High level radioactive waste disposal repository is faced thermos-hydro-mechanical-radioactive condition. Factors according to these complex conditions are measured using multiple sensors installed in the disposal repository to check integrity of the structure. Wires of the sensors can be potential pathways of groundwater and nuclide flow and these pathways accelerates bentonite saturation. Therefore, it is worth to developing wireless sensors buried in the bentonite buffer which can communicate without wires. In start of the study, widely-utilized wireless communication methods including WiFi and LoRa are tested using compacted bentonite blocks to estimate the performance of them. Compacted bentonite blocks are prepaired using di-press method with metal molds and the dry density of them are about 1.6 g/cm3. All wireless communication methods are well communicated through the bentonite blocks over 50 cm. The further experimental tests will be conducted with different dry density and water contents. The results of these experimental tests give a possibility of wireless communications in compacted bentonite buffer and will be utilized for the design of wireless sensor systems for the repository monitoring.

스마트팜 요소들 중에서 중요한 요인 중 하나는 환경 계측이 다. 본 연구에서는 오픈 소스 프로그램인 아두이노, 앱 인벤터 와 노드 레드를 이용하여 로라와 블루투스 무선 통신을 통한 환 경 계측 모니터링 시스템을 설계하였다. 이 시스템은 아두이 노, 로라 쉴드, 온습도 센서(SHT10), 이산화탄소 센서(K30) 로 구성되었다. 아두이노(Arduino) 프로그램에서 사용된 라 이브러리로는 LoRa.h, Sensirion.h, LiquidCrystal_I2C.h와 K30_I2C.h를 사용하였다. 일정한 주기로 센서에서 환경 데 이터를 받을 때, 데이터의 안정화를 위해 평균값을 사용한 코 딩을 사용하였다. 사용자 인터페이스로 노드 레드와 앱 인벤 터 프로그램을 이용하여 안드로이드 기반의 앱을 개발하였다. 아두이노의 시리얼 화면과 스마트 폰의 화면 및 노드 레드의 사용자 인터페이스에 출력되는 화면으로 센서에 위한 환경 자 료가 잘 수집되어 디스플레이되는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 이러한 오픈소스 기반의 플랫폼과 프로그램들은 다양한 농업 응용 분 야에 적용될 것이다.

국내 고도성장기 이후 본격 건설되기 시작한 사회 기반 시설물은 노후화가 빠르게 진행되고 있다. 특히 사고 발생 시 대량 인명 피해로 직결될 수 있는 교량, 터널 등의 대형 구조물에 대한 안전성 평가가 필요하다. 하지만 기존의 유선 센서 기반의 Structural Health Monitoring(SHM)을 개선한 무선 스마트 센서 네트워크는 짧은 신호 도달거리로 인해 경제적이고 효율적인 시스템 구축이 힘들다. 따라서 LoRa LPWAN 시스템은 사물인터넷의 확산과 더불어 저전력 장거리 통신이 각광을 받고 있으며, 이를 구조 건전성 모니터링에 응용함으로써 경제적이면서도 효율적인 모니터링 시스템 구축이 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 LoRa LPWAN 기반의 무선 계측센서 기술 동향을 조사하였으며, LoRa LPWAN 기반의 무선 계측센서 설치 및 유지관리 방안을 제안한다.

Information and communication technologies are developing rapidly as IC chip size becomes smaller and information processing becomes faster. With this development, digital circuit technology is being widely applied to mobile phones, wireless LANs, mobile terminals, and digital communications, in which high frequency range of GHz is used. In highdensity electronic circuits, issues of noise and EMC(Electro-Magnetic Compatibility) arising from cross talk between interconnects or devices should be solved. In this study, sheet-type electromagnetic wave absorbers that cause electromagnetic wave attenuation are fabricated using composites based on soft magnetic metal powder and silicon rubber to solve the problem of electromagnetic waves generated in wireless communication products operating at the frequency range of 2.4 GHz. Sendust(Fe-Si-Al) and carbonyl iron(Fe-C) were used as soft magnetic metals, and their concentrations and sheet thicknesses were varied. Using soft magnetic metal powder, a sheet is fabricated to exhibit maximum electromagnetic attenuation in the target frequency band, and a value of 34.2dB(99.9 % absorption) is achieved at the target frequency.

The ship steering is a very important factor for safe operation. Recently, the ship is controlled in a space other than the wheelhouse through the wired controller. However, there has been a continuing need to improve the inconvenience of wired systems. In this study, a system to control the steering angle and throttle of ship by RF communication method was developed and applied to actual ship. Since the reliability is secured through the safety evaluation, the wireless steering system improves the convenience and economic efficiency of ship steering.

