This study aims to measure sedimentation status change with the changes in internal pressure for dry chemical extinguishers of various use periods and analyze the suitability of the fire extinguishers' performance criteria. When the internal pressure of the fire extinguisher is 0%, 2 out of 10 new dry chemical powders for the 5 elapsed years were noted to be suitable, including 3 recycled dry chemical powders with 5 elapsed years that were found eligible. One out of 10 new dry chemical powders for 10 elapsed years was shown as suitable. Also, one new dry chemical powder for 13 elapsed years was suitable. When the internal pressure of the fire extinguisher was 50%, all 10 out of 10 new dry chemical powders for 5 years, recycled one with 5 elapsed years, and a new one with 10 elapsed years were found to be suitable, while 9 new dry chemical powders for 13 years were shown as suitable. When the internal pressure of the fire extinguisher was normal, new ones with 5 elapsed years, recycled ones with 5 elapsed years, new ones with 10 elapsed years, and new ones with 13 elapsed years were all 10 out of 10 samples noted as suitable. In summarizing the experiment results, it was found that the sedimentation status, one of the fire extinguisher's physical properties experiments, affects the fire extinguisher's performance criteria rather than the change with use periods.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of storage type and period on the quality of rye hay. The rye “Gogu” was sown on October 15, 2020, and harvested on April 22, 2021 (heading stage). The rye hay was prepared in two wrapping conditions (wrapping and unwrapping) and two storage period (3 and 6 months). In regards to their visual appearance, the forage quality score was higher in wrapped rye hay than in unwrapped rye hay. In all groups, there was no difference in appearance between inside and outside. The moisture content of wrapped rye hay was maintained at the initial level until 6 months. However, the moisture content of unwrapped rye hay was increased at 3 months of storage, and then decreased at 6 months of storage. Crude protein content was higher in wrapped rye hay than in unwrapped rye hay, whereas NDF and ADF contents were lower within wrapped rye hay than within unwrapped rye hay (p<0.05). In conclusion, wrapping rye is effective method for long-term storage that reduces the effect of external environment.

In stream ecosystem assessment, RIVPACS, which makes a simple but clear evaluation based on macroinvertebrate community, is widely used. In this study, a preliminary study was conducted to develop a RIVPACS-type model suitable for Korean streams nationwide. Reference streams were classified into two types (upstream and downstream), and a prediction model for macroinvertebrates was developed based on each family. A model for upstream was divided into 7 (train): 3 (test), and that for downstream was made using a leave-one-out method. Variables for the models were selected by non-metric multidimensional scaling, and seven variables were chosen, including elevation, slope, annual average temperature, stream width, forest ratio in land use, riffle ratio in hydrological characteristics, and boulder ratio in substrate composition. Stream order classified 3,224 sites as upstream and downstream, and community compositions of sites were predicted. The prediction was conducted for 30 macroinvertebrate families. Expected (E) and observed fauna (O) were compared using an ASPT biotic index, which is computed by dividing the BMWPK score into the number of families in a community. EQR values (i.e. O/E) for ASPT were used to assess stream condition. Lastly, we compared EQR to BMI, an index that is commonly used in the assessment. In the results, the average observed ASPT was 4.82 (±2.04 SD) and the expected one was 6.30 (±0.79 SD), and the expected ASPT was higher than the observed one. In the comparison between EQR and BMI index, EQR generally showed a higher value than the BMI index.

본 논문은 宋代 瓷器에 보이는 嬰戱紋의 시기별, 소재별 유형과 金과 高麗로 전파된 이 후 수용과 변화된 양상을 파악하고자 하였으며 이를 위해 자기 뿐만 아니라 회화, 금은기 등 과의 비교를 시도하였다. 영희문은 아이가 놀고 있는 모습을 나타내는 문양으로, 南北朝時代 금속기에서 처음 보 이기 시작한 이후 唐代 長沙窯에서 자기의 장식요소로 처음 사용되기 시작하였다. 송대에 이르면 南ㆍ北方 여러 窯址에서 자기장식요소로 활발히 제작되기 시작하며 다양한 소재와 결합되는 양상이 나타난다. 송대 영희문이 다수 확인되는 耀州窯와 定窯, 磁州窯, 景德鎭窯 등을 중심으로 시기별 변화 확인을 통해 송대 전기에는 거의 확인되지 않던 영희문이 중기에 이르러 북방지역의 요 주요와 남방지역의 경덕진요에서 등장하기 시작한다. 이후 송대 후기부터 요주요를 중심으로 도상과 소재가 다채로워지기 시작하였으며, 북송말-남송초에는 영희문이 확산되어 많은 요 지에서 제작되기 시작한 것으로 보인다. 이렇게 확인되는 송대 영희문은 결합되는 소재에 따 라 화훼, 과실, 불교, 민간생활로 나누어 볼 수 있으며, 營造法式과 같이 관에서 반포한 서적의 보급과 함께 多子多孫, 子孫蕃盛 등의 의미를 담고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 송대 영희문의 확산과정에서 금과 고려도 영향을 받아 영희문 자기를 제작하게 되는데, 금은 결합된 양상과 구성에서 북송대와 유사한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 자주요에서 북방 민족의 복식으로 변화되는 양상이 확인되며, 이와 함께 당시 ‘百子圖’, ‘嬰戱圖’ 등의 회화에서 확인되는 아이들의 유희소재가 단독으로 나타난다. 고려에서는 12세기 중반 이후부터 영희문 자기가 제작되기 시작하며, 결합 소재와 아이 의 복식 양상을 통해 요주요의 영향을 받은 이후 정요의 영향을 받았던 것으로 보여진다. 고 려 영희문 자기는 크게 넝쿨과의 결합구성, 단독소재 구성, 회화식 구성으로 나누어 볼 수 있으며, 그중 회화식 구성은 송대 회화의 영향과 함께 남송대 금은기의 영향을 받았을 가능 성을 파악할 수 있었다.