This study is to manufacture a titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalyst by recycling sludge generated using titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) as a coagulant. Compared to general sewage, a TiCl4 coagulant was applied to dyeing wastewater containing a large amount of non-degradable organic compounds to evaluate its performance. Then the generated sludge was dried and fired to prepare a photocatalyst (TFS). Scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and nitrogen oxide reduction experiments were conducted to analyze the surface properties and evaluate the photoactive ability of the prepared TFS. After using titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) as a coagulant in the dyeing wastewater, the water quality characteristics were measured at 84 mg/L of chemical oxygen demand (COD), 10 mg/L of T-N, and 0.9 mg/L of T-P to satisfy the discharge water quality standards. The surface properties of the TFS were investigated and the anatase crystal structure was observed. It was confirmed that the ratio of Ti and O, the main components of TiO2, accounted for more than 90 %. As a result of the nitric oxide (NO) reduction experiment, 1.56 uMol of NO was reduced to confirm a removal rate of 20.60 %. This is judged to be a photocatalytic performance similar to that of the existing P-25. Therefore, by applying TiCl4 to the dyeing wastewater, it is possible to solve the problems of the existing coagulant and to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide generated, using an eco-friendly sludge treatment method. In addition, it is believed that environmental and economic advantages can be obtained by manufacturing TiO2 at an eco-friendly and lower cost than before.

The conditions for minimizing dyes and additives when dyeing cellulose fibers such as linen, ramie, and hemp fabrics were obtained using glucose, an organic reducing agent. Dyeability and colorfastness were measured through repeated dyeing. The overall surface dyeing concentration followed the linen>hemp>ramie order, and most of the colors were in the range of PB (PurpleBlue). As the glucose concentration increased, the blue series was strengthened, and the color was dark and clear. It was determined that glucose the concentration of 4g/L was appropriate for minimizing the amount of dye. When the dyeing temperature was 30℃, the surface dyeing concentration was the highest, and the color was dark and clear. Although the dyeing concentration increased as NaOH concentration increased, 3g/L (pH 12.37) was considered appropriate for the minimum NaOH concentration, which becomes gradual after the dyeing concentration increased rapidly. It was found that the surface dyeing concentration, when repeated six times for 5 min, was better than that of dyeing once for 30 min. Washing, rubbing, and perspiration colorfastness were all found to be excellent in grades 4–4-5, and colorfastness to light was excellent in grades 5 of linen and hemp and grade 4 of ramie.

In this study, natural dyeing using Polygonum tinctoria was performed with linen, ramie, and hemp, which are biodegradable cellulose fibers, considering environmental aspects. In particular, the impacts of alkali NaOH and reducing agent Na2S2O4 were examined, and the possibilities of minimizing the use and reusing the dye were explored. The surface dye concentrations were found to be in the following order: hemp>linen>ramie. With the increase in all additives, the L* value decreased, and the ⊿E and K/S values increased gradually. When Na2S2O4 was 1g/L, the surface color of the dye appeared uniformly from the NaOH concentration of 0.4g/L (pH 10.84). When NaOH was 0.4g/L, the K/S values of linen and ramie increased rapidly after 0.4g/L of Na2S2O4, and hemp maintained a stable color from 0.6g/L of Na2S2O4. With the increase in the dye concentration from 1 to 6g/L, all the fibers were dyed uniformly. The K/S value increased or higher doubled upon repeated dyeing six times for 5 min than when dyed only once for 30 min. Therefore, the linen, ramie, and hemp fibers dyed repeatedly exhibited good washing, rubbing, and colorfastness to perspiration, which was rated between 4 and 4–5, and that to light was rated as 5. Moreover, no discoloration due to sunlight was observed. Finally, linen exhibited a bacterial reduction of 99.9%, thereby indicating its excellent antibacterial property.

