우리나라 자연환경에 적응하는 내염성 자포니카 벼 품종 육성을 위하여 내염성 인디카 계통 IR73571-3B-11-3-K2에 자포니카 품종 서간벼를 모본으로 한 단교배과 여교배 집단을 육성하여 주요 농업형질 및 내염성 정도를 검정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 자포니카 서간벼를 여교배한 집단은 단교배 집단에 비해 간장은 크고, 수장은 감소하였고, 수수는 증가하였으며 수당립수는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 유묘 내염성 정도는 여교배 집단의 평균이 6.7로 단교배 보다 0.6 감소하였다. 2. 두 집단에 출수 전 20일간 0.3% 염농도를 처리한 결과 여교배 집단에서 유묘내염성은 감소하였으나 초형 및 현미 장폭비 등 생태형 개선 계통이 더 많이 분포하였다. 3. 두 집단의 성체검정에서 등숙기 10주 수량은 단교배 집단에서 100 ~ 150 g을 중심으로 정규분포를 보였고, 여교배 집단은 100 g 이하에 편의 분포하였는데 이는 여교배에 의한 집단 내 자포니카 유전적 배경이 증가함으로써 인디카로 유전적 요인이 낮아진 결과로 생각된다. 4. 유묘내염성 정도는 단교배 집단에서 내염성 정도가 5 ~ 7에 전체 86%의 계통이 분포하였고, 14계통(8%)은 유묘내염성이 강했다. 여교배 집단에서 74% 계통이 유묘내염성이 약했고, 8계통(4%)은 강한 내염성을 나타냈다. 이들 결과는 자포니카 내염성 관련 유전적 요인을 도입하기 위해 특성별 단계적 접근이 필요하며 여교배육종법을 이용함으로써 육종효율을 높일 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

This study was carried out to create new popcorn variety. ‘G-Popcorn’ was made by single crossing with two inbred lines, the seed parent, GP3, and the pollen parent, GP4. The hybrid was made in 2009 and selected in 2014 after investigating characteristics for three years from 2012 to 2014. ‘G-Popcorn’ was evaluated on 2 or 3 places in Gangwon-do for three years. ‘G-Popcorn’ showed higher lodging tolerance and popping volume in contrast to the check variety ‘Oryunpopcorn’. The plant height is 213cm indicating 5cm lower than that of ‘Oryunpopcorn’. Also, ration ear height of plant height of ‘G-Popcorn’ is 59%. The weight of 100 seeds was 15.5g, similar to that of ‘Oryunpopcorn’. The popping volume of ‘G-Popcorn’ was about 28.3㎤/g, higher than 25.0㎤/g of ‘Oryunpopcorn’. The yield of ‘G-Popcorn’ was 467kg/10a in regional yield trials for three years, which was 7% higher than that of ‘Oryunpopcorn’.

‘Daanok’, a new maize F1 hybrid (Zea mays L.), is developed by the maize breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA in 2013. The high-yielding hybrid, named ‘Daanok’ was bred by crossing between two inbred lines, ‘KS174’ and ‘KS175’. It is a yellow semi-flint maize hybrid (Zea mays L.). After preliminary yield trial and advanced yield trial of Daanok in Suwon for two years, regional yield trial of that was subsequently carried out for evaluation of its growth and yield at three different locations from 2011 to 2013. The silking date of Daanok is earlier than that of the check hybrid, ‘Jangdaok’. The plant height of Daanok is 229cm, similar to Jangdaok, and its ear height ratio is similar with that of Jangdaok. It has resistance to lodging. There are much of the No. of ear per 100 plants. The ear length of Daanok is similar with that of Jangdaok. The weight of 100 seeds of Daanok is the same with that of Jangdaok. It has strong resistance to northern leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum) and southern leaf blight (Bipolaris maydis). It has strong resistance to ear lot. It has moderate resistance to corn borer. The grain yield (7.34 ton/ha) of Daanok was 23% higher than that of Jangdaok. The seed production of Daanok has gone well due to a good synchronization of flowering period during crossing between the seed parent, KS174, and the pollen parent, KS175, in Yeongwol and F1 seed yield was 2.38 ton/ha. Daanok would be a suitable cultivar to all plain area in Korea.

