We investigated the effect of band gap engineering on the thermoelectric properties of n-type Cu0.008Bi2Te3 using the two-band (TB) model. The experimental measurements showed a zT of ~0.41 at 300 K and ~0.46 at 520 K, with an optical band gap of ~0.13 eV. While fixing the density-of-state effective mass (md *), deformation potential (Edef), lattice thermal conductivity (κl), and Fermi level based fitted based on experimental data, we varied the band gap (Eg) from 0.1 to 0.3 eV to analyze its impact on the thermoelectric performance. The TB model calculations revealed that the power factor (PF) increased and the thermal conductivity (κ) decreased with increasing Eg at both 300 K and 520 K, leading to an enhancement in zT. The magnitude of this enhancement was more pronounced at 520 K than at 300 K, which can be attributed to the suppressed bipolar effects at higher temperatures. Our findings suggest that increasing the band gap of Cu0.008Bi2Te3 can significantly improve its thermoelectric performance, to an estimated maximum zT of ~0.61 at 520 K for Eg = 0.3 eV. The theoretical maximum zT, considering the optimized hole concentration (nH), was estimated to be ~0.75. We demonstrate that Eg engineering of narrowbandgap semiconductor thermoelectric materials can significantly enhance thermoelectric performance.

An 8-month-old, neutered male, Korean short hair cat was referred for a closed locked jaw. Physical examination and computed tomography(CT) revealed an old trauma fracture with the absence of synovium at the left temporomandibular joint suggestive of left temporomandibular joint ankylosis. Gap arthroplasty successfully eliminated clinical signs, aided by the 3D printed model of the patient’s skull and piezosurgical unit. The major complication, temporal ipsilateral facial paralysis and reankylosis, were auspiciously managed through constant ocular lubrication and early rehabilitation.

본 연구는 21대 총선 당시 이슈 및 정치인 평가에 있어 젠더 격차가 존재했는지 여부와 우리나라 여성 유권자가 서구 국가의 여성 유권자와 같이 현대적 젠더 격차를 나타냈는지 아니면 전통적 젠더 격차에 머물고 있는지를 분석했다. 분석 결과 이슈 평가는 현대적 젠더 격차와 전통적 젠더 격차가 혼재하는 양상을 보였다. 국가보안법과 집회/시위 자유 이 슈에서는 여성 유권자가 남성 유권자보다 보수적 선호를 보여 전통적 젠 더 격차를 보였지만 여성할당제, 한미동맹, 교육 평준화 이슈에서는 여성 유권자가 남성 유권자보다 진보적 성향을 보이며 현대적 젠더 격차를 드 러냈다. 반면 정치인 평가에서는 우리나라 여성 유권자의 현대적 젠더 격차가 보다 선명하게 확인되었다. 당시 선거에서 여성 유권자는 남성 유권자와 비교해 진보적 성향의 정치인에게 호감을 나타냈을 뿐만 아니 라 진보적인 정치인 중 여성 유권자와 젠더가 동일한 여성 정치인에게 더 호감을 나타냈다.

Korea is facing a significant problem with historically low fertility rates, which is becoming a major social issue affecting the economy, labor force, and national security. This study analyzes the factors contributing to the regional gap in fertility rates and derives policy implications. The government and local authorities are implementing a range of policies to address the issue of low fertility. To establish an effective strategy, it is essential to identify the primary factors that contribute to regional disparities. This study identifies these factors and explores policy implications through machine learning and explainable artificial intelligence. The study also examines the influence of media and public opinion on childbirth in Korea by incorporating news and online community sentiment, as well as sentiment fear indices, as independent variables. To establish the relationship between regional fertility rates and factors, the study employs four machine learning models: multiple linear regression, XGBoost, Random Forest, and Support Vector Regression. Support Vector Regression, XGBoost, and Random Forest significantly outperform linear regression, highlighting the importance of machine learning models in explaining non-linear relationships with numerous variables. A factor analysis using SHAP is then conducted. The unemployment rate, Regional Gross Domestic Product per Capita, Women's Participation in Economic Activities, Number of Crimes Committed, Average Age of First Marriage, and Private Education Expenses significantly impact regional fertility rates. However, the degree of impact of the factors affecting fertility may vary by region, suggesting the need for policies tailored to the characteristics of each region, not just an overall ranking of factors.

