Assertions in current academic research and practical discourse that promote agility reduce the importance or prominence given to organizational strategic planning. While firms today are required to become agile and thus quickly and timely respond to emerging market challenges, the strategic planning process is perceived as rigid, slow, and somehow obsolete and may contradict agility. These present practitioners with a dilemma regarding the relevance of planning in this era. This study examines the pertinence of strategy planning in this agile age and its effect on firms’ business performance. In addition, since the environment in which firms operate play a significant role in determining strategies, when maintaining strategic planning, organizations need to consider internal and external factors that may change the effect of planning on performance. Hence, the study also explores market scanning (an external condition) and fault tolerance climate (an internal condition) under which the relationship planning-performance varies. Based on a quantitative research, data from organizations, and insights from fit-as-moderation approach, a conceptual model and research hypotheses are designed and tested. Common and acceptable analysis methods were employed to test the hypotheses. Initial findings indicate that strategy planning should not be deemphasized in contemporary days since it is associated with better financial (e.g., sales growth) and nonfinancial (e.g., new customer acquirement) outcomes. Additionally, performance consequences of planning are dependent on firm external and internal conditions. While the positive planning-performance relationship is associated with higher levels of market sensing, it is negatively associated with higher levels of fault tolerance. The findings have well-timed theoretical and practical implications for the business and strategy literature. Managers considering the necessity of planning strategies should recognize its relevance and take into account contingencies examined in this research.

Mushroom production in Korea is concentrated on five major mushroom types. To create a new source of income for farmers, it is necessary to establish new mushroom production and marketing systems. This study was conducted to evaluate the marketability of and establish a marketing strategy for Pleurotus nebrodensis variety 'Uram'. The evaluation of distributors showed that it was necessary to cultivate mushrooms of uniform shape and size, to compensate for their low storability, and to sell them in small packages. The consumer evaluation showed that the texture of P. nebrodensis had the highest level of satisfaction for quality, but the levels of satisfaction for size and shape were low. In the consumer evaluation, as in the distributor evaluation, improvements in cultivation were found to be necessary, as the storage time is short due to a high moisture content. An evaluation of the market gave the following results regarding the marketing strategy. It was found to be necessary to consider the production of mushrooms of a uniform shape and size and sell them in small packages in the range of 150 to 300 g. The price of the mushrooms should be set using a high-end strategy for high-end sales. The mushrooms should be introduced to local food and eco-friendly stores in the early stages of production. Subsequently, if farmhouse production increases, shipments should be made to wholesale markets through a regular contract. Finally, considering that P. nebrodensis is an unfamiliar mushroom to consumers, it is necessary to promote it by increasing the accessibility of consumers through tasting events and experience groups.

From the study of 5 informants using in depth interview, proactive marketing strategy is the key of success women-owned SMEs to struggle in covid-19 pandemic era. Utilize the digital technology is necessary to support effective marketing process.

Pamperpop is a new online platform based in Indonesia that connects beauty and personal care service providers to the end customers. The business idea was triggered by Zomato, an online platform for restaurant search and discovery service. There are some competitors in the market who provides services alike Pamperpop, but they are all new players who still building their customer base. This condition puts Pamperpop in a fierce competition and forces the company to be innovative in penetrating the market. Considering the nature of this business, there are two markets to be penetrated by the company. First market is the service providers who will become the tenant, and second market is the end customers who will become the user. Pamperpop has done some marketing activities to enter both markets; however the results were far from expectation. The acquisition rate did not meet target from management. Pamperpop really need to revisit their marketing strategy in order to stay competitive in the market. This article describes the analysis on the business issues faced by Pamperpop especially problems in the market penetration. Author identified the root issues by using Porter’s 5 Forces, Business Model Canvas, S-T-P analysis, and Marketing Mix. Authors found that management focus on the product development rather than identifying customer needs when building this business. This created some gaps in the marketing strategy to penetrate the market. The New Wave Marketing framework is chosen to formulate the new marketing strategy since it is suitable for technology and internet based business model that has horizontal communication in nature. The New Wave Marketing approach refines the existing business model to introduce clear positioning and strong differentiation in the market. The solution’s set aims to achieve Low Budget and High Impact marketing techniques with the combination of Above-The-Line and Below-The-Line approach.

