Laser can be used to precisely and locally modify the properties of superconductors. Their crystal structure and charge distribution can be altered by applying focused energy, thus affecting their microstructure and electrical properties. This technique enables the design and development of new materials with enhanced performance for various applications. This paper focuses on the effect of laser irradiation on the thermal, structural, and electrical properties of the Bi1.9Sb0.1Ba1.9Y0.1Ca2Cu3O10+δ superconducting compound. Samples were exposed to heat for 48 h at 900 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C/min. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies were performed and the diffraction results showed that all samples had a regular orthorhombic crystalline structure and that the lattice constants (a, b, c) changed with irradiation compared to the unirradiated sample. A significant increase in the c/a axis, lattice size high-temperature phase (HTP) was also observed after irradiation. The content of the high-temperature phase increased to 81.47 %. The topographical nature of the samples was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and a change in the formation of nanosized grains was found in the samples. Using an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) device, elemental analysis was performed to detect the presence of different elements and determine their proportions in each sample. The critical temperature was also determined. The results showed that when the sample was exposed to radiation, the highest critical temperature was 114 K.

Al–Mg co-doped ZnO thin films were fabricated by a sol–gel spin-coating process to investigate the effect of dopant ratio on their structural, electrical, and optical properties. The total dopant concentration was fixed at 3 mol%, while the Al-to-Mg ratio was systematically varied in AlxMg0.03-xZn0.97O (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.03). X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the films maintained a hexagonal wurtzite structure with a preferred (002) orientation up to an Al concentration of 1.5 mol%, whereas higher Al contents resulted in a degradation of crystallinity due to exceeding the solid solubility limit of Al in the ZnO lattice. Hall effect measurements revealed a decrease in carrier mobility with increasing Al content, attributed to enhanced ionized impurity scattering, while the carrier concentration and electrical conductivity reached optimal values at an Al–Mg co-doping ratio of 1.5 mol%–1.5 mol%. All films exhibited high optical transmittance in the visible region, with the highest average transmittance of approximately 83% observed at the same composition. These results demonstrate that controlling the Al/Mg dopant ratio is crucial for optimizing the performance of ZnO-based transparent conducting oxide thin films.

AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) are widely employed in power electronics and high-frequency systems because of their high-speed switching and high-power capabilities. However, conventional structures suffer from issues including mobility degradation and device deterioration at elevated temperatures, as well as current collapse and increased gate leakage under high-voltage operation. To address these issues, this work proposes metal-oxidesemiconductor HEMTs (MOS-HEMTs) incorporating an Al2O3/HfO2 stacked gate dielectric. Al2O3 provides excellent chemical stability at the AlGaN interface, reducing interface trap density, while its wide bandgap suppresses electron tunneling and lowers gate leakage. In contrast, HfO2 offers a high dielectric constant, improving oxide capacitance and enhancing charge control even at the same physical thickness. The stacked Al2O3/HfO2 structure leverages the complementary advantages of both materials, enabling threshold voltage stabilization and effective suppression of leakage current. This design mitigates the thermal and electrical reliability concerns of conventional HEMTs and paves the way for high-performance GaN-based devices suited to next-generation high-speed, high-power applications such as artificial intelligence, 5G communication, and LiDAR systems.

In this paper, considering the temperature characteristics relevant to the climatic conditions of our country, an experimental study was conducted to investigate whether the electrical characteristics of transformer insulating oil vary with changes in electrode configuration and temperature. To achieve this objective, three representative electrode types—the sphere electrode, the plate electrode, and the needle electrode—were selected to simulate the different electric field distributions commonly encountered in transformer systems. Based on these electrode types, six electrode combinations were examined: sphere-sphere, plate-plate, sphere-plate, needle-needle, sphere-needle, and needle-plate configurations. To evaluate the influence of gap spacing on insulation performance for each electrode combination, the distance between electrodes was systematically adjusted in four incremental steps of 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 mm. Furthermore, the ambient temperature of the insulating oil was varied at four levels 0, 10, 20 and 30 °C, to reflect typical operating and environmental conditions. The electrical properties under these conditions were analyzed to determine the combined effects of electrode geometry and temperature variation on the insulating characteristics of transformer insulating oil.

