본고는 에후드 보드너의 학문적 연구의 틀을 바탕으로 하여 T. S. 엘리 엇의 J. 알프레드 프루프록의 연가 (1915)와 W. B. 예이츠의 탑 (1928)에 투영된 노 화와 노화하는 자아를 재/조명한다. 노화에 대한 사회문화적 태도가 산업혁명 이전의 서구 사회에서 긍정적이었다면, 산업혁명 이후 개인주의 사회에서는 그 시각이 부정적 으로 변화된 양상을 보이는데, 이는 두 작품을 분석하는 데 중요한 맥락을 제공한다. 20세기 초 영문학과 노년학을 가로지르는 학제간 연구로서 이 글은 노화를 바라보는 산업혁명 이전과 이후 사이의 변화된 태도를 그 중심부에 위치시켜 엘리엇의 프루프 록 과 예이츠의 탑 에 대한 다시 읽기를 수행한다.

본 연구는 고등학교 지구과학교육에서 ChatGPT가 제공하는 과학적 응답의 타당성을 분석하고, 그 한계 및 향 후 과제 탐색을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 15명의 지구과학 예비교사가 2015 개정 교육과정을 기반으로 지구과학 I과 지구과학 II의 내용을 바탕으로 총 600개의 질문-이유-확신도(Q-R-C) 프롬프트 구조의 문답을 생성하였다. 본 연구는 문서 분석(document analysis) 방법을 적용하여 ChatGPT의 응답을 과학적 타당성, 설명적 명확성, 교육적 적합성의 기 준으로 독립적으로 평가하였다. 분석 결과, ChatGPT의 응답 중 85% (N=510)는 과학적으로 타당했으며, 81.2% (N=487)는 설명적 명확성을 충족하였고, 78.7% (N=472)는 지구과학 교육과정에 부합하는 내용을 포함하고 있는 것으 로 나타났다. 반면, ChatGPT 응답의 한계로는 개념적 일관성 부족, 추론 기반 응답의 오류 가능성, 응답 수준의 불균형, 지역별 특이성 미반영이 확인되었다. 이는 ChatGPT가 개념 학습을 지원하는 교육적 도구로 활용될 가능성을 시사하지 만, 향후 효과적인 교수 전략을 통해 교사의 지도와 비판적 사고를 촉진하는 과정이 필수적임을 보여준다. 본 연구는 생성형 AI (Gen AI) 기반 도구가 지구과학교육에서 효과적으로 적용될 수 있는 방안을 탐색하며, 향후 교수·학습 설계 에서 고려해야 할 시사점을 제공한다.

The 2020 revision of Japan's Wholesale Market Act aimed to improve the financial performance of wholesale companies. Before the revision, the wholesale market saw a continuous decline in transaction volume and value, and the operating profit margin of wholesale companies was 0.18% in 2018, with 38.2% of wholesale companies experiencing operating losses. After the revision of the Wholesale Market Act, the operating profit margin of wholesale companies significantly improved to 0.41% by 2022. The reasons for this improvement are as follows: The transaction amount and the rate of change between 2022 and 2018 showed little difference. The number of markets increased by one central wholesale market, and while the number of buying and selling participants decreased, individual purchase volumes increased. The proportion of auctions further declined, and the number of direct transactions rose. As consignment collection decreased, purchased collection increased, leading to an improvement in financial performance. Ultimately, despite the short time frame, the revision of Japan's Wholesale Market Act led to positive changes that improved the financial performance of wholesale companies.