Building on insights from institutional theory and dynamic capabilities, this study investigates the relationships of cross-functional capabilities with export marketing strategy implementation and, ultimately, its influence on export performance. This study utilizes multiple-informant and time-lagged primary data from 218 exporting firms in Nigeria to contribute to an understanding of how export marketing capabilities can be implemented to drive export performance. The results suggest contrasting moderating effects of psychic distance and competitive intensity on the cross-functional capabilities to export marketing strategy implementation relationship. This research contributes to the international business and marketing literature by advancing the knowledge on marketing capabilities and strategy implementation, and highlights managerial implications for international business.

The major paradox in research in marketing: Can the researcher construct models that capture firm heterogeneities and achieve accurate prediction of outcomes for individual cases that also are generalizable across all the cases in the sample? This study presents a way forward for solving the major paradox. The study identifies research advances in theory and analytics that contribute successfully to the primary need to fill to achieve scientific legitimacy: Configurations that include accurate description, explanation, and prediction (i.e., predicting outcomes accurately of cases in samples separate from the samples of cases used to construct models having high fit validity.) The solution here includes philosophical, theoretical, and operational shifts away from variable-based modeling and null hypothesis statistical testing (NHST) to case-based modeling and somewhat precise outcome testing (SPOT). The study here provides examples of research contributing to knowledge and theory that advance prediction and control in business-to-business contexts. Shifting beyond linear model construction and symmetric tests (i.e., multiple regression analysis (MRA) and structural equation modeling (SEM)) and embracing complexity theory and asymmetric tests (i.e., constructing and testing algorithms by “computing with words,” Zadeh, (1996, 2010)) includes taking necessary steps away from examining “net effects” of variables to useful screening modeling of case configurations. Researchers embracing this shift in marketing benefit from recognizing that the current dominant logic of performing null hypothesis testing (NHST via MRA and SEM) is “corrupt research” (Hubbard, 2015) and from recognizing that predicting by algorithms via somewhat precise outcome testing (SPOT) advances business-to-business research toward achieving scientific legitimacy.

Consumers who play a key role in the Marketing 3.0 era tend to prefer socially responsible firms to profit-seeking firms. Hence, when creating a vision statement or setting a goal, firms make an effort to project an image of someone who cares for human and societal values. When managing relationships with consumers, many firms actively engage in various societal marketing activities and try to elicit positive responses from consumers. An example of such an activity is cause-related marketing (CRM), “the process of formulating and implementing marketing activities that are characterized by an offer from the firm to contribute a specified amount to a designated cause when customers engage in revenue-providing exchanges that satisfy organizational and individual objectives” (as cited in Varadarajan & Menon, 1988, p. 60). CRM positively influences consumers’ attitudes and purchase behavior (Olsen, Pracejus, Brown, 2003; Pracejus & Olsen, 2004; Henderson & Arora, 2010), and has become a strategic tool for increasing firm value and improving financial performance in the long term (Dean, 2004). As a result, investment in CRM in the U.S. is rapidly increasing, with annual average growth of more than 12%. In Korea, CRM came into the spotlight after the mid-1990s. In China, a successful implementation by Nongfu Spring in 2006 attracted more interest and more investment in CRM. As firms worldwide increasingly employ CRM, researchers have become more interested in CRM as well. Most studies focused on finding factors that affect the effectiveness of CRM. However, most studies were conducted in the West, so the strategies or guidelines they offer are not directly applicable in other cultural contexts. A successful implementation of any marketing tool, including CRM, requires understanding its cultural context. Understanding culture is essential for effective marketing, for entering and growing in foreign markets (Steenkamp, 2001; Mueller, 2004). In this paper, we study the effect of CRM, taking into account cultural factors. We focus on Korea and China. We chose these two countries because they are both part of the larger Asian market, yet have different cultural characteristics. Our study thus extends prior research that was mainly conducted in the West. We examined Chinese consumer responses to CRM. CRM is not a common concept in China, but Chinese consumers demand that both national and foreign companies offer socially responsible products and services. Despite the recent slowdown, China is still a market with a big potential, attractive to multinational corporations. Hence, our study carries practical significance. This comparative study may be especially useful to Korean firms, as they show the highest rate of entering the Chinese market. We tackle several issues in this paper. First, we examined the responses of both Korean and Chinese consumers to CRM from a comparative perspective. Second, we analyzed the moderating effect of product type on consumer response to CRM. Product type has been treated—with contradictory results—as an important variable in previous research (Strahilevits & Myers, 1998; Burnett & Lunsford, 1994; Winterich & Barone, 2011). Our study provides more insight into those results, and suggests what the practical implications are for firms in the Korean and/or the Chinese market. Third, we explored the response of Chinese consumers to CRM by regional groups. The Chinese economic reform of the early 1990s allowed for many different lifestyles to emerge in China (Wei, 1997). There are regional differences also in economic, social, and cultural aspects, consumer characteristics, or consumer behavior (Schmitt, 1997; Cui & Liu, 2000; Sun & Wu, 2004). Rather than treating China as one single market, segmenting markets becomes a prerequisite for effective marketing in China. Building on results and insights from previous research and taking account of differential consumer responses, we found that there are regional differences in how Chinese consumers react to CRM.