Drought stress is one of the major stresses affecting growth and productivity in rice. Drought tolerance is a complex trait governed by quantitative trait loci(QTLs) making it difficult to understand mechanisms underlying it. We generated a set of 55 introgression lines via backcrosses using Milyang23, the Korean Tongil-type rice variety as the recurrent parent and Oryza glaberrima (IRGC Acc. No. 103544) as a donor parent. 139 SSR markers were used to genotype 55 introgression lines. The 55 introgression lines with Milyang23 were evaluated for physiological traits such as fresh shoot weight (FSW), fresh root weight (FRW) and dry shoot weight (DSW) under the control and 30% PEG-treated condition. Three lines (IL9, IL12, and IL55) showing significant difference with Milyang23 were selected for further analysis. Genotyping revealed that three lines had four, four and two O. glaberrima homozygous segments, respectively. IL9 performed better than Milyang23 in all traits measured in the 30% PEG-treated condition. IL9 possessed four O. glaberrima introgressions on chromosomes 1, 2, 6 and 7. IL12 performed better than Milyang23 in FSW and FRW and contains four O. glaberrima introgressions on chromosomes 3 and 6. IL55 contains two O. glaberrima introgressions on chromosomes 2 and 6. Three lines shared the O. glaberrima segment delimited by markers RM133-RM225 at chromosomes 6. This region corresponds to the QTL region for drought tolerance reported by other previous studies. Although IL9 and IL12 showed improved drought tolerance at the seedling and vegetative stage, they performed poor under the drought stress at the reproductive stage implying that the level of drought tolerance differs according to the growth stage in rice. IL55 was not significantly different from Milyang 23 in SPP and FER and had significantly higher no. of the total grain than Milyang 23. This result seems to indicate that IL55 will be a good resource for drought tolerance breeding. The population would be useful not only in developing drought tolerant lines in the breeding program but also in fine-mapping the genes/QTLs for drought tolerance.

다평옥은 다수성 종실용 옥수수 품종 개발을 위하여 2010 년에 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원에서 자식계통 KS158과 KS155를 교잡하여 육성한 다수성 단교잡종이다. 다평옥의 종피색은 황색이며 입질은 마치종이다. 2006～2007년까지 2 년 동안 생산력검정시험을 거쳐 2008～2010년까지 3년 동안 수원 등 3지역에서 지역적응시험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 우수 성이 인정되어 2010 농작물 직무육성 신품종으로 결정되었고 다평옥으로 명명하였다. 다평옥의 출사일수는 장다옥과 같다. 간장은 장다옥과 비슷하며 착수고율은 장다옥과 같다. 도복은 장다옥 정도로 강한 것으로 나타났다. 이삭길이는 장다옥보다 다소 작으며 100립중은 장다옥보다 가볍다. 깨씨무늬병과 그 을음무늬병에는 강한 편이다. 검은줄오갈병, 이삭썩음병 및 조명나방 저항성은 중 정도를 보인다. 다평옥의 종실수량은 8.6 톤/ha로 장다옥보다 8% 많았다. 4 : 1(모본 : 부본) 재식 비율로 동시 파종하여 채종 시험한 결과 모본 출사기와 부본 화분비산기간이 일치하였으며 채종수량은 2.8 톤/ha이었다. 다평옥은 전국적으로 재배가 가능하다(품종출원등록번호: 제 4969호).

본 연구에서는 밀양23호의 배경에 O. glaberrima의 특정 염색체단편을 가지는 55 이입계통의 내건성 관련 형질을 조 사하여 변이를 검정하고 내건성이 향상된 4 계통을 선발하였 다. 특히 IL55는 유묘기, 영양생장기 그리고 생식생장기에서 반복친인 밀양23호에 비해 조사된 내건성 형질에서 우수한 특성을 보였으며 내건성 관련 유전자의 분석 및 교배모본으 로 이용될 수 있을 것이다. 이입계통들은 밀양23호의 유전적 배경에 각 계통마다 서로 다른 O. glaberrima 단편이 이입된 계통으로, 이 집단은 O. glaberrima에서 유래된 내재해성 및 작물학적으로 유용한 유전자의 탐색에 효율적인 도구가 될 것이다.

