리시안셔스 (Eustoma grandiflorum)는 세계적으로 널리 재배되는 경제적으로 중요한 원예작물이지만 다양한 병원균에 의한 피해를 입고 있다. 2023년 12월 김해시에서 재배되고 있는 리시안셔스 잎이 어둡게 변색되고 시드는 병징이 발견되었다. 국내 리시안셔스 재배지에서 현재까지 이러한 질병은 보고된 바 없는 것으로 알려졌다. 본 연구에서는 리시안셔스의 병든 잎에서 병원균을 분리하였고, 형태학적, 분자생물학적 동정을 실시하였다. 병원균의 비교적 느리게 성장하며, 형태학적 특성은 균사가 밀집된 형태의 균총과 얇고 긴 형태의 분생포자(39.6 × 2.82 μm)를 형성하였다. 병원균의 분자생물학적 동정을 위해 ITS, LSU 영역 염기서열 분석을 실시하였고, GenBank 데이터와 비교한 결과 병원균은 Pseudocercospora eustomatis로 동정되었다. 추가적으로 리시안셔스에 대한 P. eustomatis의 병원성 검정을 실시한 결과, 포장에서와 동일한 병징이 관찰되었다. 본 논문은 국내에서 P. eustomatis에 의해 발생한 리시안셔스 점무늬병에 대한 최초 보고이다.

Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) and Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) cause substantial economic losses on the livestock industry. Therefore, vaccinations have been implemented as the control strategy in endemic countries. However, the potential adverse effects of administering vaccines for both diseases simultaneously have not been thoroughly evaluated. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of vaccinating dairy cows with either or both LSD and FMD vaccines on milk production and physiological parameters such as milk temperature, rumination time and body weight. The experimental groups were divided into four according to the injection materials: 1) saline, 2) LSD vaccine, 3) FMD vaccine, and 4) both vaccines. The impact of vaccination on milk yield and physiological parameters was evaluated daily until 12 days post-vaccination, and milk components were analyzed twice, once per week. Among the experimental groups as well as each vaccine group, no statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed at milk yield, milk components, or milk temperature. This suggests that simultaneous vaccination of LSD and FMD can be administered without adverse effects.

This study presents a novel methodology for analyzing disease relationships from a network perspective using Large Language Model (LLM) embeddings. We constructed a disease network based on 4,489 diseases from the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) using OpenAI’s text-embedding-3-small model. Network analysis revealed that diseases exhibit small-world characteristics with a high clustering coefficient (0.435) and form 16 major communities. Notably, mental health-related diseases showed high centrality in the network, and a clear inverse relationship was observed between community size and internal density. The embedding-based relationship analysis revealed meaningful patterns of disease relationships, suggesting the potential of this methodology as a novel tool for studying disease associations. Results suggest that mental health conditions play a more central role in disease relationships than previously recognized, and disease communities show distinct organizational patterns. This approach shows promise as a valuable tool for exploring large-scale disease relationships and generating new research hypotheses.

In this study, we aimed to understand the effects of pest control on forest ecosystems by examining the populations of beetles, a bioindicator species, in pine wilt disease-affected areas. Density and diversity of beetles at the pest control (sites 1 and 2) and control (site 3) sites were compared. Site 1 contained 247 individuals of 11 species from 5 families, site 2 contained 461 individuals of 19 species from 9 families, and control site 3 contained 511 individuals of 19 species from 9 families. The following main species were collected from each site: 34 pine jewel beetles(Chalcophora japonica) in June, 23 red flat bark beetles(Synuchus cycloderus) in August, and 42 red flat bark beetles in September from site 1, 46 pine jewel beetles in June, 36 elegant beetles(Carabus jankowskii) in August, and 21 elegant beetles in September from site 2, and 31 red ground beetles(Coptolabrus smaragdinus) in June, 56 two-spotted dust beetles(Planetes puncticeps) in August, and 30 two-spotted dust beetles in September from site 3. Furthermore, diversity, evenness, and dominance indices were analyzed for all beetles collected from the pest control and control sites. Site 1 exhibited a diversity index of 0.706, evenness index of 0.711, and dominance index of 0.161. Site 2 exhibited a diversity index of 1.115, evenness index of 0.872, and dominance index of 0.097. Site 3 exhibited a diversity index of 1.101, evenness index of 0.861, and dominance index of 0.102. Similarity index was 47.4% between sites 1 and 2, 33.3% between sites 1 and 3, and 40.0% between sites 2 and 3.

