PURPOSES : This study aims to evaluate the traffic safety by collecting and analyzing vehicle speed and conflict frequency data based on the provision of information to vehicle drivers and crosswalk pedestrians under right-turn conditions. METHODS : Two evaluation scales, namely speed of access and number of conflicts, were used to quantitatively evaluate the effects of the new information provision method. Data on access speed and the number of conflicts according to information provision were collected and compared before and after information provision. RESULTS : Analysis of the pre- and post-spot speed reduction rates revealed an overall reduction rate of 32.6%. The conflict ratio was 81.0% before information provision but increased to 83.3% after information provision. CONCLUSIONS : When LED display information was provided, the effect of decelerating the approaching speed of vehicles in the rightturn torpedo section was statistically significant, but the reduction in the conflict ratio was not. Factors such as intersection status, traffic volume and vehicle speed, affect the approach speed and increase or decrease the number of conflicts. Regardless of whether information is provided, the average compliance rate of the Road Traffic Act when turning right in the channelization area is 16.7%, which is significantly different from the average compliance rate of 48.4% immediately after the Road Traffic Act was revised in July 2022.

포인세티아(Euphorbia pulcherrima. Willd. Ex Klotzch) ‘Red Ball’은 국립원예특작과학원에서 2019년에 육성한 품종이다. ‘Red Ball’은 긴 관상 기간을 가지는 ‘Christmas Eve’를 모본으로 빨간색 주름진 덮개잎이 볼 타입 꽃을 만드는 ‘Winter Rose Early Red’를 부본으로 교배하여 획득한 실생 계통을 선발하여 육성하였다. 2016년부터 2018년 생육, 개화, 균일성 등에 대하여 1,2차 특성 검정을 실시하였다. 이후 2019년 3차 특성검정을 실시하여 최종선발한 후 직무육성품종심의회에 상정하여 ‘Red Ball’로 명명하였다. ‘Red Ball’품종은 전체적으로 짧은 적색 덮개잎을 가지며 꽃 모양이 납작하지 않아 입체감이 높다. 또한 단일 처리후 약 5.5~6주가 경과하면 완전히 착색되어 출하가 가능할 만큼 착색소요기간이 짧다. ‘Red Ball’은 2021년 4월 12일에 국립종자원에 품종등록(제8497호) 되었다.

수출용 스프레이 장미 신품종을 육성하기 위해 경남농업기술원 화훼연구소에서 2012년 분홍색 스프레이 장미 ‘Pink Sensation’을 모본으로, 오렌지색 스프레이 장미 ‘Orange Jam’ 을 부분으로 하여 잿빛곰팡이병 민감성이 약하고 수송성과 생산성이 좋은 황색 스프레이 장미 ‘Egg Tart’를 육성하였다(품종보호 제7791호). ‘Egg Tart’의 화형은 불규칙한 원형이고, 잎색은 짙은 녹색으로 광택이 강하였으며, 잎 수는 15매, 잎의 길이는 12.3cm로 대조품종 ‘Yellow Tea’에 비해 작았다. 잎의 형태적인 면에서 대조품종과 뚜렷한 차이를 보였는데 ‘Egg Tart’는 소엽 가장자리의 물결모양이 크지 않고 정단부 소엽이 좁은 타원형이었으며, 특히 정부의 모양은 매우 뾰족한 형태를 보였다. ‘Egg Tart’의 절화수량은 152본(㎡/년), 절화장은 78cm, 꽃잎수는 78.8매, 절화수명은 14.4일로 길어 스프레이 절화장미로서 대조품종 ‘Yellow Tea’보다 우수하였다. ‘Egg Tart’의 수출품종으로서 가능성을 확인하기 위해 같은 황색 품종인 ‘Yellow Babe’와 함께 장미 수출업체 재배온실에서 2017 년부터 3년간 실증재배를 하였고 생산된 절화는 내수시장과 일본 수출 시장에 출하하였다. 시험 결과 절화수량과 소화수는 두 품종간 차이가 없었으나 절화길이와 꽃 직경의 크기는 ‘Egg Tart’가 컸으며, 시장 가격도 내수시장과 일본 시장이 각각 송이당 845원, 758원으로 ‘Yellow Babe’ 보다 높았다. ‘Egg Tart’의 잿빛곰팡이병에 대한 민감성을 확인하기 위해 인위적으로 잿빛곰팡이병 균주를 접종하여 병 발생 및 확산 정도를 조사한 결과 대조품종인 ‘Yellow Babe’는 병원균 접종 후 1일 부터 감염이 되었으나 ‘Egg Tart’는 2일부터 감염되었고, 접종 후 4일에 ‘Yellow Babe’는 100% 감염되었지만, ‘Egg Tart’는 38.9%로 대조품종에 비해 상대적으로 감염이 적고 확산 속도도 느렸다. 이상의 결과를 종합해볼 때 황색 스프레이 장미 ‘Egg Tart’는 기존 수출품종 ‘Yellow Babe’를 대체 가능한 품종으로 판단된다.