이 논문은 남한지역을 대상으로 전기청동기시대의 주거와 환호, 청동기 부장 분묘, 대형 주구묘와 군집묘의 형성, 청동기 소유 주거, 환구 취락의 조성과 운영 등에 주목하여 당시의 사회구조에 대해서 검토한 글이다. 주거공간에서 확인되는 주거 간의 차별화는 취락을 이끄는 지도자 또는 유력자 및 그 의 가족들과 나머지 취락 구성원 간의 차이를 반영하는 것으로 파악하였다. 내환호와 외환호를 경계 로 배치된 대형 주거와 소형 주거의 분포 양상을 갖는 환호취락의 사례가 이를 잘 보여준다. 청동기를 소유한 주거의 존재와 청동 무기를 부장한 분묘의 등장은 요동지역 비파형동검문화와 관련된 것으로 긴장, 갈등, 대립 관계의 산물이면서 당시 사회의 계층분화적, 무장적 성격을 반영한다. 신성한 의례 공간인 환구, 그리고 이와 관련한 대형 가옥의 배치 양상은 엘리트 제사장의 존재를 추정할 수 있는 근거로 볼 수 있다. 이를 통해서 볼 때 전기청동기시대의 사회구조는 상위계층과 일반계층으로 구성 된 것으로 추정된다. 상위계층은 취락의 지도자(권위자)이면서 제사장의 성격을 가지는데, 이 상위계 층의 지위는 한시적인 성취 지위에 해당한다. 남한지역의 전기청동기 사회는 복합사회로 향해가는 긴 여정에서 중요한 기폭제가 되는 시기로 볼 수 있다. 이전 시기에 보이지 않았던 환호와 환구, 분묘와 청동기의 등장과 발전 양상은 전기청동기시대가 사회복합도가 증가한 서열사회에 해당한다는 것을 말 해준다.

Silk fibroin (SF) from silkworms has special qualities, and these qualities have drawn a lot of interest lately in SF-based hydrogels for a range of biological applications. However, because there is a dearth of naïve silk materials to collect and prepare, research on the SF-based hydrogels isolated from spider silks has been rather limited. Thus, this study compared the microstructural properties of silk fibroin (SF) hydrogel scaffold, which was taken from the cocoon of the insect silkworm Bombyx mori, with those of hydrogel scaffolds derived from two types of woven silk glands in the orb-web spider Trichonephila clavata: the major ampullate gland (MAG) and the tubuliform gland (TG). The SF hydrogel, which is stabilized by connected SF fibers, has a loose top structure, high porosity, and translucency, according to our FESEM investigation. While the TG hydrogel showed greater porosity, ridge-like or wall-like structures, and stable biocapacity generated by physical cross-linking, the MAG hydrogel showed even higher porosity, elongated fibrous structures, and superior mechanical properties. It is anticipated that the unique microstructural properties of MAG and TG hydrogels will be advantageous when choosing customized substrates to support particular cell types for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.

This study investigates the phenomenon of task specialization in subterranean termites, focusing on their tunneling behavior. Termites, known for their complex social structure, allocate specific individuals for tunnel construction, rarely switching tasks. To explore this behavior, we developed a simulation model comparing termite groups with and without task shifts. While tunnel orientation showed no significant difference between the two tunnel pattern groups, the absence of task shifts resulted in larger tunnels, indicating enhanced foraging efficiency. This suggests that maintaining a consistent division of labor without task rotation benefits termite foraging. This study sheds light on the ecological advantages of task specialization in social insects, highlighting its role in foraging success and colony survival.

In order to present a predictive drift model, Jeju National University's training ship was tested for about 11 hours and 40 minutes, and 81 samples that selected one of the entire samples at ten-minute intervals were subjected to regression analysis after verifying outliers and influence points. In the outlier and influence point analysis, although there is a part where the wind direction exceeds 1 in the DFBETAS (difference in Betas) value, the CV (cumulative variable) value is 6%, close to 1. Therefore, it was judged that there would be no problem in conducting multiple regression analyses on samples. The standard regression coefficient showed how much current and wind affect the dependent variable. It showed that current speed and direction were the most important variables for drift speed and direction, with values of 47.1% and 58.1%, respectively. The analysis showed that the statistical values indicated the fit of the model at the significance level of 0.05 for multiple regression analysis. The multiple correlation coefficients indicating the degree of influence on the dependent variable were 83.2% and 89.0%, respectively. The determination of coefficients were 69.3% and 79.3%, and the adjusted determination of coefficients were 67.6% and 78.3%, respectively. In this study, a more quantitative prediction model will be presented because it is performed after identifying outliers and influence points of sample data before multiple regression analysis. Therefore, many studies will be active in the future by combining them.

