In this study, the performances of H2S, NH3, and HCl sensors for real-time monitoring in small emission facilities (4, 5 grades in Korea) were evaluated at high concentration conditions of those gases. And the proper approach for the collection of reliable measurement data by sensors was suggested through finding out the effect on sensor performances according to changes in temperature and humidity (relative humidity, RH) settings. In addition, an assessment on sensor data correction considering the effects produced by environmental settings was conducted. The effects were tested in four different conditions of temperature and humidity. The sensor performances (reproducibility, precision, lower detection limit (LDL), and linearity) were good for all three sensors. The intercept (ADC0) values for all three sensors were good for the changes of temperature and humidity conditions. The variation in the slope value of the NH3 sensor showed the highest value, and this was followed by the HCl, H2S sensors. The results of this study can be helpful for data collection by enabling the more reliable and precise measurements of concentrations measured by sensors.

Nano-sized SnO2 thick films were prepared by a screen-printing method onto Al2O3 substrates. The sensing characteristics were investigated by measuring the electrical resistance of each sensor in a test box as a function of the detection gas. The nano-sized SnO2 thick film sensors were treated in a N2 atmosphere. The structural properties of the nano SnO2with a rutile structure according to XRD showed a (110) dominant SnO2 peak. The particle size of SnO2:Ni nano powders at Ni 8 wt% was about 45 nm, and the SnO2 particles were found to contain many pores according to the SEM analysis. The sensitivity of the nano SnO2-based sensors was measured for 5 ppm CH4 gas and CH3CH2CH3 gas at room temperature by comparing the resistance in air with that in the target gases. The results showed that the best sensitivity of SnO2:Ni and SnO2:Co sensors for CH4 gas and CH3CH2CH3 gas at room temperature was observed in SnO2:Ni sensors doped with 8 wt% Ni. The response time of the SnO2:Ni gas sensors was 10 seconds and recovery time was 15 seconds for the CH4 and CH3CH2CH3 gases.

저농도의 SF6를 포함하고 있는 기체 혼합물(10% SF6/70% N2/19% O2/1% CF4)로부터 SF6를 분리 및 회수하기 위한 PSF막과 PC막의 성능에 대하여 연구하였다. 회수된 기체 내의 SF6의 농도와 회수율 그리고 혼합기체(N2/SF6, O2/SF6, CF4/SF6)의 선택도는 배출 유량과 온도의 함수로 측정하였다. PSF막과 PC막 모두 회수된 기체 내의 SF6 농도는 배출 유량이 증가하면서 감소하였으며 온도가 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 동일한 실험조건에서는 PSF막에서 회수된 기체 내의 SF6의 농도가 PC막에서보다 높게 나타났다. 최대회수율은 298.15 K과 배출유량 150cc/min에서 PSF막의 경우 95.9%이고 PC막의 경우 67.8%를 나타냈다. CF4/SF6를 제외한 N2/SF6와 O2/SF6의 실제 선택도는 PSF막이 PC막보다 더 높게 나타났다.

일반적으로 LPCVD 방법에 의한 다결정 실리콘 박막은 SiH4가스를 열분해하여 증착한다. 본 실험에서는 다결정 실리콘 박막속에 포함된 산소농도를 낮추기 위하여 실리콘 웨이퍼를 반응로 안으로 장착할 때, 20slm의 N2가스를 반응로의 위에서부터 아래로 flow하였으며 박막의 산소농도를 측정하기 위하여 두께가 1000Å인 박막을 증착한 다음 SIMS로 분석한 결과 반응로의 hatch에 있는 짧은 injector를 통하여 20slm의 N2가스를 flow한 경우보다 박막의 산소농도가 ~30배 정도 낮아짐을 알 수 있었다. 긴 injector를 사용하여 증착된 박막의 두께 균일도, particle 및 Rs를 측정하여 박막증착의 재현성이 있음을 평가하였다.