Drought stress is one of the major stress affecting growth and productivity in rice. Drought tolerance is a complex trait governed by quantitative trait loci (QTLs) making it difficult to understand mechanisms underlying it. We generated a set of 55 introgression lines via a backcrossing using Milyang23, a Korean Tongil-type rice variety as the recurrent parent and O. glaberrima (IRGC Acc. No. 103544), an exotic collection from Mali, West Africa as donor parent. 141 SSR markers were used to genotype 55 introgression lines. The 55 introgression lines with the Milyang23 were evaluated for physiological traits such as Fresh shoot weight (FSW), Fresh root weight (FRW) and Dry shoot weight (DSW) under control and 20% PEG-treated condition. Three lines (IL9, 12, 55) showing significant difference with Milyang23 were selected. The genetic background of the three lines were similar to Milyang23 and it has four, four and two O. glaberrima homozygous segments, respectively. IL9 performed better than Milyang23 in all traits measured in the 20% PEG-treated condition. IL9 possessed four O. glaberrima introgressions on chromosomes 1, 2, 6 and 7. IL12 performed better than Milyang23 in FSW and FRW. IL12 contains four O. glaberrima introgressions on chromosomes 3 and 6. And IL55 contains two O. glaberrima introgressions on chromosomes 2 and 6. O. glaberrima segment delimited by markers OSR19-RM225 at chromosomes 6 was commonly present in these three lines. This region corresponds to the QTL region for drought tolerance reported by other previous studies. A set of introgression lines are being developed containing only few chromosomal segments from O. glaberrima in the Milyang23 background. These would be useful not only in developing drought tolerant lines in the breeding program but also in fine-mapping the genes/QTLs for drought resistance.

청다옥은 다수성 사료용 옥수수 품종 개발을 목표로 2010년에 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원에서 자식계통 KS159과 KS155의 교잡으로 육성된 다수성인 단교잡종이다. 청다옥의 종피색은 황색이며 입질은 마치종이다. 2006～2007년까지 생산력검정시험을 거쳐, 2008～2010년까지 3년간 4지역에서 지역적응시험을 실시하였다. 청다옥의 출사일수는 광평옥보다 1일 빠르고 간장은 광평옥보다 다소 짧고 착수고율은 광평옥보다 낮다. 도복은 광평옥과 비슷한 정도로 강하다. 후기녹체성은 광평옥과 비슷하며 이삭비율은 광평옥과 같다. 깨씨무늬병 저항성은 중정도이고, 그을음무늬병에는 강한 편이다. 검은줄오갈병, 이삭썩음병 및 조명나방 저항성은 중정도를 보인다. 청다옥의 건물수량(20.24 톤/ha)은 광평옥과 비슷하였으며, TDN수량(13.80 톤/ha)도 광평옥과 비슷하였다. 청다옥의 종실수량(8.51 톤/ha)은 장다옥보다 많았다. 4∶1(모본:부본) 재식비율로 동시 파종하여 채종시험한 결과 모본의 출사기와 부본의 화분비산기간이 일치하였으며 채종수량은 1.8 톤/ha이었다. 청다옥은 전국적으로 재배가 가능하다.

Recently there are many reports that signaling pathways of abiotic stress and biotic stress are correlated. These relations are not only antagonistic but also synergistic. In this project we are searching the common components in abiotic and biotic stress signaling through proteome and transcriptome analysis. In this project, we are profiling the transcriptome under ABA and biotic stress treatment and searching the common genes which were regulated in both treatment. Furthermore, we are analyzing the secretome and proteome induced under C.maydis. It would be expected that integrative analysis of transcriptome and proteome will presents us the candidate genes to develop abiotic/biotic stress tolerant transgenic plants.

QTL analysis for cold tolerance-related traits was conducted using 75 introgression lines (IL) developed from a cross between a japonica weedy rice and Tongil-type rice. A molecular linkage map consisting of 136 SSR markers was constructed to identify QTLs associated with cold tolerance. 75 ILs and the parents were evaluated for three traits associated with cold tolerance: seedling height and SAPD values at the seedling stage. The plants were grown for 15 days in the low temperature condition (13/20℃ day/night) and the control condition (25/20℃ day/night) in the growth chamber. A total of six QTL were identified for two traits and phenotypic variance explained by each QTL ranged from 4.3% to 35.7%. Among two QTL for seedling height, one QTL, sh1 for seedling height was detected at both conditions. The other QTL on chromosome 6 was detected in the low temperature condition. Four QTL were identified for SPAD value and two were detected on chromosomes 2 and 5. At these loci, Milyang 23 alleles increased the SPAD value. The other two QTL on chromosomes 1 and 4 were detected at the low temperature plot. At these loci, Hapcheonaengmi 3 alleles increased the SPAD values. These results indicate that Hapcheonaengmi 3 alleles might increase tolerance to low temperature in the Milyang 23 background because SPAD value is positively correlated with chlorophyll content and N content in rice. The markers linked to low temperature tolerance at the seedling stage would be useful in selecting for lines with enhanced cold tolerance in a breeding program.