After the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement (UNFSA) came into effect, international cooperation through Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs) was required, and each RFMO established and adopted the Conservation and Management Measure (CMM) for the regional Observer Programs to collect data on fishing activities and biological information and to monitor compliance with its CMMs. The observer coverage required by RFMO is set differently for each organization, ranging from 5% to 100%. In addition, tuna-RFMOs recommend increasing observer coverage in longline fisheries by at least 20% for reliable quantitative analysis of not only target species but also bycatch species and ecologically related species such as sharks, seabirds, sea turtles, and marine mammals. Therefore, in this study, we discussed ways to improve the national observer programs of Korean distant water fisheries that should be addressed in the future to respond to the RFMO trends.

The towing distance, which is speed over the ground, and the water flow quantity, which is speed through the water, were used when estimating the amount of Metapenaeus joyneri resources that rose to the surface at night using the swept area method in order to compare and analyze the difference. It was conducted using a shrimp dredge, trial fishing gear for catching Metapenaeus joyneri. Catch during the entire survey period was 188.9 kg. Monthly catch ranged from 3.1 to 109.2 kg, highest in June and lowest in September. The swept volume calculated using the speed over the ground was about 13% higher than using the speed through the water. Metapenaeus joyneri resources estimated using the towing distance ranged from 320.1 to 14,649.8 kg. Resources estimated using the water flow quantity ranged from 278.5 to 12,886.3 kg. Therefore, the amount of Metapenaeus joyneri resources estimated using the speed over the ground was about 14% higher than the method using the speed through the water, indicating that the amount of resources was overestimated.

최근 기후변화에 따라 아열대 작물 재배가 증가하면서 경남지역 망고 재배면적도 크게 증가하고 있다. 하지만 망고에 발생하는 병해충 발생 정보가 부족하여 2022년부터 현재까지 경남지역에 있는 망고농장을 조사하였으 며, 그 결과 병해 6종, 해충 8종 발생을 확인하였다. 특히 경남지역 망고 포장에서 꽃노랑총채벌레, 대만총채벌레, 볼록총채벌레 등의 발생을 확인하였고, 통영, 함안, 밀양 등에서 총채벌레류에 의한 피해가 발생하였다. 많은 농가에서 총채벌레류 방제를 위해 화학농약에 의존하고 있으나 총채벌레는 반복적인 약제 노출시 빠른 세대 진전으로 인해 저항성 발달이 쉽기때문에 방제에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하고자 색상별 끈끈이 트랩의 총채벌레류 유인효과를 확인하였으며, 꽃노랑총채벌레는 노랑, 주황, 연두, 대만총채벌레는 빨강, 노랑, 파랑, 볼록총채벌레는 파랑, 노랑, 빨강 순으로 유인효과가 높은 것을 확인하였다.

Structural cuticular proteins (CPs) and the liner polysaccharide, chitin, are the primary components of insect cuticle or exoskeleton. A large number of insect CP family proteins are divided into several distinct subfamilies defined by the presence of specific amino acid sequence motifs. One of these subfamilies is composed of Cuticular Protein Analogous to Peritrophins (CPAPs), containing one (CPAP1s) or three (CPAP3s) type-2 chitin-binding domains. In this study, we report a novel function of TcCPAP1-C from Tribolium castaneum in movement of legs. RNAi for TcCPAP1-C at larval stage has no effect on insect molting, growth and development. However, the resulting adults exhibit impaired leg movement, in which internal tendon cuticles are ruptured near the femur-tibia joint. The exoskeletal cuticle, hemiadherens junctions, microtubule array, myotendinous junctions and muscle fibers exhibit normal morphology before the tendon breakage. These results indicate functional specialization of TcCPAP1-C in structural integrity of the internal tendon cuticle, and loss of function of TcCPAP1-C caused breakage of the tendon cuticle, resulting in defective limb movement and locomotion.

