Since the importance of integrated pest management to minimize environmental damage and maximize pest control effectiveness has emerged, efforts to put it into practice have continued. To implement IPM, it is necessary to estimate the economic injury level to determine the control method by identifying pests and weeds that damage the quantity and quality of crops in the field, investigating the occurrence level, and calculating the ratio of cost and effectiveness. Also, damage to host plants caused by increased density of insect pests appears to change plant’s health that key factor for managing crops. Therefore, understanding the relationship between the density of pests and the damage to the host plants is necessary. This study aims to analyze the causal relationship between the density of insect pests and damage to the host plants for estimating the economic injury level of insect pests on the host plants and investigating the possibility of pest control decision-making using plant health status.

This study was conducted to provide basic data on controlling boring insect pests by identifying the damage and the occurrence ecology of beetles, which are boring insect pests that seriously damage Castanea crenata, an income tree of mountain farms. By location, the damage rate was 62.5% at the foot of mountain, 61.4% at the mountain range, and 61.3% at the mountain peak. By region, the damage rate was the highest in Hapcheon at 65.3%, followed by 62.5% at Hadong and 58.1% at Jinju. The total number of adult fables was 171, followed by 49.1% (84) for Moechotypa diphysis, 39.2% (67) for Batocera lineolata, and 11.7% (20) for Anoplophora malasiaca. As for the male and female ratio of imago, Moechotypa diphysis had 51.2% (43) female and 48.4% (41) male. The percentage of emergence of beetles, which are boring insect pests appearing in the specimen collected by the survey area, was 46.0% in Hapcheon, 32.9% in Hadong, and 21.1% in Jinju. As for the prevalence of beetles, Batocera lineolata appeared from June 22 which is the first day of the emergence period to August 30, and the amount of emergence by the prevalence period was 3.0% in June, 46.2% in July, and 47.8% in August. Anoplophora malasiaca appeared from May 20 to July 20, and the amount of emergence by prevalence period was 5.0% in May, 10.0% in June, and 75.0% in July. Moechotypa diphysis first appeared from August 10 to September 30, and the amount of emergence by prevalence period was 1.2% in July, 51.2% in August, and 46.4% in September. As for the number of eggs laid by beetles, Anoplophora malasiaca laid 90±6, Batocera lineolate laid 75±5, and Moechotypa diphysis laid 60±6.

In urban areas in Korea, cherry trees belonging to genus Prunus are one of abundant trees. In this study, damage rates and characteristics caused by Synanthedon bicingulata (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) and Aromia bungii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in cherry trees were investigated. Entrance holes of S. icingulata larvae were found from the most cherry trees planted along road-side verges irrespective of tree ages, while Entrance holes of A. bungii larvae were generally found from old trees above 30 cm in diameter at breast height, especially planted on dry environments, such as pavement roads, wood deck and so on.

We describe an early angiosperm and a leaf mine ichnofossil from the Lower Cretaceous Potomac Group of Virginia, USA. The descriptions are based on a fossil leaf that was first reported in 1895 but identified as a fragment of a fossil fern. Leaf architectural features and sedimentological context indicate that this leaf was produced by an herbaceous eudicot angiosperm, possibly associated with Ranunculales. The leaf mine is a full depth linear-blotch mine with frass, a trace of puparium inside the blotch mine section, and feeding/oviposition-related puncture marks. The features of the mine are most consistent with those produced by agromyzid flies. This fossil extends the record of agromyzid flies by about 40 million years ago. This fossil provides evidence that agromyzid flies or their ancestors were feeding on herbaceous basal eudicots similar to modern herbaceous ranunculids during the Early Cretaceous, prior to the appearance and diversification of asterids. Our finding contradicts the previous hypotheses on the dipteran radiations associated with the past environmental changes. Insect feeding damages remained in fossilized leaves are currently considered as an important source for climate change studies. We review progresses in the study of the insect feeding trace fossils and their usefulness for monitoring environmental changes.

식물은 유도저항성이나 천적류의 공격활동 변화를 유발하여 관련 초식성 곤충류 간 상호작용관계에 불리한 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라 식물 체내 영양물질 동태나 타감물질 그리고 외부 형태적 변화 등을 통하여 초식곤충류에 유리한 영향을 미치기도 한다. 본고에서는 식물이 개재되었 을 때 초식 곤충류간의 상호작용 관계와 초식성 곤충 가해에 대한 식물의 여러 가지 반응특성과의 관계나 곤충류 생활사 특성이 초식성 곤충군집 의 구조에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고 그의 군집학적 의의를 고찰하였다.

본 연구는 2002년부터 2005년까지 배추와 양배추 재배지역에 발생하는 나비나방류의 발생종과 발생소장을 시설 재배지와 노지에서 조사하였다. 노지의 배추와 양배추에 발생하여 피해를 주고 있던 나비나방류는 배추좀나방(Plutella xylostella)과 배추순나방(Hellula undalis), 도둑나방(Mamestra brassicae), 담배거세미나방(Spodoptera litura), 파밤나방(Spodoptera exigua), 검은은무늬밤나방(Autographa nigrisigna), 배추흰나비(Artogeia rapae) 등 4과 6속 7종이 확인되었다. 시설 배추와 양배추에서 주요 나비나방류 해충 발생종과 피해량 및 발생을 조사한 결과, 배추에서는 4과 6속 7종이 조사되었는데 배추좀나방의 피해가 가장 심하였으며, 배추좀나방 유충의 발생최성기는 6월 하순으로 100주당 378마리가 조사되었다. 양배추에서는 3과 4속 5종의 해충이 확인되었는데 배추좀나방이 가장 많은 피해를 주었으며, 배추좀나방 유충의 발생최성기는 6월 하순으로 100주당 756마리가 조사되었다.