전통염색지인 아청지(감지 : 쪽물 염색지)의 재현을 위해 고문헌 감지의 색상을 조사한 후 인도 쪽 분말과 전통니람법에 의해 제조한 염색한지의 염색특성을 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 인도산 쪽 분말로 제조한 염액으로 1회 염색한 경우 염색시간이 증가함에 따라 염착량과 색차 모두 증가하였으 며, 특히 염색시간 15분까지는 급격히 증가하였으나 이후 85분까지는 매우 완만하였다. 그러나 2회차에는 염색시간이 5분에서 40분까지는 색차나 염착량 모두 1회때 보다 약간 높거나 거의 같았으나, 40분 이후에는 오히려 감소하였다. 따라서 염색시간은 15분~30분 정도가 적정할 것으로 생각된다. 전통니람을 전통발효에 의해 얻은 쪽물로 반복염색(1회: 15분 염색, 15분 발색)하면서 염색횟수에 따른 색상을 비교한 결과, 1회의 염색에서의 색상은 1.9G로 그레이톤이었으나, 염색횟수가 증가함에 따라 색상도 G→BG→B→PB로 변화하며 색차와 염착량 모두 증가하여 고문서 감지의 색상인 PB는 8회의 염색한지에서 나타났다. 고문서 감지의 색차, 염착량 및 색상과 비슷한 염색횟수는 30번째로 색차 9.82, 염착량 8.56, 색상 6.0PB였다. 그러나 염색횟수는 염액의 인디고 함량에 크게 좌우되며, 인디고 함량이 높으면 염색횟수는 단축 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

본 연구에서는 고등학교-대학 연계 학과 전공체험 프로그램을 개발하여 적용하였다. 프로그램은 메이커 교육과 성장 가능성이 큰 스마트의류 테크놀로지를 접목시켰다. 첫째, P(준비) 단계에서는 스마트의류 및 메이커 교육에 대 한 선행 연구의 내용을 파악하여 스마트의류 테크놀로지를 염색 디자인 교과목에 접목하였다. 둘째, D(개발) 단계에 서는 잉크젯 프린터용 전사지를 이용한 전사염, 전도성 실과 LED 전구를 이용한 스마트의류 테크놀로지를 적용하 여 감성에코백을 만드는 프로그램을 개발하였다. 셋째, I(실행) 단계에서는 의류학 전공을 희망하는 고등학생 17명을 대상으로 수업을 진행하였다. 마지막으로 E(평가) 단계에서는 스마트의류 테크놀로지를 적용한 메이커 교육 프로그 램의 만족도를 5점 척도로 측정하였다. 그 결과 4.95점으로 매우 만족하는 것으로 평가되어, 기존 프로그램에 릴리패 드 아두이노를 추가한 심화 프로그램을 제안하였다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 전도성 실과 전사염을 적용한 감성에코백 개발 프로그램은 스마트의류 테크놀로지에 보다 쉽게 접근할 수 있어 의류학 전공에 관한 고교 학생들의 생각을 확장시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다.

Traditional tie-dyeing is widely implemented in the clothing handicraft culture in China, South Korea, and Japan. Since it was developed 2,000 years ago, it has become a popular method of fabric making in the world and is highly respected by fashion designers. Based on the existing traditional tie-dyeing methods, this study conducted specific research on the 3D printing technology of the SLS laser method and the micro tool design application method of the clamp-dyeing process. Through the experimental methods of this study, it proposes to use the “7000 Nylon” material, which is commonly used in 3D printing, to develop a new clamp-dyeing tool. This new tool can be widely used in the clamp-dyeing of fabrics, such as cotton, hemp, silk, and some chemical fibers. The applied method and principle can be consistent with the traditional clamp-dyeing method. Therefore, the innovation of tie-dyeing technology is the best protection measure for the development and inheritance of traditional fabric making. The continuation of artistic life needs originality, which is also the best response to market competition. At the same time, this new design of the clamp-dyeing tool has the characteristics of novelty, innovation, and rich changes, which aligns with the new fashion demands of current fabric design.

본 연구의 목적은 율피 색소로 1제형 산성 염모제를 제조하여 1제형 산성 염모제의 단점인 색상의 발색력을 높이고 오랜 지속력을 살펴보는 것이다. 이를 위해, 분광측색계를 이용하여 염색력을 측정하고, 모발의 퇴색 정도를 살펴보기 위해 광학밀도(O.D.) 값을 측정하였으며, 모발의 탄력성은 인장강도를 측정하여 분석하였다. 각 레벨의 모발 시료에 대해 다른 방치 시간과 처리 방법을 적용한 결과를 비교한 결과, 20분간 열처리한 실험군이 가장 높은 염색력을 나타내었다. 이어 자연방치 40분, 열처리 10분, 자연 방치 20분 순으로 확인되었다. 그리고 10레벨까지 올라갈수록 색상 표현이 높아지는 것을 확인하였다. 그러나 10레벨에서는 3일 후에도 약간의 수분 손실이 발생하고 인장강도도 낮은 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 앞으로 뷰티 업계가 다양한 천연염색 성분이 함유된 1제형 산성 염모제를 대중화하여 현대인의 웰빙과 건강한 심신을 유지하는 데 도움을 줄 것을 시사한다.