Over-the-scope clip (OTSC) 시스템은 위장관 질환에서 난치성 출혈, 천공, 그리고 누공을 봉합하기 위한 full-thickness 봉합 장치로 기존의 through-the-scope clip (TTSC)에 비해 더욱 강한 힘으로 조직을 움켜잡아 봉합할 수 있으며, 비교적 큰 결손을 보이는 천공도 봉합이 가능한 장점을 가지고 있다. 저자들은 괴사성 췌장염으로 발생한 대장 누공과 담도 내 삽입된 플라스틱 배액관의 이탈로 인한 십이지장 천공을 OTSC로 성공적으로 치료했던 증례를 소개하고자 한다.

Agriculture plays a critical role in Uganda’s economy, contributing to 24% of the gross domestic product (GDP) and serving as the primary source of livelihood for a large portion of the population. Organic horticulture presents a promising pathway for sustainable development, offering economic opportunities through access to niche markets both locally and internationally. However, effective management for pests and diseases remains a major challenge in organic horticulture. This review addresses pest and disease issues affecting non-traditional export crops in Uganda, such as pepper, bitter gourd, and aubergine. Additionally, it provides an overview of botanical pesticides currently used in Uganda, along with approved organic fungicides (e.g., lime sulfur, copper) and insecticides (e.g., paraffinic oils, pyrethrum). This review explores physical and chemical properties, target pests, benefits, drawbacks, and active ingredients of these substances. The ultimate aim is to offer Ugandan farmers expanded options for managing pests and diseases in organic horticulture.

Because intact FMDV particles (146S) are often unstable in vitro, stabilizing foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) antigens remains a key challenge in studying viral charateristics. Therefore, finding optimal condition to stabilize the FMDV is essential. In this study, we investigated formulations and potentials of several stabilizers such as appropriate buffer, excipients, and storage conditions to enhance the stability of 146S. Inactivated FMDV O-Jincheon (O-JC) was dissolved in various buffer formulations, and stored at 4℃ for two months to evaluate quantity of 146S at every 2-week interval. Among phosphate buffered saline (PBS), Tris buffered saline (TBS), HEPES buffered saline (HBS), and MOPS buffered saline (MBS), PBS showed more effective 146S stabilization that showed 1.3-1.6 fold higher 146S fraction than TBS, HBS, and MBS after storage for 2 weeks. However, constant dissociations of 146S were observed in all formulations at 8 weeks. Compared with other FMDVs, A22 Iraq and SAT-1, in PBS, O-JC proved to be the least stable in PBS. A variety of excipients including carbohydrate, sugar alcohol, cryo-protectant were tested for the capability in protecting O-JC from dissociation. By adding 4-8% sucrose, more than 60% of 146S fractions were maintained at 8 weeks, those were at least 1.8 fold higher than the PBS-only control. Addition of 1% β-cyclodextrin showed synergistic enhancement in O-JC stability. As the results of this study, it could be suggested that the PBS-based buffer together with 4-8% sucrose + 2% sorbitol or 2% sucrose + 2% sorbitol + 1% β-cyclodextrin could help the better stability of the O-JC in vaccine preparation.

Afghanistan is a producer of high-quality pistachios among the top ten producers in the World. Nowadays, these edible nuts are losing their quality and quantity due to hemipteran insect infestation and their diversity during all growth phases in the country borderline. The expansion of the pistachio pest in Iran has caused concerns for Afghanistan, especially in the provinces of Herat, Badghis, and Takhar which are close to the Iran borders. Hence, this survey was initiated to primarily detect the phytophagous insect pest presence in the pistachio open forest areas and to know what management tools were effectively used in alleviation of the pest infestation. Our findings indicated that galling aphids, aphids, thrips, and root beetles received the maximum positive responses in the Herat province, but psyllids, aphids, root beetles, leave miners, fruit borers and thrips received the highest responses in Badghis province. In addition, Takhar province depicted plant bugs, twig borer moths, galling aphids, leaf miners, and leafhoppers got the most positive responses accordingly. In the meantime, the data showed that management outcomes were not satisfactory despite the use of sanitation, cultural practices, and chemical application. The survey presented significant differences in the prevalence of pest and in the application of pest control methods among the survey regions. Finally, it is essential to develop the strategy of integrated pest management in order to stop the phytophagous insects from turning into actual pests. This will reduce the pistachio loss annually and improve the nut culture quality in Afghanistan.

