본 연구는 플랫폼 시대에 K-Culture가 한국의 소프트파워를 어떻게 형성하고 확장해 왔는지를 문화사회 학적 관점에서 분석하였다. 나이(Nye)의 소프트파워 이론과 부르디외(Bourdieu)의 문화장 이론을 토대로, K-Pop, 드라마, 디지털 콘텐츠, 팬덤, 국가 정책 간 상호작용을 고찰하였다. 팬덤의 사회운동화, 감정 서사 를 중심으로 한 콘텐츠, 플랫폼 알고리즘과 수용자의 문화 번역 사례를 통해 K-Culture가 감정, 기술, 정체 성 정치가 교차하는 복합적인 문화 실천임을 규명하였다. 아울러 플랫폼 종속, 콘텐츠 획일화, 팬덤 의존, 문화 다양성 부족 등 소프트파워의 구조적 한계를 진단하고, 윤리적 공감과 문화적 포용성에 기반한 지속 가능한 전략을 제안하였다.

“Mu mi” is a type of fragrant tree. Also known as honey fragrance, wood fragrance and other names in ancient books. And there are four major regions in the growth area of “Mu mi”. It often used in conjunction with “sandalwood”, and has significant importance in Buddhist activities. However, upon examination of Chinese Buddhist scriptures, it was found that the writing of “mi (櫁)” has various forms of variant script. This article integrates relevant variant texts in Buddhist scriptures, examining the use of characters in Buddhist scriptures from three perspectives: diachronic, synchronic, and edition. It explores the use of characters for the name of the “mu mi” tree and the relationships between various variant texts.

With increasing globalization and the urgent need for sustainable energy solutions, electrochemical water splitting has emerged as a crucial technology for clean energy production. In this study, we report the successful synthesis of 0.1 % Fe-doped NiS2 via a one-step hydrothermal method. The incorporation of Fe into the NiS2 matrix significantly enhances its electrochemical performance, as evidenced by a remarkable reduction in overpotential, to 180 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2, compared to 250 mV for undoped NiS2. Additionally, the Fe-doped NiS2 exhibits a reduced Tafel slope, high double layer capacitance, and lower charge transfer resistance than undoped NiS2, indicating improved reaction kinetics for oxygen evolution. These improvements are attributed to the enhanced conductivity and catalytic activity imparted by Fe doping, which facilitates more efficient charge transfer and reaction processes at the electrode surface. The results suggest that Fe-doped NiS2 is a highly promising and robust candidate for applications in electrochemical energy conversion. Moreover, the doping strategy employed here offers a valuable approach for tailoring the properties of other metal sulfides and chalcogenides, paving the way for the design of next generation electrocatalysts that can drive large-scale energy conversion processes with minimal energy loss.

독일은 지난 1995년 공동체 또는 사회적으로 제공되는 형태의 삶을 보장하고자 사회보험 방식에 수발보험 을 도입하여 2025년 현재 30년의 시간을 맞이하였다. 수발보험 시행 20년 이후 소위 수발강화법 (Pflegestarkungsgesetz I, II, III)을 통해 발생되는 문제점들을 나름 해결해 왔기에, 본 연구는 독일의 공적 수발보험 개혁에 초점을 맞추고 수발보험의 형성 역사와 발전에 대한 개요를 인구 변천과정에서 살펴보면 서 다양한 수발급여와 등급판정 및 수발인력의 고용관계 상황을 파악해 보았다. 특히 2023년 최신 수발보 험 개혁을 비판적 시각에서 분석하여 독일의 경험을 통한 우리의 개혁과제를 제시해 보았다.

Yuan yin (元因) used to be a common Chinese word, but it was replaced by yuan yin (原因), but we still don’t know the exact evolution of the word. This paper concludes that yuan yin (元因) was first used in the Tang Dynasty and was widely used in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. The word yuan yin (原因) was first used in the late Song and early Yuan dynasties, and gradually replaced yuan yin (元因) in the Ming dynasty, and then completely replaced it in the Qing dynasty. The original, fundamental meaning of yuan (原) is more intuitive and clearer than that of yuan (元), which is the root cause of the replacement of yuan yin (元因), and the most popular theory of “avoiding the fear of the Yuan Dynasty” is wrong. Yan yin (言因) is yuan yin (元因) of the loanwords, regional strong, only circulated in the southern region, especially common in Fujian, we can rely on the use of Yan yin (言因) to partially help determine the place of publication of the work.

Zaoye (造業) has appeared in the documents of pre-Qin Dynasty, indicating the establishment of a career. The extensive spread of Chinese-translated Buddhist scriptures gives Ye (業) a specific Buddhist connotation, which refers to the corresponding results produced by various thoughts and behaviors. Ye (業) is associated with Nie (孽) after biased towards evil karma. The thesis examines the semantic and usage frequencies of Zaoye (造業), Zaonie (造孽), Zaonie (遭孽), Zaoye (遭業), Zuoye (作業) and Zuonie (作孽) in historial documents and dialect materials, arguing that the phonetic and semantic proximity of the morphemes readily results in semantic blending among these words. Zaoye (造業) in Southwestern Mandarin expresses pity. Zaonie (造孽) in Southwestern Mandarin, Xiang, Gan and Hakka dialect expresses pity. Zaonie (遭孽) in Jianghuai dialect and Southwestern Mandarin also expresses pity. Zaoye (遭業) in Beijing dialect expresses pity. Zuonie (作孽) in Jianghuai and Wu dialect expresses pity. Based on the literal semantics of the word Zaoye (造業), it is not possibe to deduce why the word can express pity. The thesis suggests that Zaoye (造業) expresses pity because it is confused with word Zaonie (遭孽). Zaonie (遭孽) means suffering from bad things, which leads to the meaning of pity. Due to the phonetic similarity and semantic overlap between Zaoye (造業) and Zaonie (遭孽), Southwest Mandarin dialect areas use the simple character form Zaoye (造業) to express pity.