The present study examines Korean high school English teachers’ and university students’ perceptions about the criterion-referenced assessment of English in CSAT. A total of 400 participants (149 teachers and 251 students) answered an online questionnaire. Teachers showed more positive attitudes than students in their perceptions about the reduction of excessive competition among students, more communicative English classes, and the use of Korean and mathematics scores of the CSAT for the admission materials. Students, on the other hand, were more positive than teachers in their perceptions about the effects of the criterion-referenced assessment of English in CSAT on the reduction of private education and more high scorers in the CSAT. Regarding the alternatives to current criterion-referenced assessments of English in CSAT, teachers seem to emphasize the development of new question types for a valid criterion-referenced assessment system while students seem to focus on improving the communication skills through the English test in CSAT, not on the validity of the criterion-referenced assessment.

The high level of lithium storage in synthetic porous carbons has necessitated the development of accurate models for estimating the specific capacity of carbon-based lithium-ion battery (LIB) anodes. To date, various models have been developed to estimate the storage capacity of lithium in carbonaceous materials. However, these models are complex and do not take into account the effect of porosity in their estimations. In this paper, a novel model is proposed to predict the specific capacity of porous carbon LIB anodes. For this purpose, a new factor is introduced, which is called normalized surface area. Considering this factor, the contribution of surface lithium storage can be added to the lithium stored in the bulk to have a better prediction. The novel model proposed in this study is able to estimate the lithium storage capacity of LIB anodes based on the porosity of porous carbons for the first time. Benefiting porosity value (specific surface area) makes the predictions quick, facile, and sensible for the scientists and experts designing LIBs using porous carbon anodes. The predicted capacities were compared with that of the literature reported by experimental works. The remarkable consistency of the measured and predicted capacities of the LIB anodes also confirms the validity of the approach and its reliability for further predictions.

해상교통환경의 위험도를 평가하기 위한 기술로는 대표적으로 FSA, PAWSA, IWRAP 등이 있으며, 이러한 기술의 개발을 위해서는 해상교통환경에 적합한 위험요소를 선정하고 이에 대한 평가기준이 마련되어야 한다. 기존 기술에서 위험도는 사고의 출현빈도와 이로 인한 영향의 곱으로 정의되어 이에 따라 사고의 출현빈도 및 영향에 해당되는 위험요소들이 각각 구분되어 선정되고 있었다. 그러나, 본 연구는 각 위험요소에 요소별 출현빈도와 영향을 포함하여 이들의 합으로 위험도를 정의함으로써 기존 기술에서 사고의 영향에 해당되었던 위험요소들을 제외하는 한편, 위험요소 분류체계에 관한 기존 연구의 사례 검토를 통하여 위험도를 구성하는 위험요소를 20가지로 추출한 후 유사한 성격에 따라 5가지 카테고리로 분류하였다. 또한, 선정된 각 위험요소에 대하여 관련 통계자료 등을 이용 실용적으로 용이하게 평가할 수 있는 기준을 제시하여, 향후 국내 해상교통환경에 적합한 위험도 평가모델의 개발을 위한 기초를 마련하였다.

현재 한국에서는 거짓말탐지검사의 채점과정에서 '일관성' 기준을 사용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 현재 한국에서 사용하고 있는 거짓말탐지검사 기법의 채점 기준 중 '일관성' 기준의 실증적 타당성을 검증하고자 하였다. 구체적으로는 한국에서 이루어지고 있는 거짓말탐지검사의 채점과정에서 '일관성'을 실제로 고려하고 있는지의 여부를 검증한 후 '일관성'을 고려하여 채점하는 경우와 그렇지 않은 경우에서 거짓말탐지검사 결과의신뢰도(Cronbach' α)와 정확성이 어떻게 달라지는지를 파악하였다. 본 연구는 실제 현장에서 '일관성'을 고려하여 채점 한 원채점자료와 '일관성'을 고려할 수 없도록 가공하여 채점한 실험채점자료를 분석하였다. 원채점자료와 실험채점자료는 동일한 검사관들이 채점하도록 하였다. 그 결과 현재 한국에서는 거짓말탐지검사의 채점과정에서 '일관성'을 고려하고 있는 것이 확인되었다. 신뢰도는 원채점자료가 .93, 실험채점자료가 .91로 비슷한 수준이었다. 정확성은 검찰의 기소 여부와 거짓말탐지검사 점수에 의한 판정을 지표로 사용한 잠재계층분석(N=182)의 결과를 실제 거짓말 여부를 판단하는 기준으로 사용했을 때 원채점자료에서 76.9%, 실험채점자료에서 61.5%로 나타났다. 논의에서는 이러한 결과가 나타난 원인과 한국에서 사용하고 있는 '일관성' 기준이 거짓말탐지검사 채점에서 갖는 유용성에 대하여 논의하였다.

The present study purposed to establish high school male students’ criterionreferenced standards for the Youth Physical Fitness Awards Program in order to suggest standard physical strength levels to be achieved by high school male students in the events

현재 국내의 차종 분류 기준은 그 조사목적과 조사지점에 따라 이원화되어 운영되고 있다. 고속국도와 지방도의 경우는 8종 분류 기준이 그리고 일반국도의 경우는 11종 분류 기준이 활용되고 있는데, 이러한 이원화된 분류 기준은 자료 활용의 효율성을 저하시키고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구는 이러한 이원화된 차종 분류 기준의 문제점을 해결하기 위해 통합된 차종 분류 기준을 제시하고 있다. 분류 기준은 차량 제원에 의한 기계식 조사에 초점을 맞추었으며, 현장 조사의 문제점을 완화하기 위해 인력식 조사에도 적용이 가능하도록 설정되었다. 제안된 차종 분류 기준은 차량의 다양화 및 대형화 추세를 반영하고, 기타 차종 분류 기준과의 호환성을 고려하고 있어 보다 합리적인 차종 분류 기준이라 할 수 있다.