본 연구는 인디고 염료로 모발에 도포하여 염색효과와 모질 특성 변화를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법은 인디고 염료를 중탕하여 사용하였다. 염료를 건강모와 탈색한 시료 모발에 도포 후 열처리와 자연방치 시간을 다르게 하였다. 측정은 시료별로 도포 전과 후를 측정하여 비교 분석하였다. 염색효과를 알기 위해 색차계를 이용하여 L*, a*, b*값과 물 빠짐을 측정하였다. 모질 변화를 알기 위해 인장강도, 메틸렌블루를 이용한 흡광도, 광택을 측정하였다. 결과는 염색효과 측정 결과 모든 시료에서 L*값, a*값, b* 값의 도포 전과 후의 통계분석 결과는 유의미한 결과로 염색 효과가 있었다. 물 빠짐 측정결과는 1일차에는 가장 많이 빠졌고, 3일차부터는 더 이상의 물 빠짐이 없었다. 인장강도 측정결과는 모든 시료의 평균값은 증가하였다. 그러나 통계분석 결과 유의미하지 않은 결과로 모질의 특성 변화는 없었다. 메틸렌블루를 이용한 흡광도 분석결과 건강7L(3)을 제외한 시료에서 통계분석 결과 모질의 특성 변화는 없었다. 광택 측정결과는 통계분석 결과 광택에 변화를 주는 것을 알 수 있었다. 결론은 인디고 염료에 의한 모발 염색효과가 있었고, 모질의 특성 변화는 광택은 있고, 인장강도와 흡광도 변화는 없었다. 차후 다양한 염색 처리 방법 연구와 신뢰성과 객관적 결과를 위한 측정 연구가 필요하다.

The purpose of this research was to revive the bathochromic effects of wool fabrics by using natural dyestuffs with minimum heavy metallic mordants. The natural dyestuffs used in this research were the indigo plant, Phellodendron amurense, and Caesalpinia sappan. Sample no. 1 was pre-dyed five times with indigo. Sample no. 2 was pre-dyed five times with indigo and then once dyed with Phellodendron amurense. Following the same method as sample no. 2 with an additional Phellodendron, Sample no. 3 consisted of a pre-dye five times with indigo and twice with Phellodendron amurense. Sample no. 4 was pre-dyed six times with indigo and then once dyed with Caesalpinia sappan. Sample no. 5 followed the same method as no. 4 with an additional dye of Caesalpinia sappan. Sample no. 6 was pre-dyed five times with indigo and then once dyed with Phellodendron amurense and once dyed with Caesalpinia sappan. The results were as follows: first, all samples showed deeper colors. Second, according to the results of the surface K/S measurement, the surface K/S of wool fabrics was >20. Third, the results of lightfastness measurement showed superiority over grade 4 in samples no. 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6. However, sample no. 4 was grade 3. In the colorfastness to washing measurement, sample no. 2 showed greater superiority than grade 3—4, while samples no. 1 and 3 were grade 3. In addition, the colorfastness to dry cleaning for all samples was satisfactory or excellent by more than grade 3.

The aim of this study is to define the new expressive techniques for multicolored clamp resist (hyuphill) dyeing, based on empirical verification on relics that are estimated to be dyed by the exchange of more than two wood blocks: a previously undiscovered technique. Clamp resist dyeing (assumed to be made by exchanging wood blocks) have uneven resist printing lines or cloudy gradation. These are reproduced as follows: first, they have uneven contour lines, particularly with the color blue. It is possible to exchange wood blocks separately on patterns with uneven resist printing lines, and it has been verified that the exchange of wood blocks makes these irregular resist printing lines. It has also been verified that exchanging the wood blocks according to the gradation (to emphasize the cubic effect on the patterns) yields clamp resist dyeing with no resist printing lines but with cloudy gradations that have accented borders. This study provides basic information that enables methods of multicolored clamp resist dyeing through wood block exchange to be deduced (something that has not been attempted for a long time). Thus, the revival of the modern Korean dyeing culture based on the conservation and perseverance of the traditional dyeing techniques can be achieved.