PURPOSES : Basic research to calculate the appropriate gap acceptance for autonomous vehicles at merging section. Research on whether users prefer short or long gap acceptance. METHODS : Using a driving simulator, experience autonomous driving with different gap acceptance in different weather condition, and analyze which gap acceptance is preferred using survey and biometric data. RESULTS : Regardless of the weather condition, long gap acceptance was preferred, and difference was especially clear in rainy or foggy situation. CONCLUSIONS : It was analyzed that users prefer long gap acceptance over short gap acceptance, and that they feel less frustrated due to long gap acceptance when weather condition is poor.

While social media marketing opens a variety of new windows for enlightening brand–customer relationships, a gritty puzzle is that brand recognition does not invariably echo with customers’ perceived value. This provokes the need to uncover the missing pieces in bridging the gap between brand recognition and customer perceived value. This research falls within the innovative new work in the marketing literature in positing co-creation as a crucial mediator in facilitating the impact of brand recognition on customers’ perceived value. Based on social identity theory, we also investigated how co-creation is moderated by virtual communication identification in influencing customers’ perceived value towards a brand. We conducted a survey via a sample of 386 current Gogoro customers. Gogoro is the biggest and most well-known Taiwanese producer of electric scooters. Our findings contribute to the extant marketing research by emphasizing that the key stimulus of increased customer perceived value towards a brand is active co-creation initiatives via virtual brand communities, and that the effects of co-creation are further strengthened when customers’ virtual communication identification is high.

The attitude-behavior gap and intention-behavior gap has not been research extensively. The purpose of this study is to provide a review of moderating or mediating factors on the relationship between intention or attitude and behavior of sustainable tourism. Intention was defined as the degree of a human being’s resolve to perform a certain action. The construct ‘Intention” has been used widely in some theories like the Theory of Planned Behavior. Researchers usually include the intention construct into their research framework to explain the theoretical mechanism. Sustainable or ecological tourism education has been implemented for years and empirical evidence provides us that almost all tourists are alerted to the importance of sustainability. There is a great challenge that tourists’ behavior might not concur with their intention. Policymakers and marketers really want to know the real factors affecting the association between the intention and behavior of sustainable tourism. Tourists’ purchase intention is a rational process and is affected by safety. Tourist behavior is associated with price and service environment which is a mixture of rational and emotional considerations.

사주명리학 이론 중에 용신이론(用神理論)은 몸의 정신에 비유할 정도로 운 명을 추론(推論)하기 위한 가장 핵심이론이다. 용신(用神)은 일간(日干)의 역량 을 저울질하여 음양의 균형을 맞추고 오행의 구성과 조화를 기준으로 구(求) 한다. 이러한 용신(用神)의 종류와 취용법은 다양하다. 대표적 사주명리서 중에서 滴天髓는 중화사상을 근본으로 억부, 통관, 조 후, 병약용신을 취용하며, 또한 강한 기세를 따르는 종화론(從化論)을 원칙으 로 취한다. 子平眞詮은 격국에서 취하는 격국용신을 쓰며 순용용신과 역용 용신을 취한다. 窮通寶鑑은 십간을 12월에 배치하여 주용신과 보좌용신을 두며, 전체적으로 조후용신을 기반으로 하지만, 오행의 기능적 용신(用神)역할 이 스며들어 있다.窮通寶鑑 <희용제요>와 본문의 내용이 일치하지 않는 15개 부분 중 가을 甲木과 1월 庚金의 용신을 계절의 관점과 오행의 관점에서 체(體)와 용(用)으로 비교하고, 원문 검증하여 고정(固定)하였다. 비교 검토한 결과 窮通寶鑑은 조 후론을 기반으로 표현하지만, 철저한 오행의 상호기능적 관점이다. 계절의 관점 으로 본다면 가을의 甲木은 추수하는 계절에 결실이 목적이니 庚金을 우선한 다. 그러나 용신의 기능적 관점으로 보면 甲木을 보호하기 위하여, 먼저 丁火를 주용신으로 취하여 예리하게 제련된 庚金으로 수삭(修削)해야 한다. 窮通寶鑑의 용신(用神)은 오행의 역할에 따라 용신(用神)을 구(求)하고 그 용신(用神)은 세트로 짝을 지어 기능적 작용을 한다. 전체의 균형과 안정을 위 하여 필요한 각각의 기능을 상호의존적으로 수행하는 파슨스의 구조기능론과 부합된다. 즉, 甲木이 丁火로 인화(引火)하고, 인화(引火)된 丁火가 庚金을 제 련하고 제련된 庚金이 甲木을 벽갑(劈甲)하여 결실을 얻는다. 木生火, 火剋金, 金剋木의 생극제화 과정이다. 丁⋅庚⋅甲이 세트로 짝을 지어 임무를 수행하 는 상호기능적 관점의 용신(用神)특징을 갖고 있다.