This study set out to investigate consumers' attitudes toward pro-environment, and their actual purchasing behavior. It aimed to empirically examine the effects of the consumers' attitudes toward pro-environmental products, the importance of the product attributes and the perceived value of the companies' environmental activities, on their purchasing behavior of eco-friendly fashion products, including their satisfaction, trust, and repurchase intention. The questionnaires were administered on 304 married women with previous experience of buying eco-friendly fashion products. The results were as follows. First, the consumers' behavioral patterns in terms of environmental concerns and the purchasing of eco-friendly household items were significantly positive in relation to the purchasing behaviors of eco-friendly fashion products. Second, the importance of eco-friendly attributes was significantly positive in relation to the purchasing behaviors of eco-friendly fashion products. Third, the perceived value of corporate environmental activity was not related to the purchasing behaviors of eco-friendly fashion products. Finally, the purchasing behavior of eco-friendly fashion products was significantly positive in relation to the satisfaction with eco-friendly fashion products as well as the trust and repurchase intention, and satisfaction and trust positively affected the repurchase intention. The implication of the research and direction for future study were discussed.

The organizational learning concept is used to develop the skill base of employees and create knowledge that can be used to improve the capability of an organization. The objective of this paper is to explain how the process of organizational learning, which is underpinned and reinforced by a specific organizational value system, produces interactive communication that incorporates information sharing, teamwork, individual learning and fosters the development of knowledge which ultimately results in the implementation of a marketing strategy. The research question we pose is: How can marketing managers use the organizational learning concept to improve the organization’s marketing performance? A qualitative research strategy, incorporating an open ended, structured questionnaire was used to obtain insights into how organizational learning supports the development of knowledge and the implementation of marketing strategy in three Korean companies in three separate industries. The research findings indicate that managers in the participating Korean companies embrace the strategic marketing concept, implement knowledge based marketing decisions, are committed to sharing information and are keen to adopt innovatory processes that result in change. In addition, they utilize the organizational learning concept to enhance the capability of the organization, ensure that individual learning is placed in the context of institutional learning, develop and implement innovative marketing strategies, and reinforce the strategic marketing planning process through interactive communication in order to achieve value creation.

Cosmetic industry is a typical industry for domestic demand and is closely connected with domestic demand growth. In 2006, domestic cosmetics market is showing high growth rate due to the recovery of domestic demand and the market reorganization of sales channels is proceeding rapidly due to the recent global economic slowdown, Due to the situation, many companies are launching low-priced brand shop. The purpose of this study was to clarify the impact of marketing strategy of cosmetic brand-shop on consumers' purchasing intention. As the result of analyses, it was found that product, place, promotion factors of cosmetic brand-shop affect brand image. Also only product factor affects corporate image, perceived quality. And using regression analysis between brand image, corporate image, perceived quality and customer behaviors. Brand image and perceived quality factors influence consumers purchasing intention. Brand image has a positive impact on corporate image. And corporate image affects the perceived quality.