Carbon fibers (CFs) are notable for their lightweight, high strength, and excellent electrical conductivity, making them promising for applications like electrical wiring. However, integrating CFs into copper-based wiring systems faces challenges, particularly regarding conductivity loss in fractured CFs. This article discusses a two-step experiment to enhance electrical and mechanical connection. Electrothermal-induced solvent evaporation (EISE) and meniscus-confined electrochemical deposition (MECD) were identified as effective methods for welding fractured CFs and were successfully implemented in open-air environment. Deposition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) around the fiber improved conductivity by reducing fiber-tofiber contact resistance and creating a metal-like surface. Microstructural analysis and EDS analysis revealed that the CNT cladding exhibited high density and fewer irregularities and bulges in the joint area. Furthermore, the CNTs were tangled, forming a less organized structure compared to the original CF. In contrast, the Cu cladding exhibited paint-like coverage, significant irregularities, bulges, and cracks but maintained a small thickness. Electrical testing revealed that the average resistance of a single joined fiber decreased to resistance of 11.45 Ω and an electrical resistivity of 2.27 Ω/m, demonstrating improved electrical conductivity. Under optimal conditions, the joined fibers exhibited plastic fracture, and all joints showed improved performance except joint 1.e-g enhanced mechanical strength and stress tolerance.

The Al-Fe-Mg-Cu-B system aluminum alloy is used for electrical wire, but is severely deformed by the multi-pass drawing process when a rod with a diameter of 12 mm is greatly reduced to 2.0 mm. This study investigated the changes in the microstructure, mechanical properties, and electrical properties of the aluminum wire during the drawing process in detail. The as-drawn aluminum alloy wire exhibited a deformation structure in which the grains were greatly elongated in the drawing direction, particularly in the specimens subjected to more than 80 % reduction in cross-sectional area (RA). For all drawn specimens, the fiber texture of the {110}<111> and {112}<111> components was mainly developed. The hardness tended to increase with increasing RA due to work hardening. In particular, when the RA increased to 97 % a great increase in hardness resulted. The specimen with an RA of 97 % showed the highest tensile strength of 288 MPa, 2.2 times higher than that of the specimen before drawing. The electrical conductivity decreased slightly with increasing RA, even in specimens with extreme increases in RA, and it remained at an average value of 56.6 %IACS.

Transparent and conducting SnO2 and SnO2/Ag/SnO2 (SAS) films were deposited on glass substrates by magnetron sputtering at room temperature. The effect of the SnO2 target power and Ag interlayer on the visible transmittance and electrical properties of the film was considered. Although all the SnO2 films had an amorphous structure under all sputtering power conditions, SnO2 films deposited at a target power of 60 W showed a lower resistivity of 2.25 Ω cm and a lower surface roughness of 1.4 nm. The average visible transmittance also varied with target power conditions. The average visible transmittance increased from 73.7 % (40 W) to 76.3 % (60 W) and then decreased to 73.2 % (80 W). When all films were compared, it was found that the SnO2 films deposited at 60 W had a higher figure of merit of 2.98 × 10-7 Ω-1. In addition, the SnO2 films with a Ag 10 nm interlayer showed a lower resistivity of 4.28 × 10-5 Ω cm and a visible transmittance of 70.58 %. The Ag interlayer in the SnO2 films increased the figure of merit to 7.88 × 10-3 without substrate heating or post-deposition annealing. The observed results confirm that the optical and electrical properties of SnO2 films can be enhanced by optimizing the sputtering target power condition and the thickness of the Ag interlayer, respectively.

원자력발전소에 설치되는 안전관련 기기는 높은 수준의 내진성능을 확보하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 대표적인 안전관련 기기 인 전기 캐비닛을 대상으로, 열반(multi-bay) 구성 및 콘크리트 기초 열화와 같은 실제 설치 조건을 고려하여 내진성능을 평가하였다. 실제 현장에서는 전기 캐비닛이 열반 형태로 설치되는 경우가 많으며, 지지부 열화의 대표적 형태로 앵커 위치에서의 콘크리트 균열이 자주 발견된다. 이러한 조건을 반영하기 위하여, 앵커 위치에 균열 폭 0.5 mm 및 1.0 mm를 모사한 균열 기초와 건전한 기초를 대상 으로 실험체를 제작하였다. 실험체는 단순화한 전기 캐비닛 모델로서 단독(single-bay) 및 2기 열반(two-bay) 구성을 적용하였으며, 선설치 앵커로 고정 후 진동대를 이용한 한계상태 내진성능 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과, 균열이 없는 조건에서는 2기 열반 구성이 단독 구성보다 높은 내진성능을 보였다. 그러나 균열 조건에서는 2기 열반 구성에서 내진성능이 저하되는 경향이 나타난 반면, 단독 구성은 유의미한 성능 저하가 관찰되지 않았다.

Carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers were synthesized in this study under a hydrogen atmosphere using the floating-catalyst chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. Acetone, ferrocene, and thiophene served as the sources of carbon, catalyst, and promoter, respectively. By adjusting the amount of thiophene, the sulfur molar ratio in the CVD reactor was varied to study its impact on the morphology and composition of the CNT fibers. Raman and TEM analyses showed that the structural properties of the CNTs, especially the production of single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) with a high Raman IG/ ID ratio of approximately 23.8, can be finely tuned by altering the sulfur content, which also affects the accumulation of spherical carbonaceous particles. Moreover, it was established that the electrical conductivity of the CNT fibers is significantly influenced by their specific components—SWCNTs, multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs), and spherical carbonaceous particles. The ratios of these components can be adjusted by modifying the molar ratios of catalyst and promoter in the precursor mixture. Remarkably, SWCNTs with enhanced crystallinity were found to substantially improve the electrical conductivity of the CNT fibers, despite the presence of numerous spherical carbon impurities.

The structural, thermal, and electrical characteristics of the superconducting Bi2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10+δ compound are the main subjects of this work. The solid-state reaction (SSR) method was used to prepare the samples. The samples were placed in a furnace and heated at 820 °C for 70 hours at a heating rate of 5 °C/min. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies were then performed on the prepared samples. XRD results revealed an orthorhombic crystal structure with variations in the lattice constants a, b, and c (where a = 5.416, b = 5.432, and c = 36.5 Å). The highest superconducting transition phase fraction (HTP%) was 78.76 %. The composition and morphology of the superconducting compound were studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Images were taken at 20 kX magnification, where we observed nanoparticles with a size of 86.65 nm had formed. The elemental analysis of the sample was conducted with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and the results showed the presence of different elements and their proportions for each sample. Thermal conductivity was also measured and it was found that the sample conductivity increased with increasing temperature. The electrical resistivity was examined, and it was observed that the resistivity decreased as the sample was cooled. The results showed that the highest initial critical temperature was 131 K, while the zero critical temperature was 114 K.

TiO2/Ag/TiO2 (TAT) tri-layer films were deposited using radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering and direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering on a glass substrate, and then rapid thermal annealed at 150 and 300 °C for 10 minutes. The influence of annealing temperature on the optical and electrical properties of the films was investigated. As annealing temperature was rapidly increased from room temperature to 300 °C, the grain size of the TiO2 (004), (204) and Ag (200) increased from 36.8, 14.3, 22.1 nm to 43.2, 16.6, 23.4 nm, respectively and the electrical resistivity decreased from 4.64 × 10-5 Ω cm to 2.79 × 10-5 Ω cm. Also, the average visible transmittance increased from 82.7 % to 84.9 %. In addition, the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of TAT films was also increased to 31.7 db after annealing at 300 °C. These results demonstrate that post-deposition rapid thermal annealing is an effective method for enhancing the electrical and optical properties of TAT films.

Piezoelectric composites have attracted significant research interest as sustainable power sources for electronic devices due to their high mechanical stability and electrical output characteristics. This study investigated the optimal processing conditions for fabricating a flexible piezoelectric energy harvester based on Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) powder and a polyimide (PI) matrix composite. Various parameters, including the optimal mixing ratio of PI/PZT, ultrasonic treatment, homogenization, vacuum oven, and UV/O3 treatment, were optimized to achieve a uniform piezoelectric composite. A PZT content of 30 wt% and 20 minutes of homogenization were identified as the most effective conditions for increasing the uniformity of the composite. The optimized composite exhibited a high piezoelectric coefficient, a typical P-E hysteresis loop, and dielectric properties, exhibiting a voltage output that adjusts in response to variations in the applied touch force. This study provides foundational data for the uniform fabrication of flexible piezoelectric energy harvesters and next-generation miniaturized electronic devices.