From an evolutionary perspective, it is speculated that termites have evolved to construct tunnels in a manner that optimizes search and transport efficiency. While numerous studies have focused on search efficiency, there has been limited research on transport efficiency due to the challenges associated with direct field observations. To address this challenge, we developed an individual-based model to simulate the transport process. Using the model, we examine the effects of several key variables on transport efficiency, Based on our results, we discuss potential strategies that termites might employ to optimize transport efficiency. In addition, we briefly discuss ways to improve the realism of the model.

The choice of suitable companion plants is crucial for enhancing pest management strategies in agricultural fields. Riptortus pedestris, an important agricultural pest, has drawn attention for its serious damage on soybean. To identify an ideal companion plant for soybean, we investigated the pest’s behavioral patterns when exposed to corn seedlings in laboratory. Series of choice experiments were conducted for 4th instar nymphs and unmated female adults of R. pedestris when presented with corn and/or soybean pot against soybean or blank pot. In 4th instar nymphs, 56% preferred the treatment of corn pot plus soybean pot over soybean alone pot while 69% of unmated female adults preferred the same combination. These findings provide valuable insights into the behavior of this insect pest, which could be beneficial for establishing polycultures in agricultural fields.

In this study, the second-order Nomoto’s nonlinear expansion model was implemented as a Tagaki-Sugeno fuzzy model based on the heading angular velocity to design the automatic steering system of a ship considering nonlinear elements. A Tagaki-Sugeno fuzzy PID controller was designed using the applied fuzzy membership functions from the Tagaki-Sugeno fuzzy model. The linear models and fuzzy membership functions of each operating point of a given nonlinear expansion model were simultaneously tuned using a genetic algorithm. It was confirmed that the implemented Tagaki-Sugeno fuzzy model could accurately describe the given nonlinear expansion model through the Zig-Zag experiment. The optimal parameters of the sub-PID controller for each operating point of the Tagaki-Sugeno fuzzy model were searched using a genetic algorithm. The evaluation function for searching the optimal parameters considered the route extension due to course deviation and the resistance component of the ship by steering. By adding a penalty function to the evaluation function, the performance of the automatic steering system of the ship could be evaluated to track the set course without overshooting when changing the course. It was confirmed that the sub-PID controller for each operating point followed the set course to minimize the evaluation function without overshoot when changing the course. The outputs of the tuned sub-PID controllers were combined in a weighted average method using the membership functions of the Tagaki-Sugeno fuzzy model. The proposed Tagaki-Sugeno fuzzy PID controller was applied to the second-order Nomoto’s nonlinear expansion model. As a result of examining the transient response characteristics for the set course change, it was confirmed that the set course tracking was satisfactorily performed.