본 연구는 코로나 19를 비롯하여 앞으로 발생할 수 있는 신종감염병에 적극적으로 대처할 수 있도록 요양보호사의 코로나 19 환자안전관리 활동 영향요인을 파악하여 감염병 안전관리 활동 촉진 방안을 모색하기 위한 근거자료로 활용하기 위해 진행한 서술적 조사연구이다. 대상자는 요양보호사 302명으로 자 료수집은 2022년 8월 1일부터 31일까지였으며, 수집된 자료는 SPSS 29.0 프로그램을 이용하여 t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe’s test, Person’s correlation coefficients, Multiple linear regression 방법으로 분석하였 다. 환자안전관리 활동은 코로나 19 인지도(r=.420, p<.001), 감염 예방행위(r=.585 p<.001)와 양의 상관관계 를 보였고, 환자안전관리 활동 영향요인으로 코로나 19 인지도(β=.331, p<.001)와 감염 예방행위(β=.529, p<.001)로 나타났고, 설명력은 44.3%였다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 요양보호사의 환자안전관리 활동을 촉 진시키기 위해서는 코로나 19 인지도와 감염 예방행위를 고려한 환자안전관리 활동 교육프로그램을 개발하여 적용할 것을 제언한다.

Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in dogs is a heart disease that is characterized by histopathologic changes in cardiomyocytes, which ultimately result in valve degeneration and blood regurgitation due to structural changes in the heart valves. A number of studies have been conducted with the objective of identifying prognostic factors that may influence the prognosis of dogs with MMVD. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of research examining the factors that predict MMVD stage progression as defined by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine. The objective of this study was to examine whether there are factors associated with stage progression within one year of diagnosis in dogs diagnosed with subclinical MMVD (stage B1 or B2) using physical examination findings, clinicopathologic biomarkers, and echocardiographic markers. This is a retrospective study of veterinary practice performed at Chungbuk National University Animal Hospital. The electronic medical record of the hospital was searched to obtain clinical records of canine patients diagnosed with subclinical MMVD over an 11-year period. For each patient cohort, a logistic regression analysis was conducted. The variables were initially selected using the backward elimination method, and the optimal logistic regression model was determined by removing the independent variables with the largest variance inflation factor. Among the independent variables examined in this study, heart murmur intensity was identified as a statistically significant predictor of stage progression within one year for subclinical MMVD, a finding that aligns with those of previous studies. No other independent variables were found to be significantly associated with subclinical MMVD stage progression. This is the inaugural exploratory study to concentrate on blood test results, a relatively straightforward and quantifiable test result that can be readily obtained in primary care veterinary clinics, among the factors that may be associated with the progression of subclinical MMVD stages.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the psychoemotional changes experienced by mothers of children diagnosed prenatally with congenital heart disease. Methods: Data were collected from March 1 to November 3, 2022, through in-depth interviews with 10 mothers of babies diagnosed prenatally with congenital heart disease in a tertiary hospital. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis method. Results: The following four themes, with 16 subthemes, were identified: 1) Contemplating maintaining the pregnancy amidst grief and denial, 2) Actively protecting the baby, 3) Recognizing the reality of the disease progression while facing the baby, and 4) Finally becoming a mother. Conclusion: The findings suggest that medical staff should provide accurate information about any disease a baby is diagnosed with before childbirth, understand mothers’ psychoemotional changes, and effectively utilize prenatal counseling. This can be achieved by further expanding the existing patient- and family-centered nursing intervention program implemented by the hospital.