일반적으로 전기 패널은 용접이나 앵커링을 통해 기초에 설치된다. 콘크리트 기초-앵커 시스템에서 고려해야 할 열화 요인에 는 콘크리트 기초의 균열이 포함된다. 콘크리트 균열은 전기 패널의 앵커에 영향을 미치는 열화 현상 중 하나로 간주될 수 있다. 또한 독립반 및 열반된 전기 패널의 동적 특성은 상당히 다를 수 있다. 그러나 많은 연구자들이 하나의 전기 캐비닛 시편으로 진동대실험을 수행하였다. 따라서 열반 구성을 고려하여 동적 특성을 평가할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 0.5 mm 및 1.0 mm 균열 폭을 고려하여 콘크리트 기초-앵커 시스템을 설계하였다. 콘크리트 기초-앵커 시스템을 진동대에 고정하고 1∼3개의 열반으로 구성된 단순화된 캐비 닛 모델을 설치하였다. 열반 수와 콘크리트 균열을 매개변수로 고려하여 진동대에 의한 공진주파수 검색 실험을 수행했으며 각 실험편 의 공진 주파수를 비교하였다.

In recent years, electric shock accidents at industrial sites continue to occur, and various measures are being taken to reduce accidents. Among them, safety education is mentioned as a basic measure for the prevention of industrial accidents and the protection of workers. This study attempted to empirically analyze the effect of electrical safety education on safety consciousness and safety behavior and verify whether it is effective. To this end, a total of 343 people, including workplace managers and workers, were surveyed, and frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and simple linear & hierarchical regression analysis were conducted using the SPSS 24.0 statistical program. As a result of the analysis, first, it was found that the higher the electrical safety education, the more positive (+) effect was on the safety consciousness. Second, it was found that the higher the electrical safety education, the more significant positive (+) effect was on safety behavior. Third, it was found that the higher the safety consciousness, the more positive (+) effect was on safety behavior. Finally, it was verified that safety consciousness plays a partial mediating role in the influence of electrical safety education on safety behavior.

This study systematically analyzed the causes of recurring electric shock accidents using accident analysis techniques and attempted to suggest implications for accident prevention. 124 electrocution death accidents that occurred from 2017 to 2022 were analyzed and classified into four factors(organizational influence, unsafe supervision, preconditions for unsafe acts, and unsafe acts) using the HFACS technique. As a result, First, in terms of organizational influence, many issues related to organizational processes were found, and the main causes were the lack of a safety management manual for electrical work, the lack of risk assessment, and the lack of safety procedures for electrical work. Second, in terms of unsafe supervision, the main causes were inappropriate operations such as not assigning a work supervisor during work or the lack of actual management and supervision. Third, in terms of preconditions for unsafe acts, the main causes were physical and technical problems such as not performing power outage work or not taking protective measures for live parts. Fourth, in terms of unsafe acts, the main causes were analyzed to be violations of safety procedures such as workers mistaking a power outage or not recognizing a current leakage condition, making a wrong judgment of the situation, and shortening the work time and working without safety measures for work convenience. Additionally, when examining whether the personal characteristics of those who died from electric shock had significant differences in unsafe behaviors, it was confirmed that there were significant differences in violations or decision-making errors depending on the industry and electrical-related major.

최근 정부는 노동정책의 일환으로 노동시간과 임금체계 개편을 추진하고 있다. 그러나 제조업 교대제 사업장에서 근무하는 상당수 생산직들은 여전히 노동시간과 연동된 시급제를 적용받고 있다. 이런 실정 에서 정부는 노동시간과 임금체계를 연계하지 않고 각각의 영역에서 따로 변화를 추진하고 있어 정책의 실효성에 의문이 제기되고 있다. 본 연구는 자동차부품업과 전기전자업 사례를 통해 교대제와 임금산정방식 사이의 관계를 살펴보고, 교대제 개편이 이루어질 경우 임금산정방식이 시급제에서 월급제로 전환 가능성을 모색하였다. 분석 결과, 첫째 월급제 친화적인 교대제가 일부 존재하고, 둘째 노동시간 단축과 동시에 월급제를 시행하면 과거로 되돌아가지 않으려는 비가역성(irreversibility)이 높으며, 셋째 월급제 시행으로 인해 수당이 간소화 되고 기본급과 수당의 통합되는 임금구성의 합리화 효과가 발생하였음을 발견하였다. 한편, 월급 제 시행과 노동자들의 근태 사이의 상관성이 낮아 교대제와 임금산정방식의 변화에 있어서 사용자 반대 를 완화하고 노사간 이해 조정 가능성을 확인하였다. 이런 분석 결과를 바탕으로 교대제 사업장 개편과 임금산정방식인 시급제를 월급제로 전환하기 위한 다양한 정책적 시사점을 도출하고 향후 연구과제를 제안했다.