Measurement of the physical properties of high-temperature molten salts is important for the efficient design and operation of molten salt reactors (MSR) in which the reactor coolant and nuclear fuel are in a homogeneous liquid state. Although some crucial physical properties such as viscosity, thermal conductivity, density, etc., have been drawing much attention, relative data, especially for molten chloride salts, are scarce. Thus, it is urgent to prepare the viscosity data as one of the key transport properties in thermal hydraulics analysis. However, it is not an easy task to measure the molten salt viscosity with high accuracy due to end effect, a small gap between the chamber and spindle, thermal expansion of the chamber and spindle at high temperatures in a rotational viscometer. Additionally, molten salt temperatures inside furnace are not uniform due to the large temperature gradient inside the chamber, and therefore the assumption of laminar condition can be violated. In this study, geometric factors, which can be a major interference in the torque measurement, were considered for the accurate determination of the viscosity. We established a high-temperature molten salt viscosity measurement system with Brookfield rotational viscometer. KNO3 molten salt was used as a model substance at a temperature range of 650–773 K. In-house designed spindles and chambers were made of corrosion-resistant alumina. Thermal expansion has a significant influence on the size and shape of the chamber and spindle. The effect of thermal expansion on the conventional correction method was examined with temperature variation and distribution. Gap size variation was also investigated in order to improve the accuracy.

In this study, a mixed resin containing Bis-GMA was developed to produce a light-emitting sign using quantum dots. As a result of measuring the viscosity, color coordinates change, and luminance of the mixed resin, the following conclusions were obtained. The viscosity of the mixed resin decreased as the content of the diluent increased, and viscosity values ​​ranged from 3,627 to 1,349cps showed as a result. The viscosity of the mixed resin decreased as the temperature increased, and the viscosity showed a value of 5,156 to 1,132cps. For the optical properties of InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS quantum dots, the absolute quantum efficiency was 91% at 522nm and 90% at 618nm when the gallium was 0.01%. The luminance of the light-emitting sign using the resin mixed with quantum dots was showed 142.6cd/m2 in white and 104.2cd/m2 in the red region.

In this study, controlling pattern gap was induced by deformation of the stretchable substrate. The pre-fabricated pattern was made by depositing an Au(gold) on the Si substrate, and PDMS(Polydimethylsiloxane) was used for the stretchable substrate in consideration of surface energy, formability, and viscoelastic characteristics. For uniform deformation of PDMS, it is manufactured in the form of a tensile specimen using a molding method. An external force is applied to the deformable substrate in the uni-axial direction using a self-manufactured JIG, and the Au thin film pattern is transferred to the substrate under tensile state. After that, the external force is removed, and the PDMS specimen is recovered to its initial state. At this time, it can be seen that the pre-fabricated pattern gap is shortened from the initial size due to the viscoelastic properties of the PDMS. As a result, it was characterized to deformation rate of the pattern gap according to elongation rate of PDMS.

DLC has been attractive as semiconductor materials for solar cell due to its biological friendliness, flexible microstructures, and especially its tunable band gap. In order to fabricate high-efficiency multiband gap solar cell, it is important to control the sp3/ sp2 bonds ratio of DLC film corresponding to optical band gap (Eg). There are many references reporting the relations among the fabrication conditions, Eg, sp3/ sp2, and ID/ IG. However, a more comprehensive database is needed for controllable fabrication. Especially, the quantitative relationship of sp3/ sp2 ratio to Eg of DLC film by PECVD is unclear. In this paper, 36 sets of DLC films were fabricated by RF-PECVD. Characterization methods of XPS, Raman spectroscopy, and IR absorption have been used to determine the sp3/ sp2 ratio of DLC films. UV/visible light absorption method has applied to evaluate Eg. The Eg obtained is in the range 1.45–3.0 eV. Our results agree well with the references. The XPS spectra gives a linear relationship as Eg = − 0.161 (± 0.136) + 26.095 (± 1.704) · {sp3 (XPS)/sp2}, the Raman spectra shows a linear function that Eg = 1.327 (± 0.046) + 0.428 (± 0.036) · (ID/IG), as well as the FTIR analysis demonstrates that Eg = − 0.492 (± 0.093) + 0.464 (± 0.044) · {sp3 (FTIR)/sp2}.