The rapid spread of novel infectious diseases, driven by globalization and transportation, has caused significant global damage. This study aimed to deeply explore the meaning of nursing experiences from nurses who performed holistic care for COVID-19 patients. Methods: Nurses from a tertiary hospital's COVID-19 isolation ward from January 1 to March 31, 2021, were included. Data were collected through 1:1 in-depth interviews with 17 nurses who understood the research purpose and agreed to participate. The transcribed interview data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Five themes and 13 sub-themes were derived from 47 codes. The five themes included 'The beginning of new nursing,' 'New nursing while wearing personal protective equipment,' 'End-of-life care for patients,' 'Fruitfulness of nursing for COVID-19 patients,' and 'Demands for better nursing.' Conclusion: Nurses provided holistic and high-complexity nursing care to COVID-19 patients, experienced personal growth, and recognized the importance of colleagues. The unique context of 'isolation' for COVID-19 patients has resulted in profound end-of-life care experiences for nurses, highlighting the demand for support programs to address this issue. Furthermore, it shows the necessity for staffing support tailored to patient care.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition characterized by continuous inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract that varies in intensity over time. IBD is caused by several factors including aberrant gut flora, immunological dysregulation, altered environmental conditions, and genetic variations. However, the pathogenesis of IBD remains unclear. Studies have indicated that an imbalance between T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T (Treg) cells contributes significantly to the development of IBD. Intestinal Tregs suppress inflammation and are critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis. Th17 cells are known to play an important role in the development and pathogenesis of IBD and provide non-inflammatory support for the integrity of the intestinal barrier against bacterial and fungal infections. Therefore, the Th17/Treg cell balance is crucial in the pathogenesis of IBD and gut integrity. The microenvironment of the intestinal mucosal immunity is regulated by the secretion of cytokines associated with Th17 cells and Tregs. Several studies have indicated that the gut bacteria contribute to the control of the immune milieu and play a key role in the regulation of Th17 cell development. Intestinal bacteria and cytokines control Th17 cell development. Th17 cells secrete cytokines that regulate the immune microenvironment in the gut mucosa. This review provides an overview of Th17 cells and examines the strategies for treating patients with IBD using Th17 cell-targeted drugs.

본 연구는 19세기 후반과 20세기 초반에 한국에서 활동한 외국인 선교사들이 편찬한 5종의 영한 사전에 나타난 질병명을 분석한다. 이 근대이중어사전들의 질병명은 서구 과학 지식이 동아시아로 급속히 유입되면서 한국에서 새로운 의학 용어의 필요성 을 반영한다. 질병명의 정확한 번역은 공중 보건에 중요했으며, 당시의 의학 지식과 인식 을 반영하기 때문이었다. 본 연구는 5개 근대영한사전을 개요하고 46개의 질병어를 선택 한 기준을 기술했다. 또한, 전염병 관련 질병명이 다수를 차지하는 이유를 당시의 정부의 전염병 예방 규칙 과 관련하여 살펴보았다. 또한 1925년 사전에 새로 추가된 용어, 과거 와 현재 질병명의 공존을 조사한다. 아울러, 고유어 번역, 1925년 사전과 현대 사전 간의 번역 연속성, 현대에서 음역된 질병명 등의 분석을 통해 문화적, 사회적 맥락을 탐구한 다. 이 연구는 한중일 질병명의 역사적 변천과 상호 교류를 근대이중어사전을 통해 제시 하였다.

본 연구는 소나무재선충병 피해지의 식생복원을 위해 조림된 편백을 대상으로 토양개량제의 처리 효과를 조사하기 위한 목적으로 수행하였다. 2007년 소나무재선충병 피해지에 모두베기 후 조림된 8년생 편백을 대상으로 2013년부터 2016년까지 4년 동안 목탄과 톱밥을 두 수준의 복합비료 (N6:P4:K1, N3:P4:K1)에 혼합 처리한 토양개량제 처리구와 무시비구(대조구)를 대상으로 임목 생장, 토양 및 잎 양분 특성을 조사하였다. 조사기간 동안 흉고직경 또는 수고 생장량과 측정시기에 대한 선형회귀식의 회귀계수(slope)는 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, Biomass 증가량은 토양개량제 처리구와 대조구 사이의 회귀계수에 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 그러나 복합비료의 시비 수준의 회귀계수는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 토양 EC를 제외한 토양 호흡, 토양온도, 토양수분 함량, 토양 pH는 토양개량제 처리구와 대조구 및 시비 수준 사이에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 토양의 화학적 특성 중 유기탄소와 전질소 농도는 토양개량제 처리구가 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 낮은 값을 보였으나, 유효 인, 교환성 칼슘 및 마그네슘은 토양개량제 처리구가 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 크게 나타났다. 잎의 질소 및 인 농도는 토양개량제 처리구가 대조구에 비해 증가하였으나, 칼륨과 마그네슘 농도는 처리 간 차이가 없었다. 본 연구 결과에 따르면 소나무재선충병 피해지 식생복원을 위한 편백 조림지에 토양개량제 처리는 양분 유효도의 향상 및 조림목의 바이오매스 증가에 기여할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.