본 연구는 국내에서 육종한 품종인 ‘Pink Aurora’ 장미를 보존화로 가공하는 기술의 개발에 관한 것으로 탈수와 탈색 처리를 위한 에탄올의 침지시간과 염색을 위한 보존용액의 온도와 침지시간를 구명하고자 수행하였다. 탈수는 먼셀 H값에서 붉은 색이 완전히 빠지고 시간이 길어질수록 황색이 짙어짐을 고려해 볼 때 12시간이 가장 효과적이었다. 보존용액 처리에 서는 채도값을 나타내는 C의 차이는 크지 않았지만 온도가 높고 처리시간이 길어질수록 색의 맑기가 높아졌다. 낮은 온도 에서 침지시간이 길어짐에 따라 화형의 감소율이 낮았다. 24 시간 건조 후 무게는 모든 온도 처리에서 침지시간이 길어질 수록 53~47% 감소하였고, 건조 48시간의 25℃에서 6시간 침 지에서 73%, 24시간 침지에서 68%의 감소율을 나타내 침지시간이 길어질수록 감소율이 낮았다. 따라서 에탄올로 12시간동 안 탈수하여 염색 보존액을 25℃에서 24시간동안 처리하는 것이 가장 효과적이라고 생각된다.

본 연구는 친환경적이고 감성적인 패션상품의 색채기획을 위한 자료를 제공하고자 수행되었다. 쪽과 괴화로 복합 염색 후 무매염 견직물과 4종의 매염제(Al, Cu, Fe, Zn)를 처리한 견직물에 대하여 색채특성을 측정하였다. 또한 복합염색 후 매염처리된 연두색 견직물에 대하여 여대생을 대상으로 색채감성과 색채 선호도를 조사하였으며, 색채 특성과 색채감성이 색채 선호도에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 쪽/괴화로 복합염색된(무매염) 견직물은 선 염색한 쪽 농도가 10 g/ℓ이면 녹색, 쪽 20 g/ℓ을 사용하면 청록색을 나타내었으며, 4종의 매염제를 사용하여 처리시 거의 모든 경우 연두색을 나타내었다. 연두색을 나타내는 복합염색된 견직물 10종의 색채감성을 요인분석한 결과, 유쾌성, 품위성, 편안성 요인으로 분류되었으며, 이러한 색채감성은 쪽 농도와 매염제의 종류에 따라 대부분 유의한 차이를 보였다. 또한 복합염색된 연두색 견직물의 색채특성과 색채감성요인 간에는 대부분 유의한 상관성을 보여, L＊값, b＊값, C＊값이 크고 a＊값이 작을수록 유쾌성과 편안성 감성을 더 강하게 느끼며, L＊값이 작고 a＊값이 클수록 품위성 감성을 더욱 느끼는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 쪽과 괴화로 복합염색하고 매염처리한 연두색 견직물의 색채감성요인을 예측변수로 활용할 수 있는 색채 선호도 예측 회귀식이 제안되었다.

This study measured dyeing properties under different dyeing conditions and levels of antimicrobial activity when man-made fibers are dyed with gallnut, including rayon, tencel, tencel blended fabric, soybean fiber, and nylon non-mordanted. The dye up-take (K/S), color (L*a*b*), and color differences (△E) were measured with a colorimeter, and the number of bacteria present in the dyed fabrics were determined using Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia as strains. The results are as follows: First, the optimal dyeing conditions for man-made fibers dyed with gallnut are 60 minutes of dyeing time and a 80℃ dyeing temperature. Second, gallnut dye is most effective on soybean fiber and then, in descending order of effectiveness, on nylon, rayon, tencel, and tencel blended fabric. This means that dyeing properties of nitrogen containing fibers are excellent when using gallnut. Third, all man-made fibers are dyed brown with gallnut. This implies dyeing possibility of man-made fibers about gallnut dye, so development and supply of natural dyed goods of man-made fibers can be increased. Fourth, in all man-made fibers dyed with gallnut extract, both Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia show 99.9% reduction ratios of fungistasis, which indicate antimicrobial activity. Therefore, safe, functional, man-made materials can be developed to relieve symptoms from and treat patients with skin ailments.