Wireless sensors are more favorable in measuring structural response compared to conventional sensors in terms of them being easier to use with no issues with cables and them being considerably cheaper. Previous tests have been conducted to analyze the performance of MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) sensor in sinusoidal excitation tests. This paper analyzes the performance of in-built MEMS sensors in devices by comparing with an ICP sensor as the reference. Earthquake input amplitude excitation in shaking table tests was done. Results show that MEMS sensors are more accurate in measuring higher input amplitude measurements which range from 100gal to 250gal than at lower input amplitudes which range from 10gal to 50gal. This confirms the results obtained in previous sinusoidal tests. It was also seen that natural frequency results have lower error values which range from 0% to 3.92% in comparison to the response spectra results. This also confirms that in-built MEMS sensors in mobile devices are good at estimating natural frequency of structures. In addition, it was also seen that earthquake input amplitudes with more frequency contents (Gyeongju) had considerably higher error values than Pohang excitation tests which has less frequency contents.

A wireless sensor network is emerging technology and intelligent wireless communication paradigm that is dynamically aware of its surrounding environment. It is also able to respond to it in order to achieve reliable and efficient communication. The dynamical cognition capability and environmental adaptability rely on organizing dynamical networks effectively. However, optimally clustering the cognitive wireless sensor networks is an NP-complete problem. The objective of this paper is to develop an optimal sensor network design for maximizing the performance. This proposed Ranking Artificial Bee Colony (RABC) is developed based on Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) with ranking strategy. The ranking strategy can make the much better solutions by combining the best solutions so far and add these solutions in the solution population when applying ABC. RABC is designed to adapt to topological changes to any network graph in a time. We can minimize the total energy dissipation of sensors to prolong the lifetime of a network to balance the energy consumption of all nodes with robust optimal solution. Simulation results show that the performance of our proposed RABC is better than those of previous methods (LEACH, LEACH-C, and etc.) in wireless sensor networks. Our proposed method is the best for the 100 node-network example when the Sink node is centrally located.

Recently, measuring instruments for SHM of structures has been developed. In general, the wireless transmission of sensor signals, compared to its wired counterpart, is preferable due to the absence of triboelectric noise and elimination of the requirement of a cumbersome cable. However, the low-cost wireless MEMS sensor has high noise density and transmits the signal wirelessly, so data transmission delay occurs during measurement. Therefore, the footbridges that was previously measured by a mobile phone in 2014 was remeasured using G-Link-200, iPad and iPhone to compare their performance.

해상에서 사용하고 있는 통신용 안테나는 눈에 띄게 계속 개발되고 있다. 하지만 해상통신용 안테나의 발전속도는 사용자의 요구와 비교했을 때 많이 부족한 것을 느끼고 있다. 그래서 해상에서 도움이 되는 안테나를 개발하고자 하였고 안테나의 소형화, 이득 및 방사패턴을 개선한 고속 통신망 시스템을 효과적으로 사용하기 위해 3 [GHz], 5.72 [GHz] 대역에서 동작하는 UWB/Bluetooth용 안테나를 설계하였다. 대역폭의 개선을 위해 마이크로스트립 패치 안테나를 선택하였고 3D 설계가 가능한 CST Microwave Studio 2014 프로그램을 이용하였다. 프로그램을 통해 각 단계마다 이론적인 근거에 의한 수식을 이용하여 슬롯의 폭, 길이, 전송선로의 폭 등을 계산하여 결과값을 확인하였다. 또한 시뮬레이션을 통해 제작 기준에 적합한 지 확인하는 과정을 거쳤다. 해상에서 근거리 통신을 위한 고속 무선 통신용인 UWB와 해당 기술을 쉽고 편하게 접할 수 있고 각각의 기기와 연결을 통해 근거리의 정보교환을 강조한 Bluetooth를 추가하여 사용자들에게 많이 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

Wireless sensors are more favorable in measuring structural response compared to conventional sensors. This is because they are easier to use with no issues with cables and are considerably cheaper. There are several applications that can be used in recording and analyzing data from MEMS sensor installed on an iPhone. The Vibration App is one of the applications used and there has not been adequate research conducted in analyzing the performance of this App. This paper analyzed the performance of the Vibration App by comparing it with the performance of an ICP sensor. Results show that natural frequency results are more accurate (error less than 5%) in comparison to the amplitude results. This means that built- in MEMS sensor in smartphones are good at estimating natural frequency of structures. In addition, it was seen that the results became more accurate at higher frequencies (5.0Hz and 10.0Hz).

Recently, measuring instruments for SHM of structures has been developed. In general, the wireless transmission of sensor signals, compared to its wired counterpart, is preferable due to the absence of triboelectric noise and elimination of the requirement of a cumbersome cable. However, in extreme environments, the sensor may be less sensitive to temperature changes and to the distance between the sensor and data logger. This may compromise on the performance of the sensor and instrumentation. Therefore, in this paper, free vibration experiments were conducted using wireless MEMS sensors at an actual site. Measurement was assessed in time and frequency domain by changing the temperature variation at(- 8℃, - 12℃ and - 16℃) and the communication distance (20m, 40m, 60m, 80m).