Insect pests attacking the leaf of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) were surveyed in environmentally frendly leaf-lettuce-greenhouses in Hwaseong, Namyangju, and Suwon from 2003 to 2004. Sixteen insect species of eleven families in eight orders were collected in greenhouses. Among them, Acyrthosiphon solani, Frankliniella occidentalis, and Autographa nigrisigna were the most serious pest species because of their damage ratio was over 30%. Population of Acyrthosiphon solani showed the highest peak one or two times between mid-April and early June in both the second and the third cropping period. Frankliniella occidentalis reached the highest peak one or two times, the first peak between mid-June and the late July, and the second peak between the mid-August and the mid-October. Autographa nigrisigna reached the highest peak one or times between early June and late July and in the mid-August to late October. The highest peak occurrence of A. solani was observed in early June as many as 4,836 nymphs and adults per 100 leaves. And for F. occidentalis it was in early July occurring 437 larvae and adults per 100 leaves, for A. nigrisigna in early October occurring 42 larvae per 100 leaves. The density of F. occidentalis and its damage as well was greater in soil culture than in hydroponic culture, but in case of both A. solani and A. nigrisigna no such difference between cropping systems was found.

1984년부터 1993년까지 해충 피해가 나타난 66개 인삼 포장에서 해충의 종류와 피해 양상을 조사하였다. 곤충유로 큰검정풍뎅이, 참검정풍뎅이, 큰다식풍뎅이, 애우단풍뎅이, 방아벌레, 땅강아지, 왕귀뚜라미, 조명나방, 숫검정밤나방, 도둑나방, 벼잎물가파리, 미동정 줄기굴파리류, 가루깍지벌레, 달팽이류도 들민달팽이와 명주달팽이 그리고 쥐류 및 꿩이 인삼을 가해하는 것으로 확인되었다. 이 중 큰검정풍뎅이, 참검정풍뎅이, 땅강아지, 들민달팽이, 명주달팽이의 발생빈도가 높은 편이었다. 인산의 지하부(뿌리) 피해는 경사지의 2년근 포장에서 춘기 (5~6월)과 추기(9~10월)에 나타나고 지상부(잎과 줄기) 피해는 평지의 3년근 이상의 부초 포장에서 춘기에 주로 나타났다. 3개 포장이 심한 지하부 피해로 인해 폐장되었다.

In this study, we investigated the disease, insect damage, growth, and yield characteristics of sorghum and foxtail millet in an organic paddy-upland rotation system at Anseong-si Gyeonggi province, Korea, in 2016. Seven varieties of sorghum and foxtail millet are used in this study. A rotational upland field and continuously cropped upland field were compared in order to establish an optimum cultural method and to select the best sorghum and foxtail varieties for a paddy-upland rotation system. The incidence rate of major diseases was higher for sorghum than for foxtail millet. Moktaksusu (22.8%) had the highest incidence rate among sorghum varieties. Hwanggeumchal (7.0%) had the highest incidence rate among foxtail millet varieties. DS202 (89.3%) was the most severely damaged by Ostrinia furnacalis larva, which is the main pest of sorghum and maize. The weed numbers, and the weed fresh and dry weights were lower in the rotational upland field than in the continuously cropped upland field. Futhermore, the number of weed plants decreased by 42% and the dry weight of weeds decreased by 33% in the rotational upland field compared to the continuously cropped upland field. The culm length of sorghum and foxtail millet were 7.9 cm, and 3.4 cm longer, respectively, in the rotational upland field than in the continuously cropped upland field. The average yield of sorghum per 10 a increased by 90% in the rotational upland field compared to continuously cropped upland field. However, there was no significant difference between the rotational upland field and the continuously cropped upland field for foxtail millet. The most suitable varieties for a paddy-upland rotation system were judged to be Hwanggeumchal, Donganmae, and DS202 for sorghum, and Samdachal, Samdamae, Dahwangmae for foxtail millet.

본 시험은 논으로부터 밭으로 윤환한 2년차인 답전윤환밭과 연속밭에 풋옥수수 찰옥4호 등 8품종을 사용하여 윤환밭과 연속밭의 병충해 발생, 생육 및 수량특성 차이 구명은 물론 풋옥수수의 체계적인 유기농 답전윤환 재배기술을 위한 기초자료를 확립하고자 수행한 결 과는 다음과 같다. 유기농 답전윤환 시 주요 병해는 전반적으로 연속밭에 비해 윤환밭에서 발병률이 높았으며, 시험품종 중 저항성 품종으로 발병률이 2% 미만인 흑진주찰과 대학찰 로 판단되었다. 유기농 답전윤환 시 주요 충해인 조명나방 유충 피해는 전반적으로 연속밭 에 비해 윤환밭에서 피해주율이 높았으며, 시험품종 중 저항성 품종으로는 피해주율이 낮 은 찰옥4호와 흑점2호로 판단되었다. 유기농 답전윤환 시 수량은 윤환밭에서 연속밭의 85 % 수준으로 감소하였으며, 답전윤환밭에서는 찰옥4호가 789.0 kg/10a로 가장 수량이 많았 다. 내병성, 내충성, 수량을 종합 평가하면 유기농 답전윤환 시 적합 품종으로는 찰옥4호, 흑진주찰, 흑점2호로 판단된다.