T.S. 엘리엇은 전혀 새로운 시인으로서 20세기 영미시에서 우리가 전혀 본적이 없는 시를 쓴 시인이다. 그러나, 그는 유럽, 특히 프랑스 시의 전통에 확고한 뿌리를 둔 시인이다. 반면, W.B. 예이츠는 자신이 상징이라고 정의한 시의 특성을 추구한 시인으로 영시나 아일랜드 시에서 금세기에서 조차 어떤 시인도 그를 능가하지 못하고 있다. 이 글은 엘리엇에 영향을 준 프랑스 시인에 대해 이야기 한다. 엘리엇은 프랑스의 새로운 시인들과 접촉하게 되어 독특한 시를 쓰게 된 것은 명확한 것 같다. 엘리엇은 시인 코르비에르에게서 프랑스 시인들이 무시하고 가치를 보지 못한, 프랑스 시의 전혀 새로운 면을 볼 수 있었다. 이 글은 구하의 책에서 프랑스 시의 영향을 다룬다. 특히 트리스탄 코르비에르의 엘리엇에 대한 영향을 논하다. 코르비에르는 당시 프랑스에서 전혀 관심을 끌지 못한 무명시인이었다. 엘리엇은 이 시인에게서 새로운 것을 발견할 수 있었고 그것을 자신의 시에 잘 사용하였다. 구하는 이점을 다룬다. 반면 예이츠는 불어시를 읽을 수 없었고 프랑스 시에 큰 영향을 받지 않은 것 같다. 예이츠는 그의 산문에서 엘리엇의 새로움과 위대함을 지적한다.

도와 일본의 미학은 예술적 적합성에서 유사한 미적 보편성을 나타내며 표현 방식이 다를 뿐이다. 인도와 일본 미학의 예술적 목적은 덕목, 즉 어둠에서 빛으로 나아가는 것이다. 예술의 미적 감상은 인도의 미학이 브라만의 직관적인 빛을 드러내는 동양의 텍스트적 행복에 초점을 맞춘다면, 일본의 미학은 공의 신비한 그림자를 찬미한다. 절대의식의 형태로 동양적 주체성을 이해하는 방식에 있어서, 브라만은 절대적인 통일성을 추구하는 반면, 공은 허무주의적이지 않으며 종종 오해되는 불합리한 생각도 아니다. 그것의 실현은 예술에 대한 인식에서 통일성, 연속성, 조화 및 마음 챙김을 발생한다. 동양적 관점은 형태와 무형태의 초월적 의식에 의해 한계를 지니는데, 이것은 아름다움을 찬미하고 지각하는 가운데 명상한다. 이 논문은 T.S. 엘리엇과 W.B. 예이츠의 시를 통해 그들의 예술이 어떻게 빛과 그림자의 미학을 드러내며 동양의 철학적 의미를 창의적으로 반영하는지, 그리고 그들의 시가 어떻게 초월적이고 세속적인 속성으로 열반에 도달하는지 탐구한다.

This study studied the characteristics of cultured oyster marketing in Sacheon Bay. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, the GULDAE aquaculture is a unique production method of Sacheon Bay. Second, oysters in Sacheon Bay were low in production, but the price was more than 70% higher than in other producing areas. Third, profit is 12.5% higher and rate of return was 179.8%. Fourth, there were more out-of-market sales than other than other producing areas, and it is a bidding method. Fifth, the marketing cost was higher than the longline hanging aquaculture; however, the advantage of price offseted this point. Although the Sacheon Bay Oyster aquaculture is small, it was confirmed that it was a producing area with high profitability and a unique marketing form from other regions. Although the Sacheon Bay Oyster culture is small, it has been confirmed that it is a producing area with high profitability and shows a unique distribution form.

This paper analyzed the price stabilization before and after the fisheries outlook project for seaweed, flatfish, and abalone. First, the stabilization effect was analyzed through the price variation coefficient before and after the observation project. In terms of the variation coefficient, there was no effect that the price was stabilized through the seaweed outlook project. However, it can be seen that flatfish and abalone have a price-stabilizing effect. Second, as a result of analyzing the price stabilization effect through the improved ARMA-T-GARCH model, it was confirmed that seaweed was not statistically significant while flatfish and abalone had a price stabilization effect by statistically significantly reducing volatility of real prices after the introduction of the fisheries outlook project. Third, as a result of analyzing the factors affecting price stability, it was found that the price of seaweed was stabilized after the WTO, but the Japanese earthquake expanded the price volatility. In the case of flatfish, it was analyzed that the price stabilized after the WTO and the Great Japanese Earthquake. Finally, the price of abalone has stabilized since the WTO and the Great Japanese Earthquake.