of trade in the geographic market and (ii) potential sales based on the marketing environment, current retailers’ marketing efforts, and competition from related lines of trade and nearby geographic markets (Ingene and Takahashi 2012). In this current research we examine the rate of change of retail market potential in Japan over a sixteen year span (1991-2007).We theoretically address, and empirically estimate, key factors that affect the rate of change of retail sales per household in four major lines of retail trade: frequently purchased consumables (food and drink), less frequently bought non-durables (apparel, shoes and dry goods), and infrequently acquired durable goods that range from moderately costly (furniture) to truly expensive (autos). Information on these lines is drawn from the Japanese Retail Trade Censuses of 1991 and 2007 at the Industrial Classification (IC) level. We examine Dry Goods, Apparel and Accessory stores (largely clothing, shoe, linen and accessories (IC 56; Share of retail trade in 2007: 8%)); Food and Beverage stores (primarily grocery, liquor, and specialty food stores (IC 57; Share of retail trade: 30%)); Furniture, Household Utensils, and Appliances (IC 59; Share of retail trade: 9%); and Motor Vehicles and Bicycle stores (IC 58; Share of retail trade: 12%). Note that because our measure is sales, autos dominate in the IC 58 category. These four lines of trade collectively comprise about 60% (1991: 62%, 2007: 58%) of all retail sales. We previously explored determinants of the absolute value of retail sales per household in these lines of retail trade (Ingene and Takahashi 2013). However, this research deals with the rate of change of retail sales per household. Thus, we explain differences in change of retail market potential among 528 Japanese cities, in all 47 prefectures, that are home to over 75% of Japan’s people. According to our previous study (Ingene and Takahashi 2013), retail sales are determined by three fundamental factors: the Market Environment (which is beyond the control of retail managers), Intertype Competition (which is influenced, but not controlled, by managers in the line of trade), and the Marketing Mix in each line of trade (which is set by managers). The essence of our argument is that the Market Environment determines a base level of rate of change in sales per household. Intertype Competition takes sales away from the focal lines of trade. Finally, the Marketing Mix in each line of trade augments sales (a) by appealing to customers and (b) by countering the negative impact of Intertype Competition.Turning to our empirical model (Figure 1), we include seven variables in the Market Environment that are measured by their rate of change between 1991 and 2007: per capita income, home size in square meters (a proxy for household wealth), population growth, daytime population relative to residential population, auto ownership per capita (a proxy for mobility), distance to the prefecture’s capital city (a proxy for out-shopping), and newspapers per capita. We expect each of these independent variables to increase our dependent variable: retail sales per household.For the Marketing Mix we measure three variables in terms of their rate of change in the same time period: average square meters of selling space per store (a proxy for assortment), employees per square meter of selling space (a proxy for service), and number of stores per 1000 people (a proxy for locational convenience); each of them should increase retail sales per household in its line of trade, but not in other lines (e.g., the marketing mix for Food stores should only affect food sales per household).For Intertype Competition we use General Merchandise Stores (largely department stores and supercenters (IC55; Share of retail trade in 2007: 12%)) that, in Japan, directly compete with Clothing, Furniture and Food stores. We focus on the same three variables (assortment, service, and access); they are expected to be inversely related to the rate of change in sales per household in the lines with which they compete. There is no intertype competition in our Motor Vehicle regressions. In the first stage of our analysis we use the change of the Market Environment to explain the variation in the rate of change in retail sales per household and four lines of trade (i.e., four regressions). The Market Environment generates adjusted R2’s of 2% (Clothing) to 25% (Autos).In our second-stage analysis our dependent variable is the residuals from the first-stage regressions. Here we include the Marketing Mix and Intertype Competition variables as explanatory; they account for 2% (Autos) to 43% (Clothing) of the variation in the first-stage residuals. Taking the two stages together, we are able to explain26% (Autos) to 54% (Food) of the variation in retail sales per capita across the four lines of trade. We make four contributions with our empirical research. First, we investigate data from two censuses that span a sixteen year period; few previous studies have examined changes in retail structure over time (e.g., Hall, et al. 1961). Second, we demonstrate the time-variant stability of the Marketing Mix variables. Third, we show the importance of intertype competition – although in our data it appears that only the Food and Beverage category experiences significant intertype competition. Fourth, we examine retailing in Japan; the world’s third largest economy has rarely been the focus of retail trade studies.