‘Field Green’은 농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원에서 2012년에 개발한 국화 신품종이다. 2008년 황색 홑꽃인 ‘Laque Roicks’를 모본으로 하고 흰녹병저항성이며 연두색 홑꽃인 ‘Frill Green’을 부본으로 인공교배를 실시하였다. 실생개체중에서 녹색이며 잘 자라고 꽃모양이 안정적인 개체를 2009년에 선발하였다. 그리고 2010년부터 2012년까지 3년동안 촉성재배와 억제재배, 자연재배을 통해 특성검정을 실시하고 최종 선발을 하였다. ‘Field Green’ 은 자연일장조건에서 10월 26일에 개화하는 품종으로 일장조절을 통해 연중재배가 가능하였다. ‘Field Green’ 품종은 밝은 녹색의 설상화와 녹색의 통상화를 가진 홑꽃이다. 한 꽃당 설상화수는 18.8매이고 꽃의 크기는 7.1cm이었으며 초장은 130.0cm으로 줄기생장이 우수하였다. 그리고 흰녹병에 저항성이고 절화수명은 20.0일 정도였다. ‘Field Green’은 2013년 2월 20일 품종보호출원(출원번호: 2013-153)하고 국립종자원에 2014년 4월 2일 품종등록번호 제4839호로 품종보호등록을 완료하였다.

Pleurotus eryngii is one of the most commercially important mushrooms cultivated in Korea. However, the shelf-life of the fruiting body is short, limiting its export. A new hybrid strain H17 of P. eryngii was developed to extend the shelf-life by mono-mono crossing between monokaryotic strains derived from DanBi and KNR2774. Although the cultivation period of H17 was slightly longer than that of the reference cultivar Kenneutari No.2, the quality did not change and remained normal after a period of 65.0 days at 4°C. This result was significantly different from that of the reference cultivar Kenneutari No.2. Analysis of the genetic characteristics of the new hybrid strain H17 revealed a different profile from that of the parental and reference cultivars when random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers was used. These results demonstrate that H17 is a new cultivar with improved storability after harvesting.

본 연구의 목적은 음악사적 맥락에서 쳄린스키의 《클라리넷 3중주 D단조》 op. 3을 분석하고 재해석하는데 있다. 이에 먼저 발전적 변주를 위한 동기의 음형을 고찰하였고, 브람스의 《클라리넷 3중주 A단조》 op. 114와 비교·분석하여 작곡기법적 관점에서 브람스와 쇤베르크의 교량역할을 규명했다. 또한 분석대상작품의 동기에서 방향전환의 파동음형이 지배적으로 사용되었음을 발견 했고, 이와 관련하여 선율의 파동형태가 운동에너지를 내포한다는 당대 쿠르트의 선적 대위법 이론을 살펴보았다. 이를 통해 쇤베르크의 12음기법의 원리가 브람스와 쳄린스키의 발전적 변주에 사용된 동기 구조 및 동기적 수법과 밀접하게 관련되어 있음을 예증했고, 쇤베르크의 《정화된 밤》 op. 4에서 확인했다. 이를 종합하여 볼 때, 쳄린스키의 3중주에 혁신적인 변화를 갈망한 작곡가의 심리가 파동 형태의 잠재적 에너지로 표현되고, 그것이 쇤베르크에 이르러 새로운 음악 기법이 탄생 하는 에너지로서 작용한 것으로 해석했다.