본 연구는 국공립 직업무용단체 11단체의 웹사이트를 마케팅믹스 관점에서 운영되어지고 있는 현황을 분석하여 웹사이트를 통한 관객개발 전략이 나아갈 방향성을 제시하는 데 목적이 있다. 본 연구 방법은 마케팅 믹스 개념에 대한 문헌조사를 실시하였으며, 연구대상은 일정한 급여를 정기적으로 부여하는 직업무용단 중 웹사이트를 운영하고 있는 국공립 단체를 선정하였다. 분석방법은 일반경영학에서 제시하는 마케팅 믹스(Production, Price, Promotion, Place) 4가지 요소를 응용하여 예술경영의 차원에서 마케팅믹스 요소들을 도출하여 각각의 영역이 웹사이트 구성내용에 어떻게 분포되었는지를 분석하였다. 분석된 자료는 선행연구 정미란(2007)의 “국내직업무용단의 웹사이트 콘텐츠 비교분석”과 신동윤 이성민(2004) “한국프로축구단 마케팅 믹스 요소 및 일반적 항목 웹사이트 내용분석”에서 제시한 분류방법을 수용하여 처리하였으며, 마케팅 믹스 4가지 요소가 나타난 빈도수와 내용을 분석하였으며, 그 결과를 도출하여 다음과 같은 전략을 제시하였다. 첫째, 국공립단체의 독립 웹사이트 운영을 통해 공연에 관심을 갖는 잠재관객의 관심도를 높일 수 있을 것이다. 둘째, 인터넷을 활용하여 무용단체의 웹사이트 방문을 유도하기 위해서 다양한 검색단어에 관련단어를 넣으면 최대한 많이 공연단 웹사이트에 링크 되도록 하여 사람들에게 친밀감을 주어 관심을 갖도록 유도할 필요가 있다. 셋째, 웹사이트 상에서 회원들이 참여할 수 있는 공간의 확대를 통해 보다 많은 홍보를 유도할 수 있는 것이다. 넷째, 웹사이트에서 이벤트와 공연의 연계성을 확대하여 공연장에 관객이 직접 참여할 수 있도록 유도하면서 티켓 구매 효과를 증대할 필요가 있다. 다섯째, 무용단체의 웹사이트 운영에 있어서 관객과 단체 간의 실시간 커뮤니티장의 마련을 통해서 단체와 관객의 직접적인 만남을 유도할 필요가 있다.

The proliferation of the internet and electronic commerce has given the manufacturers the opportunity of direct marketing. This study analyzes the decision of manufacturers regarding whether to sell the products through independent sales company or to sel

The study sought ways to promote the global recognition of Korean food items. The Korean cuisine is one of the healthiest and well-balanced in the world. But, in contrast to countries including the United States, France, China, Japan, Thailand and Australia that have adopted food promotion and marketing strategies, Korea lacks a similar strategy. Development of indigenous sauces by Korean food manufacturers and processors is one route in the promotion of Korean cuisine. Korean restaurant franchising could also aid in export of Korean food items. The food manufacturing/processing sectors must work in concert with the Korean government to globalize the Korean cuisine. Brand chefs, Korean cuisine seminars and promotional efforts in foreign countries and foreign cooking schools (such as the 'Taste Korea' campaign) are prudent actions.

The purpose of this research is to develop the management strategy for a take-out specialty sore on the basis of SWOT analysis which requires analysis of internal and external environmental informations. The survey was performed in order to gather the internal and external customer informations for a take-out specialty store. The questionnaires developed were distributed to customers (N=188) and employees (N=23) at 5 take-out specialty store branches from April 25, 2002 to April 29, 2002. The statistical data analysis was completed by SPSS WIN 10.0 for descriptive analysis, factor nalaysis, and Pearson's correlation. IPA(Importance-Performance Analysis) was applied in order to identify the critical management issues which would be explained with the organization's weakness or strength. SWOT analysis was performed through identifying the organizational strength and weakness as internal environment factors and external environmental opportunity and threat as uncontrollable external factors.