A test was conducted using two high density discharge lamps, the H2D and the structurally new H4D. They were tested for luminous illumination and luminous temperature in the day and night time. The test was conducted without crippling the performance of the H2D by adding a magnetic actuator, enabling it to move left to right, and up and down. By making these modifications we constructed a sample of the H4D. We compared the H2D and the H4D sample's luminous illumination and luminous temperature by using a photometer and a digital thermometer in the day and night time. We discovered that the H2D and H4D performed similarly from the data we gathered. Now we know the H4D has potential use and extensive research needs to be made to gather more detailed data.

지구/행성 내부의 다양한 지질학적 과정을 이해하기 위해서는 고온-고압 환경에서 지구 내부 구성 물질의 특성을 이해하는 것이 필수적이다. 이러한 고압환경을 생성하기 위하여 사용되는 멀티 앤빌 프레스 (multi-anvil press)는 주로 상부맨틀조건의 극한 상황을 재현하는데 사용된다. 멀티 엔빌프레스의 지질학적 사 용을 위한 필수 보정 과정 중 하나는 압력을 생성하기 위한 프레스의 유압과 실제로 시료에 가해지는 압력 사이의 관계인 압력-부하 보정(pressure-load calibration)이다. 압력-부하 보정은 일반적으로 고온-고압 조건에 서는 결정질 물질의 상전이를 이용해서 이루어지는데, 고온에서의 경우와 달리 저온(상온)의 경우 상전이 과 정이 상대적으로 비효율적이므로 압력-부하 보정의 다른 방법론이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 파이로프 조성 (Mg3Al2Si3O12)의 비정질(비정질 파이로프)의 상온에서의 압축(cold compression)에 따라 발생하는 영구적인 고 밀도화 현상(permanent densification)과 그 기원이 되는 알루미늄 배위 환경의 변화를 고해상도의 27Al MAS 및 3QMAS NMR 분광분석을 통해 정량화하고, 이로부터 압력에 따른 알루미늄의 배위수 변화를 이용해 14/ 8 HT 조립세트(assembly set)와 1,100톤 멀티 앤빌 프레스에 대한 상온에서의 압력-부하 보정을 수행하였다. 본 연구는 NMR분광분석을 이용하여 압력보정을 수행한 최초의 연구결과이며, 비정질 파이로프의 압축-감압에 따른 원자 단위에서의 비가역적 구조 변화는 섭입대 환경과 같은 저온 고압 환경에서 비정질 물질이 겪는 변 화와 그에 따른 지질학적 현상의 이해고양에 실마리를 제공한다.

In this study, four reinforced concrete beams, replacing recycled coarse aggregate with PVA fiber(BSPG-R series), were constructed and tested under monotonic loading. Experimental programs were carried out to improve and evaluate the structural performance of such test specimens, such as the load-displacement, the failure mode and the maximum load carrying capacity. all the specimens were modeled in 1/2 scale-down size.

The surface meteorological and upper layer meteorological observation carried out to investigate influences of sea breeze effect on lower layer atmosphere at Gori nuclear power plant for 29∼30 July, 1996. According to surface meteorological data, the inflow of sea breeze was occurred 11:30 on 29 July, 10:30 on 30 July, respectively at observation site. And the meteorological tower data showed that wind direction of sea breeze was identified as south-westerly, and wind speed of 58 m was 2 times stronger than that of 10 m. It is notworthy that surface inversion layer which built from the night time to daybreak of next day was not broken off by seab reeze`s inflow for daytime, and strong inversion layer observed at 47∼243 m with moderately stable class (F) by URC. It was found that strong stable layer of potential temperature appeared at that layer, maximum relative humidity observed at the bottom of inversion layer and maximum mixing ratio observed in the low of inversion layer.