This study was carried out to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for traits related to cold tolerance using an introgression lines (ILs) derived from a cross between a japonica weedy rice and a Tongil-type rice. Among the 80 RILs, one line (CR1835) showing tolerance for cold tolerance related to traits such as panicle exsertion and discoloration in the cold water plot was selected and backcrossed to the recurrent parent, Milyang 23. This line possessed Hapcheonaengmi 3 segments on chromosomes 1, 5 and 11. By two backcrosses to Milyang 23 and selfing, a total of 88 BC3F5 progenies were developed. The 88 ILs were evaluated for traits related to agricultural performance in cold water and in control plots. Cold tolerance was measured as difference of the culm length, spikelet fertility between two plots and panicle exsertion in cold water plot. The 88 ILs showed decreased culm length and increased anthocyan content in cold water plot than in the control water plot.

In order to examine the cross-tolerance of two chilling-tolerant cultivars (Donganbyeo and Heukhyangbyeo) and two chilling-susceptible cultivars (Hyangmibyeo and Taekbaekbyeo) to salt, paraquat, and drought, changes of physiological response and antioxidant enzymes were investigated. The seedlings were grown in a growth chamber until the 4-leaf stage. The seedlings were exposed to chilling at 5~circC for 3 days. For drought treatment, the seedlings were subjected to drought by withholding water from plants for 5 days. For paraquat study, plants were sprayed with 300~muM paraquat. For the salt stress, the seedlings were transferred to the Hoagland's nutrient solution containing 0.6% (w/v) NaCl for 4 days. Chilling-tolerant cultivars showed cross-tolerant to other stresses, salt, paraquat, and drought in physiological parameters, such as leaf injury, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and lipid peroxidation. The baseline levels of antioxidative enzyme activities, catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) activities in chilling-tolerant cultivars were higher than in the chilling-susceptible cultivars. However, there were no differences in ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities between chilling-tolerant and -susceptible cultivars in untreated control. CAT activity in chilling-tolerant cultivars was higher than that in chilling-susceptible cultivars during chilling, salt, and drought treatments, but not during paraquat treatment. However, other antioxidative enzymes, APX, POX, and GR activities showed no significant differences between chilling-tolerant and -susceptible cultivars during chilling, salt, paraquat, and drought treatments. Thus, it was assumed that CAT contribute to cross-tolerance mechanism of chilling, salt, and drought in rice plants.

Indica Japonica 교잡에 의해 육성된 수도신품종들의 유묘기 내냉한계와 내냉발현특성을 Janica품종들과 비교 고찰하고자 10개 품종을 유묘기 내냉성이 제일 약한 제 3 엽기에 주간 11℃야간 5℃의 저온조건에 0, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10일 처리한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 저온처리 전후에 주야 26℃ / 18℃에서 생장한 파종 후 35일묘의 건물중이 무처리묘의 90% 이상이 되는 최장저온처리기간은 신품종들의 경우 0.8~2.8일 간으로써 특히 조생통일이 짧고 밀야 2003가 길었으며, Japonica 품종들의 경우 4.0~5.2일간으로써 신품종들보다 가역적 내냉한계기간이 배정도 길었다. 2. 저온처리에 따른 냉해발현 종료후 묘생존율이 90%이상되는 최장저온처리기간은 신품종들의 경우 3.0~5.6 일간으로써 수원 258호가 제일 짧고 수원 25001가 제일 길었으며, Japonica 품종들은 공시품종 모두 10일간 이상으로 신품종들보다 비가역적 내냉한계기간이 2~3배 이상 길었다. 3. 저온처리중 엽신변색고사율(y1) 및 묘고사율(y2), 저온처리 후 발현된 모신변색고사율(y3), 묘고사율(y4), 냉해를 받은 35일묘의 초장(y5)과 건물중(y6)은 모두 저온처리기간(x)과 고도로 유의한 상관성을 보였는데 특히 y1, y3, y6와 높은 상관성을 보였으며, y1~y6들 상호간에도 모두 고도로 유의한 상관성을 보였으나 특히 y1과 y3, y3와 y6의 상관성이 컸다. 4. 냉해징상들의 발현순서와 상태들간의 상관성 분석결과로부터 가역적 및 비가역적, 직접적 및 간접적 냉해의 발생과 그들의 복합현상으로써 결과되는 관찰되는 냉해징상의 발현과정 모식도를 작성하여 그림 5에 제시하였다. 5. 수도유묘의 내냉성 평가에 있어서 가역적 피해와 비가역적 피해를 종합적으로, 그리고 정량적으로 나타내며 일반적으로 냉해를 나타내는 조사형질들 중 냉해에 가장 예민한 반응을 보이는 건물중율을 1차요인으로 취급할 것으로 제의한다.