Sulfate produced during anaerobic reduction limits the activity of methanogens but it is not reflected in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodology for estimating CH4 emissions. In this study, CH4 emissions from the Sudokwon landfill site were estimated by adopting a methane correction factor, which was determined through the relationship between the COD/sulfate ratio and CH4 generation. Although the gas originating from the Sudokwon landfill site has not produced any environmental problems in recent years due to gas collection and soil cover maintenance activities, CH4 emissions estimated by the IPCC methodology indicated that only 60% of the CH4 was recovered and the remainder was emitted into the atmosphere, suggesting a potential environmental problem. Accordingly, CH4 estimates determined according to IPCC methodology must be modified by adopting the methane correction factor and considering the effect of sulfate concentration.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of replacing 40% corn meal with three different types of barley (Youngyang, Wooho, and Yuyeon) on the chemical compositions, microbial indices, gas emission, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) content in feces of growing pigs. Sixteen pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) with an initial average body weight of 71 ± 2 kg were maintained in metabolic cages and randomly allotted to four treatments containing different sources of barley, for 23 days. The treatment with three different barley types replacing 40% ground corn showed no effect (P>0.05) on fecal chemical compositions, microbial indices, gas emission, and VFA. However, some differences (P<0.05) were noted in the chemical compositions of crude fiber and ash, and in the levels of Lactobacillus and Salmonella in the feces of the growing pigs. In conclusion, methane and hydrogen sulfide decreased by replacing 40% corn meal with Youngyang and Wooho barley, respectively.

라돈은 우라늄-238과 토륨-232가 방사성붕괴 과정을 거친 후 생성되며, 무색, 무취의 불활성 기체로서 지하 또는 밀폐된 공간에 축적된다. 우라늄-238과 토륨-232는 지각의 암석이나 토양 등에 포함 돼 있다. 건축자재는 암석이나 토양을 재료로하여 만들어 진다. 가스 형태의 라돈은 호흡기를 통해 폐로 유입되고 라돈의 딸핵종이 폐나 기관지에 침적 되어 폐암을 일으키는 원인이 된다. 본 연구는 광주광역시 광산구에 위치한 신축 아파트를 대상으로 창문을 닫고 열은 상태에서 라돈 측정기를 이용하여 측정하였다. 측정 결과로 보아 신축 아파트 실내 평균 라돈농도는 미국 일반인 공기 중 라돈가스 최대허용농도 기준치 4 pCi보다 이하의 값이 나타난다는 것을 볼 수 있다. 측정 결과로 볼 때 신축 아파트의 라돈농도로 인한 피폭은 크지 않을 것으로 예상한다. 그러나 라돈가스가 신체 내에 축적이 되면 폐와 같은 경우는 폐암과 같은 피폭에 의한 피해를 얻을 수 있으므로 방사선 방어적 측면에서 측정 결과와 같이 라돈 농도를 낮추기 위해 창문을 자주 열어 환기를 시켜 피폭을 줄이는 것이 필요하다고 생각 된다.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of mixed Korean red ginseng marc with aluminum sulfate on gas concentration and volatile fatty acid (VFA) in poultry litter during 4 weeks in terms of livestock and environment managements. A total of 240 broiler chicks were randomly allocated to four treatments in four replications and 15 birds per replicate. The four treatments was mixed to rice hull under each pen at 0, 10 g or 20 g red ginseng marc + 90g aluminum sulfate, and 100g aluminum sulfate per kg poultry litter (rice hulls). Carbon dioxide, methane, acetic acid, and propionic acids were measured weekly. The results that could be available include: First, during the experimental period, carbon dioxide emissions were not remarkably different among treatments. Second, no differences were observed among treatments in methane emissions at 2 weeks through 4 weeks, but at 1 week, the reduction in methane emissions was in following order: 100 g aluminum sulfate > 20 g red ginseng marc + 90 g aluminum sulfate > 10 g red ginseng marc + 90 g aluminum sulfate > control. Third, in spite of statistically differences, treatment with 10 g or 20 g red ginseng marc + 90g aluminum sulfate, and 100g aluminum sulfate reduced acetic acid and propionic acid as a function of time, except acetic acid in aluminum sulfate treatment at 2 and 4 weeks. In conclusion, the results indicated that like aluminum sulfate, using 10 g or 20 g red ginseng marc with aluminum sulfate was effective in decreasing methane and propionic acid released from poultry litter.

The aim of this study is to determine harmful radioactive gas(Rn^222)-concentrations in soils and to suggest the anormalous regions of Rn^222 -concentration in Taejeon area. The range of Rn^222 -concentration in the soils (45 samples) of the survey area is 100 to 2,475 (pCi/L) and mean±δ of those values is 489±05 (pCi/L). The 2% (4 samples) of soil-gas samples (45 ones) collected in the survey area is corresponded to high risk level, 53% (24 samples) to medium one and 43% (19 samples) to low one. Especially, The Rn^222-concentration is relatively higher in schistose granite region than in other rock units (two-mica granite and biotite granite) in the survey area. The Rn^222-concentration is propotional to the uranium contents in the soils. The soil hardness among the various factors is correlative with Rn^222-concentrations. To prevent the damage from Rn^222 -concentrations, it is necessary to close the cracks of underground structure and to consider methods reducing Rn222-concentration for the anormalous regions.