A demand for new mushrooms in the market has given impetus to explore new sources of edible mushrooms. Lepista nuda has an international reputation as an excellent edible species. The combination of its lilac color, solid fleshy structure, good shelf life, and delicious flavor makes it attractive to the market. Therefore the development of commercial cultivation techniques for L. nuda is highly desirable. This study was carried out to develop commercial cultivation techniques of L. nuda for the wild mushroom industry. For commercial cultivation of L. nuda it is required to research into environmental and physical parameters and to develop the new varieties with good productivity and short cultivation period. Twelve of L. nuda were provided from National Agrobiodiversity Center, Korea in 2012. They were investigated mycelia1 growth and formation of fruiting bodies on Agaricus compost. Only five among twelve, KACC51942, KACC52012, KACC52212, KACC52227, and KACC52139, succeeded in initiation and development of fruiting bodies. Spore collection and isolation of monokaryons were obtained from four except KACC52012. We selected four of L. nuda, KACC51942, KACC52212, KACC52227, and KACC52139, as crossing parents to develop the new varieties to shorten cultivation period. They showed different mycelial growth on agar and specific shape and color of fruiting body on button mushroom bed.

A entomopathogenic ascomycetous fungus, Cordyceps militaris is distributed world wide and cultivated as a medicinal mushroom having many valuable biological and pharmaceutical activities. In the breeding of new C. militaris mushroom, single ascospores were isolated and tested their characteristics such as mycelial growth, mycelial density, fruiting body formation ability, the production of perithecia. Also two opposite mating types were assayed using two sets of primers specific for C. militaris, which were amplified a 191-bp fragment for MAT1-1 and 233-bp fragment for MAT1-1. F1 hybrids resulted in well-developed perithecial fruiting bodies and their crossings were confirmed by the PCR assays. New hybrids were produced showing high quality fruiting bodies in artificial media. Mycelial growth of new strain 'Dowonhongcho 2’ was better on SDAY and at 15-25°C when it was compared with that of 'Yedang 3'. The stromata of new strain were club-shaped and bright orange-red color. Its length was 7.1 cm and the cordycepin content was 0.33% on average. In comparison with 'Yedang 3', the new strain had a yield that was 7% higher and it produced fruiting bodies which were firmer. Days of fruiting body were similar with 50 days from inoculation. This cultivar may serve as a valuable one for artificial cultivation and industrial-scale production of C. militaris.

A new commercial cultivar ‘GARES-HM-17-1’ of Hypsizigus marmoreus was developed by the method of mono-mono crossing between monokaryotic strains derived from Hae-Sal 3Ho. The parental strains are characterized by the property of high quality and a short period of time in cultivation. The optimum temperature of mycelial growth was 25°C and that of fruiting body development was 15~16°C. The period of harvesting including primordia formation was 23.0 days shorter than that of control strain Mangadak No. 2. The color of pileus and stipe surface was neutral-white, respectively. The yield was 82.0±5.8g/850cc plastic bottle. Analysis of the genetic characteristics of the new commercial cultivar ‘GARES-HM-17-1’ showed a different profile as that of the control strain, Mangadak No.2, when RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) primer was used. This new cultivar ‘GARES-HM-17-1’ of H. marmoreus is characterized by the improved quality and a short period of time in cultivation after scratching. It would be of much help to expand the cultivation area of H. marmoreus.

PURPOSES :In this study, we analyzed the road crossing behavior of older pedestrians on a mid-block signalized crosswalk, and compared it to that of younger pedestrians. In addition, we analyzed the correlation between accidents involving older pedestrians while crossing roads and their behavioral characteristics. Finally, we confirmed the reasons for an increase in accidents involving older pedestrians.METHODS :First, 30 areas with the highest incidence of accidents involving older pedestrians while crossing roads were selected as target areas for analysis. Next, we measured the start-up delay (the time elapsed from the moment the signal turns green to the moment the pedestrian starts walking) and head movement (the number of head turns during crossing a road) of 900 (450 older and 450 younger) pedestrians. The next step was to conduct a survey and confirm the differences in judgment between older and younger pedestrians about approaching vehicles. Finally, we analyzed the correlation between the survey results and traffic accidents.RESULTS :The average start-up delay and head movement of the older pedestrians was 1.58 seconds and 3.15 times, respectively. A definite correlation was obtained between head movement and the frequency of pedestrian traffic accidents. The results of our survey indicate that 17.3% of the older pedestrians and 7.8% of the younger pedestrians have a high crash risk.CONCLUSIONS :Behavioral characteristics of older pedestrians were closely correlated with accidents involving older pedestrians while crossing roads in mid-block signalized crosswalks. Our study indicates that in order to reduce the number of accidents involving older pedestrians, it is necessary to develop an improvement plan including measures such as installation of safety facilities taking the behavioral characteristics of older pedestrians into consideration and their safety education.

