How the destination image is presented in terms of the content and the selected media is known to have a considerable influence on consumers. In the current study, we examined the effect of destination images of Japanese hot spring hotels through photographic images taken by actual hotel guests on intended customer engagement behaviors (CEB) and their evoked conceptualization of the hotels. By showing photographic images of two types of hot spring hotels (traditional/contemporary) to participants from the United States (Phase 1, n=154) and Japan (Phase 2, n=677), we found that the image of traditional hot spring hotels induced higher evaluations and stronger CEB. When participants were clustered based on their travel motivations, we also found that, in both inbound and domestic markets, more engaged tourists gave higher evaluations and stronger CEB. The results suggest that the relationship among key constructs tested in this study validates the conceptual perspective on the theory application of destination image and CEB to hotel operations. From a practical perspective, hotel managers should carefully reconsider the primary drivers that attract tourists to visit the site and stay at their hotel. In addition, when developing promotional materials, managers should also consider key features in the photographic image to create a desirable destination image to attract tourists to visit and recommend the property to others.

This study was performed as the preliminary research to calculate the concentration of radon exposure and the annual effective dose in public hot spring bath-house. The research found that public bathhouses are the primary cause of the indoor air radon concentration inside a hot spring bathhouse. The indoor radon concentration inside a bathhouse differs significantly by region and among bathhouses in the same region, indicating that the indoor air radon concentration is affected by many factors. The annual effective indoor radon dose by exposure is estimated to range from 1.2×10−2mSv/y to 2.5×10−2mSv/y. Since this research is considered as preliminary research, further and additional relevant research to more reliably calculate the result are necessary, including accumulative research for indoor radon concentrations, and research for exposure coefficients such as the behavior patterns of public bathhouse users, etc.

본 연구는 온천 배수의 유입이 소형 하천의 부착조류군집에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여, 전북 고창군 석정온천에 발원하는 하천과 그 주변의 소형 하천을 대상으로 1996년 2월부터 1998년 9월까지 계절별로 조사하였다. 온천 배수의 유입이 직접 일어나는 지점에서는 저온기에 남조의 Oscillatoria와 Phormidium이 중심이 된 독특한 남조피막이 형성되었다. 특히, 부착조류의 출현 및 군집구조는 온천 배수의 영향 하천과 비영향 하천간에 뚜렷한

This study is about microbiological analysis of makgeolli which was manufactured by general water or the Suanbo hot spring water. The viable cell count of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the makgeolli with the hot spring water was higher than that in the makgeolli with general water. At 9 d during storage at 10oC, the LAB cell count of makgeolli with general water reached 6.70 Log CFU/mL, whereas that of makgeolli with the hot spring water reached 7.30 Log CFU/mL, which indicates the hot spring water might stimulate the growth of LAB in makgeolli environment. Unlike LAB, the viable cell count of yeast in the makgeolli with general water was higher than that in the makgeolli with the hot spring water. At 21 d during storage at 10oC, the yeast cell count of makgeolli with general water reached 7.35 Log CFU/mL, whereas that of makgeolli with the hot spring water reached 6.96 Log CFU/mL. These results indicate the hot spring water can modulate the growth of LAB and yeast and positively function to the quality and shelf life of makgeolli. During the storage, the pH was not changed significantly.

오색 온천은 강원도 북동부 지역인 양양군 서면 오색리에 위치하고 있으며 온천 원수의 온도는 약 42℃이다. 온천 원수는 EC (196 us/cm), SO4 (10.88 mg/L), F (8.19 mg/L), 그리고 Na (37.09 mg/L)로 상당히 높은 값을 나타낸다. 온천 원수가 배출되는 배출구 부근에는 붉은 색과 검은색의 침전물이 형성되고 있다. X-선회절분석 결과 대부분 결정도가 낮은 철 수산화광물에서 관찰되는 회절선과 결정질의 메셀라이트로 구성되어 있다. 전자현미경 관찰 결과 침전물에는 외관상으로 구형과 막대모양의 박테리아와 유사한 형태들이 발견된다.

Twenty-two water samples(fifteen groundwater and seven geothermal water samples) were collected to elucidate chemical characteristics of the ground and geothermal waters in the Haeundae hot-spring area and its vicinity. Major and minor elements were analyzed for ground and geothermal water samples. The concentrations of K-, Na-, Ca2+, SO42-, Cl-, F+ and SiO2 were higher in the geothermal water samples than the groundwater samples except HCO3 and Mg2+ ions. Based on the contents of Fe, Zn, Cu, Al, Mn and Pb, some of the ground and geothermal water samples are contaminated by anthropogenic sources. The ground waters shown on the Piper diagram belong to Ca-HCO3 type, while the geothermal waters Na-Cl type. The graphs of Cl- versus Na+, Ca2+ Mg2+, K-, SO42- and HCO3- indicate that the groundwater is related partly with mineral-water reaction and partly with anthropogenic contamination, while the geothermal water is related with saline water. On the phase stability diagram, groundwater and thermal water mostly fall in the field of stability of kaolinite. This indicates that the ground and geothermal waters proceed with forming kaolinite. Factor and correlation analyses were carried out to simplify the physicochemical data into grouping some factors and to find interaction between them. Based on the Na-K, Na-K-Ca and Na-K-Ca-Mg geothermometers and silica geothermometers, the geothermal reservoir is estimated to have equilibrium temperature between 125℃ and 160℃.