본 연구에서는 인체 친화적이고 환경 친화적인 패션제품 소재기획을 위한 기초 자료를 제시하고자 수행되었다. 이를 위해서 4종의 섬유소 소재를 대상으로 염색조건을 달리하여 천연 쪽 염색을 실시하여 색채특성과 색채감성을 평가하였으며, 이러한 특성이 선호도에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 쪽 염색된 직물은 모두 중, 저명도와 저채도의 남색(PB)을 구현하였다. 이들 직물의 색채특성은 섬유종류와 염색조건에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였다. 쪽 염색된 직물에 대한 색채감성은 스포티 감성, 클래식 감성, 내추럴 감성 등 3가지 요인으로 분류되었다. 이러한 색채감성은 섬유종류와 염색조건에 따라 부분적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 또한 쪽 염색 직물의 색채특성과 색채감성 요인 간에는 부분적으로 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 쪽 염색 직물의 색채 선호도에 영향을 주는 요인으로는 색채감성 요인 중에서 클래식 감성과 스포티 감성, 색채특성에서는 L*값인 것으로 나타났다.

The development of Indonesian textile design is mostly based on culture and tradition. The Indonesian government has cultural preservation program (Indonesian constitution, no 5, 1992), to promote Indonesian local culture in sustaining tradition by exploring the possibility of shifting the function of traditional textiles from ceremonial purposes to becoming commodity products. The shifted function into product commodity creates new market and situation among Indonesian craft-makers. This situation also happened for stitch resist dyeing technique, which is an Indonesian traditional textile technique used to manufacture traditional fabrics in three regions, namely tritik cloth in Yogyakarta, pelangi cloth in Palembang, and sasirangan cloth in Banjarmasin. Stitch resist dyeing, as a particular form of resist dyeing technique, is a textile technique that creates patterns in various shapes with small holes along the line of stitching, as a mark of any stitched resist pattern. Most of this technique are done manually, which are generally recognized as being time-consuming. This study will focus on preserving the stitch resist dyeing technique by producing elaborate description about the technique, focusing on the organisational structure and supply chain. The study will use a combination of ethnographic and soft system methodology. The methods use in this study are questionnaires, interviews, and observation. By producing rich pictures from each survey area, describing the character of the organisational workflow of stitch resist dyeing enterprises in Indonesia. Finally, this study discusses the critical points of the supply chain in the stitch resist dyeing enterprises that are related to the production capacity and quality. The unprecedented long chain of the process and the sense of ownership from the craft makers consider the main aspects in supporting the practices.

The introduction of natural dyes into modern dye houses is very promising green chemistry concept that should be popularized more to reduce the dependency of leather dyeing on some toxic and non-biodegradable synthetic dyes. In this study, the properties of dyeing of cochineal on cow leather were evaluated. The proper dyeing conditions were identified with dye uptake (K/S values) depending on the colorant concentration, dyeing duration, dyeing temperature, and dye bath pH. For the proper mordanting conditions, color changes for different mordants were observed as La*b* and H V/C values. Color fastness (light, rubbing, and dry cleaning) was also examined. Additionally, antibacterial properties and UV protection were examined. The results were as follows: The optimized dyeing conditions were 300% o.w.f., 40°C, 40 min., and pH 5. The cow leather color was red in the absence of mordanting, while it was red purple after being mordanted with Al and Cu, and purple mordanted with Fe. The K/S value of cow leathers increased in the order of the dyeing using AlK(SO4)2>CuSO4>FeSO4. The colorfastness to light and rubbing were reduced compared to original (untreated) cow leather. However dry cleaning fastness was very satisfactory, with a 4~5 rating. The dyed and pre-mordanting dyed cow leather showed excellent antibacterial properties.

This study was carried out in order to provide useful data for planning fabrics of summer eco-friendly fashion products. The fabrics used in this study were four cellulose fibers: cotton, cotton/mulberry blended, flax, and flax/lyocell blended. Dyeing with natural indigo was carried out under three different reducing conditions (i.e., general, eclectic, and eco-friendly) that have different reducing agent and pH levels, and hydrosulfite and glucose were used as a reducing agent. The dye uptake (K/S value) of fabrics dyed with natural indigo by a reducing condition was the highest at 660nm. Regardless of the fabrics, dye uptake was the highest under the general reducing condition and the lowest under the eco-friendly reducing condition. Under different reducing conditions, the dye uptake of natural indigo fabrics with the maximum absorption wavelength indicated a difference. The colorfastness of cellulose fabrics that were dyed with natural indigo had a rate of 4 to 5 except for rubbing fastness, which indicated good colorfastness. Additionally, natural indigo-dyed cotton and flax fabrics had good antibiosis. When the color characteristics of fabrics dyed with natural indigo were measured, all of the three reducing conditions created purple blue (PB) colors, and the color characteristics of dyed fabrics by reducing condition and fabric showed significant differences.