A new commercial cultivar ‘GARES-HM-16-1’ of Hypsizigus marmoreus was developed by the method of mono-mono crossing between monokaryotic strains derived from KNR8047 and KNR8080. The parental strains are characterized by the property of high quality and a short period of time in cultivation respectively. The optimum temperature of mycelial growth was 25°C and that of fruiting body development was 15~16°C. The period of harvesting including primordia formation was 20.0 days shorter than that of control strain Mangadak No.2. The color of pileus and stipe surface was neutral-brown and pure white, respectively. The yield was 123.7±14.8g/850cc plastic bottle. Analysis of the genetic characteristics of the new commercial cultivar ‘GARES-HM-16-1’ showed a different profile as that of the control strain, Mangadak No.2, when RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) primer was used. This new cultivar ‘GARES-HM-16-1’ of Hypsizigus marmoreus is characterized by the improved quality and a short period of time in cultivation after scratching. It would be of much help to expand the cultivation area of Hypsizigus marmoreus.

Within marketing and consumer research, scholars have explored cross-cultural issues, and found that most of the studies are sociologically based and assume intra-cultural homogeneity in mentality and logic among people (Fatehi, Kedia & Priestly, 2015). Research has also explored how acculturation in circumstances of hyperfiliation influences cross-cultural consumption (Bradford & Sherry, 2014). The issue of particular importance within this study is the situation of cultural mixing that takes place when migrants and refugees grow their families away from their home country, and how individual and family identity values are renegotiated given ethnic ties that bind the older generation, and the non-ethnic ties in the host country and amongst the future generations. These ethnic and non-ethnic ties influence the acculturation process (Capellini & Yen, 2013) and re-acculturation process. Given increasing migration across many countries, it becomes important to understand the transcultural experiences of both refugees and migrants, as they mix with the host country’s cultural practices. We take the view that transculturality is an illustration of “the complex relationships between and within cultures today: it emphasises not isolation but intermingling, not separation but disjunctive interactions, not homogenization but heterogenization” (Jung, 2010, p.19). The intermingling of multiple cultures, inevitably has implications on consumption decisions, particularly in cases where many children have been born in the diaspora. Whilst previous studies have explored acculturation as a static and linear process (Chrikov, 2009), our study takes the view that cultural identity formation and it’s resulting cultural orientations are an ongoing, fluid, hybrid and iterative project. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to: (1) explore how cultural identity processes are negotiated by third generation UK born British Sikhs. Here, we focus on 3rd generation British Sikhs with the intention of understanding how hybrid identities emerge, and how these impact on consumption decisions; (2) explore the acculturation and re-acculturation patterns of 3rd generation British Sikhs. It is our contention that the online environment offers opportunities to explore identity projects for those born in the diaspora.

A new commercial cultivar ‘Hae Sal’ of Hypsizigus marmoreus was developed by the method of mono-mono crossing between monokaryotic strains derived from KNR8047 and KNR8080. The parental strains are characterized by the property of high quality and a short period of time in cultivation respectively. The optimum temperature of mycelial growth was 25°C and that of fruiting body development was 15～16°C. The period of harvesting including primordia formation was 7.0 days shorter than that of control strain ‘Mangadak No.2’. The color of pileus and stipe surface was neutral-brown and pure white, respectively. The yield was 117.6±23.2g/850cc plastic bottle. Analysis of the genetic characteristics of the new commercial cultivar ‘Hae Sal’ showed a different profile as that of the control strain, ‘Mangadak No.2’, when RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) primer was used. This new cultivar ‘Hae Sal’ of Hypsizigus marmoreus is characterized by the improved quality and a short period of time in cultivation after scratching. It would be of much help to expand the cultivation area of Hypsizigus marmoreus.