본 연구는 강릉 연안지역의 해풍 선정기준과 단 시간 해풍의 기후학적 특성에 관한 것이다. 강릉 연안지역에서의 해풍 선정기준은 다음과 같다. 즉, 육풍에서 해풍으로, 그리고 그 반대로의 분명한 풍향 변화가 있는 가운데 북동 기류와 같이 지형적 원인에 의한 풍향 변화는 해풍 선정에서 제외시켰다. 그리고 해풍이 1시간 또는 2시간만 지속된 경우도 포함시켰다. 이렇게 선정된 해풍 가운데 강릉 연안 지역에서의 가장 큰 특징인 단 시간 해풍에 대한 기후학적 특성을 10년동안(1988년∼1997년)의 자료를 통해 분석하였고 계절별 발생빈도, 발생시간, 풍향, 풍속, 기온으로 구성되었다. 마지막으로 본 연구는 강릉 연안지역 뿐만 아니라 동해안 지역 해풍의 기후학적 특성활용에 대해 간략히 논하였다.

The wheelhouse front glass of a Fore-Bridge-Ship (Ro-Ro Ship) was broken by the shipping of water in rough seas, and then the flooding of seawater into the wheelhouse caused the uncontrollable condition of the ship. The hull which was entered into the floating condition rolled severely, and the heavy rolling caused secondary damage such as the collapse of a lot of cargo. It was an incredible accident because the height of bow freeboard was about 2.5 times higher than the standard height of minimum bow freeboard regulated by the International Load Line Convention(1966). And it would be also difficult for navigators to imagine a great deal of seawater flooding into the wheelhouse because the front glass was positioned at about 20m height above the sea surface. In this paper, we carried out the evaluation for the safety navigation of the Fore-Bridge-Ship numerically against ship's speed and encountering angle to the wave in each sea state of rough sea, by using the integrated seakeeping performance index (ISPI) which is able to evaluate synthetically the safety operation of ships. And then the problem on the application of the past criteria proposed as the safety navigation of a merchant ship was clarified by inquiring the dangerousness of the shipping of water at her bow deck, which caused the breakage of the wheelhouse front glass.

The Steering and Sailing Rules of International Regulation for Preventing Collisions at Sea now in use direct actions to avoid collision when two power-driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal courses so as to involve risk of collision. But these rules do not refer to the minimum relative distances and safety relative distances between two vessels when they should take such actions.In this paper the ship's collision avoiding actions being analyzed from a viewpoint of ship motions, the mathematical formulas to calculate such relative distances necessary for taking actions to avoid collision were worked out. The values of maneuvering indices being figured out through experiments of 20 actual ships of small, medium, large and mammoth size and applied to calculating formulas, the minimum relative distances and safety relative distances were calculated. The main results were as follows. 1. It was confirmed that the criterion elements for collision avoiding actions in head-on situation of two vessels shall be the minimum relative distances and safety relative distances between them. 2. On the assumption that two vessels same in size and condition were approaching each other in head-on situation, the minimum relative distance of small vessel(GT : 160~650tons) was found to be about 4.7 times her own length, and those of medium (GT:2,300~4,500tons),large(GT:15,000~62,000tons) and mommoth (GT:91,000~194,000tons) vessels were found to be about 5.2 times, about 5.2 times and about 6.1 times their own lengths respectively. 3. On the assumption that two vessels same in size and condition were approaching each other in head-on situation, the safe relative distance of small vessel (GT : 160~650tons) was found to be about 6.8 times her own length, and those of medium (GT : 2,300~4,500tons), large (GT: 15,000~62,000tons) and mammoth (GT : 91,000~194,000tons) vessels were found to be about 9.0 times, about 6.3 times, and about 8.0 times their own lengths respectively. 4. It is considered to be helpful for the safety of ship handling that the sufficient safe relative distances for every vessels shall be more than about 12~14 times which are 2 times minimum relative distance, their own length on above assumption.

In the 1910s and 1920s, T. S. Eliot had frequently made interesting remarks on politics and commented on political issues through literary journalism. In his writings, he expressed a strong dislike for liberal democracy, a main current of British as well as universal political movements then. After taking up the editorship of The Criterion in 1922, Eliot advanced his opinions persistently against liberal democracy on political and literary issues through the quarterly review.This paper examines Eliot’s political ideas reflected in his various writings in The Criterion right after his conversion to the National Church of England in 1927. This examination finds that the political ideas of Eliot and other contributors in the review have close affinities with those expounded by the French political thinker, Charles Maurras, who was a champion of French monarchism, Classicism, Catholicism, and who condemned liberal democracy after the French Revolution. Although Eliot retained some of his family politics, much of his reactionary ideas against liberal democracy germinates from the thoughts of Maurras. For Eliot, liberal democracy in politics was not conducive to the excellence in the of arts as well as modern culture. However, after the condemnation of Maurras by the Vatican, he turns to Christian politics, which must be in service of the Church.