본 연구의 목적은 트리아세테이트와 흡한속건성 PET 합연사로 구성된 복합직물의 염착량 증진 및 동일색상 염색 (union dyeing)을 위한 최적 혼합염색 조건을 찾는 것이다. 이를 위하여 E-type 분산염료(C.I. Disperse red 50)와 S-type 분산염료(C.I. Disperse red 92)를 혼합하여 1욕 혼합염색으로 염색온도, 염색시간, 염료의 혼합비율에 따른 염색직물의 흡진율, 염착율, 색상 및 색차를 측정하였다. 혼합염색의 염착평형은 100℃에서 일어났으나 염색된 직물의 K/S 값과 겉보기 색상을 비교해보았을 때 트리아세테이트와 흡한속건성 PET의 색이 동일한 색으로 발현되는 온도는 120℃임을 확인하였다. 염색 시간 증가에 따른 혼합염료 흡진율과 염착량의 변화는 크게 나타나지 않았으나 염색시간이 길수록 그리고 혼합염료를 사용할 경우 균일한 색상을 얻을 수 있었다. E-type에 S-type염료의 혼합비율을 적절히 조절하여 혼합염색 하면 단독염색 보다 E-type 염료의 색상과 차이 없이 염착량을 증대시킬 수 있었다.

Natural dye extracted from Salicornia bigelovii was applied to silk fabrics by dip dyeing process. The dyeing properties and the functionalities of the silk fabrics were determined. Factors affecting the dyeing properties such as dyestuff concentration, temperature, time and pH were studied. The colorimetric parameters L*, a*, b*, and H, V/C values were measured to select the optimal mordanting conditions. The colorfastnesses of the dyed and mordanted fabrics were estimated for practical use; in addition, the antibacterial property, ultraviolet protection properties were evaluated. The dyeabilities of silk increased depending on the increasing dye concentration, dyeing time, and dyeing temperature. And optimum dyeing results were achieved when dyeing with 300% (o.w.f.) of dye concentration at 90℃ for 100 minutes and at pH 3. The dyed silk fabrics without mordants produced yellow (Y) color and showed yellow (Y) or green yellow (GY) colors depending on the mordants type. The light fastness of dyed and Al mordanted silk fabrics were found to be excellent, and the drycleaning and rubbing fastness were good. The dyed silk fabrics showed no antibacterial property, but Al and Cu mordanted silk fabrics showed 99.9% reduction rate. The ultraviolet protection properties of the dyed silk fabric was improved. And the ultraviolet protection properties of mordanted samples showed very good ultraviolet protection properties.

The purpose of this research is to revive the colors of combination dyeing and mixed dyeing with natural dyestuffs. The fabrics used were cotton and rayon. The natural dyestuffs used in this research were indigo, Phellodendron amurense, and Caesalpinia sappan. The effects of combination dyeing were as follows. First, all samples showed deeper colors. Second, according to the results of the surface K/S measurement, while the surface K/S of cotton was over 15, that of rayon was over 17. Third, the results of the light fastness measurement showed the superiority (by over grade 4) of all the samples, except in the case of rayon fiber sample no. 6 (which had been pre-dyed with indigo five times before being dyed with P. amurense once and then being dyed with C. sappan once). In the color fastness to washing measurement, all fibers showed superiority (by over grade 3~4). In addition, the color fastness to dry cleaning of all fibers was satisfactory or excellent (by over grade 3). Fourth, according to the results of the tensile strength measurement, it tended to decrease in the case of cotton and increase in the case of rayon. Fifth, the results of the density measurement showed that the density of cotton decreased by about 15~20% in the case of warp and 10% in the case of weft for all samples. The density of rayon decreased 20% in the case of warp for all samples and increased 30% in the case of weft for all samples.