Recently, the demand for the miniaturization of printed circuit boards has been increasing, as electronic devices have been sharply downsized. Conventional multi-layered PCBs are limited in terms their use with higher packaging densities. Therefore, a build-up process has been adopted as a new multi-layered PCB manufacturing process. In this process, via-holes are used to connect each conductive layer. After the connection of the interlayers created by electro copper plating, the via-holes are filled with a conductive paste. In this study, a desmear treatment, electroless plating and electroplating were carried out to investigate the optimum processing conditions for Cu via filling on a PCB. The desmear treatment involved swelling, etching, reduction, and an acid dip. A seed layer was formed on the via surface by electroless Cu plating. For Cu via filling, the electroplating of Cu from an acid sulfate bath containing typical additives such as PEG(polyethylene glycol), chloride ions, bis-(3-sodiumsulfopropyl disulfide) (SPS), and Janus Green B(JGB) was carried out. The desmear treatment clearly removes laser drilling residue and improves the surface roughness, which is necessary to ensure good adhesion of the Cu. A homogeneous and thick Cu seed layer was deposited on the samples after the desmear treatment. The 2,2'-Dipyridyl additive significantly improves the seed layer quality. SPS, PEG, and JGB additives are necessary to ensure defect-free bottom-up super filling.

This study is about the qualitative safety assessment for hydrogen gas filling facilities in Korea operating with one-bank type. The purpose of this safety assessment is about the development of components for design, fabrication, assembly, operability of dispenser and systems of the safety. For the qualitative safety assessment method, the study used FMEA(failure mode & effect analysis) and HAZOP(hazard & operability). This study evaluated the safety through FMEA and HAZOP then by referring to P&ID and PFD of hydrogen dispenser, thereby examining the dangerousness of the equipments, defects of the structure and problems of the operation.

침지식 막결합형 연속회분식 생물반응기에서 폐수의 도입단계가 제거효율과 여과성능에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 호기성 단계의 초기에 공급할 경우(Mode-1)와 무산소 단계의 초기에 공급할 경우(Mode-2)에 대하여 89일 동안 동시에 운전하였다. COD 제거효율과 여과성능은 2가지 운전방식 간에 큰 차이가 없었다. 그러나 영양염류(총질소와 총인)의 제거효율에 있어서 Mode-2가 Mode-1에 비해 보다 효과적이었다. Mode-2의 경우 COD, 총질소 및 총인의 제거율은 각각 99.1, 73.3 및 77.7%이었다.

목적: PRP(범안저레이저광응고술) 시행 전에 측정한 망막정맥충만시간의 절대치 뿐만 아니라, PRP 시행 전과 후에 그 변화량을 평가함으로써, 그 변화량과 신생혈관 진행과의 연관성을 규명하고자 하였다. 방법: 증식당뇨 망막병증으로 본원에서 PRP를 시행한 환자 중 PRP 전과 후에 형광안저촬영을 시행하였던 환자 32안을 주사형 레이저검안경을 이용한 형광안저촬영 시행 후 2주 내에 PRP를 시작하였고 PRP 시행 3~5개월 후에 다시 형광안저촬영을 시행하였다. 결과: 망막정맥충만 시간의 PRP 전 후의 변화는 안정화된 군에서는 -0.99±1.60초 감소하였고 불안정화된 군에서는 0.30±1.69초 증가하였으며 독립 T-검정상 망막정맥충만시간의 변화는 통계적으로 유의하였다(P

Filling of the tool die directly influences dimensional tolerances and density variation. To minimize the variations in filling, both within different sections of the cavity and from part to part, are of great importance for produce high quality P/M parts. Filling of the tool die is also one of the limiting factors in the productivity in powder pressing. By using aeration filling in combination with bonded powder mixes, both weight scatter and productivity can be improved. In this presentation results are presented showing the benefit of using aeration filling for different types of powders

The filling property of the binder treated iron based powder made of atomized iron powder was compared with that of the one made of reduced iron powder. The latter one showed a better filling property than the former one, although the original reduced powder showed a worse flow rate. Changing the particle size distribution of the original atomized powder from wide to narrow like the original reduced iron powder, improved the filling property of the binder treated powder. As a result, the particle size distribution of the original iron powder was found to strongly affect the filling property of the binder treated powder.

최근 노후화된 철근콘크리트 구조물에 대한 FRP를 이용한 보강공법의 적용이 증가하고 있다. 하지만 휨 보강에 대해서는 연구로 인해 정량적인 평가로 인해 효율적인 설계가 가능하지만, 전단보강의 경우에는 파괴메카니즘을 완전히 규명하지 못하는 상태이다. 본 연구에서는 전단보강근이 있는 철근콘크리트보에 매립형 CFRP를 전단보강하여 보강효과를 파악하고자 실험을 수행한 후, 실험결과를 토대로 분석 및 고찰을 통해 정량적인 보강효과를 도출하고자 한다. 시험체 제작시 실험변수로는 전단보강근의 간격과 보강방향으로 하여 시험체를 10개 제작하여 실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과, 전단보강근 간격과 보강방향에 따라 CFRP의 보강효과는 다소 차이를 보였다.

철근콘크리트구조물은 시간이 경과함에 따라 노후화현상이 일어난다. 이에 갱생수단으로 보수 보강이 이루어지고 있다. 현재 보강재료로써 FRP가 높은 관심과 더불어 많은 활용을 하고 이에 대한 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 전단보강근이 없는 철근콘크리트보에 매립형 탄소섬유막대(CFRP)를 전단보강하여 그에 따른 효과를 파악하기 위해 시험체를 제작하여 실험을 수행하였다. 전단보강근이 없는 철근콘크리트보에 매립형 탄소섬유막대(CFRP)를 전단보강하여 탄소섬유막대(CFRP)의 순수전단내력을 파악하고, 전단보강에 따른 시험체의 전단파괴거동을 파악하고자 한다. 또한 실험변수를 탄소섬유막대(CFRP)의 보강량과 보강간격으로 두어, 이에 따른 전단보강효과를 파악하고자 한다.

In this paper we presented numerical method for the simulation of powder injection molding filling process, which is one of the key processes in powder injection molding. Rheological properties of powder binder mixture such as slip phenomena and yield stress were introduced into the numerical analysis model of powder injection molding filling simulation. Numerical model can be classified into two types. One is 2.5D model which can be introduced to a arbitrary thin geometry and the other is full 3D model which can be applied to a general 3D shape. For 2.5D model we showed the validity of our CAE system with several verification examples. Finally we suggested flow analysis model for 3D powder injection molding filling simulation.

Effect of ball filling ratio on the behavior of balls motion and their collision characteristic in a tumbler-ball milling of metal powder are investigated by a computer simulation. The discrete element method and the extended Kelvin model composed of nonlinear spring and nonlinear dashpot were employed in the simulation. It can be possible that analysis of the individual balls motion in a three-dimensional actual mill by the two-dimensional model simulation, since the simulated trajectories of ball paths are in relatively good agreement with the actual ones. It knows that the balls motion in the tumbler-ball mill is strongly influenced by the surface conditions of the balls and mill container wall. The energy consumption of the individual balls during impact and the impact frequency of the individual balls increased with an increase in the ball filling ratio and showed maximum values at about 50-60% ball filling ratio, and then decreased.