본 연구는 도심지 경관용으로 식재되는 초화류의 일조부족에 따른 관상성의 차이를 평가하기 위하여 수행하였다. 생장 특성에 따라 수직형, 부채꼴형, 반구형 식물 6종을 대상으로 7개월간의 차광처리 후 생장 특성을 조사하였다. 이 후 각 생장 유형에 따라 형태, 밀도, 색상 등의 관상 특성을 표현할 수 있는 산출식을 도출하였다. 차광처리 전, 후 식물 생육을 측정 한 후 산출식에 따라 관상가치를 평가한 결과 가우라는 자생 지 환경에서의 관상가치를 5점으로 하였을 때 50% 차광에서 0.66점 낮았고, 돌단풍은 80%에서 0.99점 부족한 관상성을 나타냈다. 다양한 환경조건에서 식물들의 생장 패턴을 유형화하는 등의 지속적인 경관식물의 가치 정량화에 대한 후속연구를 통해 도심지 녹지의 질을 높이는데 다양한 식물이 활용될 수 있게 함으로써 관상식물의 부가가치 향상을 기대할 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

본 연구는 비행청소년이 경험한 부모의 애정결핍이 공격성에 미치는 영향에서 사회적 위축의 매개효과를 확인하기 위하여 한국청소년정책연구원의 ‘한국 아동･청소년패 널조사(Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey: KCYPS)’의 초등학교 4학년 패널 조사 중 7차년도(2016년) 자료로 조사 시점에 고등학교 1학년을 대상으로 한 자료를 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 패널 조사 사례 건수는 전체 조사대상 2,378명 중 응답이 부실한 사례를 제외한 1,979명 중 비행 경험이 있는 청소년 291명을 분석의 대상으로 사용하였다. 연구결과를 살펴보면 먼저 변수간의 직접적 영향력을 살펴본 결과 부모의 애정결핍은 자녀의 공격성과 사회적 위축을 더 높이는 것으로 나타났으며, 사회적 위축 또한 공격성을 높이는 요인으로 작용하였다. 그리고 매개효과로서 사회적 위축은 부모의 애정결핍과 자녀의 공력성에 대하여 간접효과를 가지는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 현재 법적으로 비행청소년들에게 부과되는 보호관찰의 수강명령 처분에 더하여 사안에 따라 부과되는 의무적인 부모교육의 강화를 포함한 실천적 개입과 후속연구를 위하여 각 변수의 다양한 하위영역에 대한 영향력에 대한 연구 등의 제언이 이루어졌다.

A greening phenomenon has been observed in some plant foods such as chestnut, sweet potato,burdock, and others during processing. The formation of the pigments was postulated as reactions of primary amino compounds with chlorogenic acid or caffeic acid ester, yielding acridine derivatives. Acridine derivatives have been regarded as mutagenetic agents. For the reason, the bacterial reverse mutation test was carried out to evaluate the genotoxicity of green pigment using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. Alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, glycine,lysine, and phenylalanine were reacted repectively with chlorogenic acid to synthesize model compound. Green pigment was extracted from sweet potato. Maximum concentration of 2 and 50 mg/plate was tested for the synthetic green pigments and extracted green pigment respectively, taking bacterial survival, solubility, and color intensity into consideration. There was no signigicant increase in the reverse mutation either with or without S9 activation system by any test material. Though further studies with other genotoxicity test system are necessary, both synthetic and sweet potato green pigments seemed not to cause mutation despite the acridine moiety in their structures.

A case of chronic osteomyelitis caused by prolonged intake of bisphosphonate showed multiple recurrences involving extensive area of mandibular body. After saucerization the removed bony fragments were decalcified, microsected in 4 ㎛ thickness, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson trichrome, von Gieson, and periodic acid Schiff reaction. The inflammatory lesion contained fragile osteophytes easily propagated into sequestra. Histologically, this osteomyelitis was relatively less suppurative but almost granulomatous, highly infiltrated with small round cells and macrophages. The osteophytes were frequently deposited on the old lamellate bone, but their ossification was extremely immature and frequently filled with sclerosed collagen bundles positive for von Gieson stain. In the polarizing microscope observation under Masson trichrome stain the newly deposited osteophytes were lack of birefringence image of Haversian system contrast to the old bone nearby. Therefore, we presume that the prolonged intake of bisphosphonate may induce the immature osteophytes lack of Harversian system, which are partly filled with sclerotic collagen bundles, and the immature bone is easily undergone extensive degeneration and necrosis, resulted in the inflammatory foci for multiple recurrent osteomyelitis.

The purpose of this study was to determine conditions of dining behaviors, sleep patterns, rates of obesity and intake of snacks and self-purchased snacks deriving from the lack of sleep in academic high school students. The anthropometric characteristics, height and weight (p<0.05), and the distribution of obesity index (p<0.001) showed significant differences between males and females. Dining scores for both male and female students decreased as the frequency of day time napping increased. Although, there was no significant difference in obesity-related "lack of sleep" between males and females, the rate of "being overweight" was slightly higher in female students who indicated that they experienced a "lack of sleep" than female students that indicated "no lack of sleep". While, whether intake of snacks and self-purchased snacks or not, day time napping frequency affected not to male students. However, the frequency of day time napping among females who ate snacks one or more times a day was higher (p<0.05), and a greater frequency of eating self-purchased snacks correlated with a greater frequency of day napping (p<0.01). Consequently, lack of sleep was identified as one of the factors increasing the frequency of intake of snacks and self-purchased snacks in females. Thus, this study suggests that dining behavior guidance should be given along with systematic and continual nutrition education so that the intake of snacks and self-purchased snacks can be moderated to optimize the physical and mental growth and development of adolescents.

This paper focuses on the problems of poor imagination presented in the later poems of Wallace Stevens and W. B. Yeats. Being older and being barren of ideas, both poets feel the bitter anguish about their poetry writing. In his later poem, “Of Mere Being,” Stevens continues his endeavor to picture the ‘abstract’ or true reality but fails to accomplish “a supreme fiction” that is his own ultimate form of poetry. Yeats also seriously doubts of his own capabilities and laments the lack of theme as well as of subject matter in “The Circus Animals’ Desertion.” Although the imagination is sterile, however, the desire itself does not wither away totally. The elderly Stevens simply was not blessed with creative imagination in his later years. Hence, only the “mere” reality repetitively and gallantly appears in “Of Mere Being” and other later works. Yeats also does not give up but undertakes to write significant poems with integrity.

From time to time Yeats’s concept of death baffles us, since he asserts in A Vision that in effect death is neither absence nor nothing but a recurrence of life in other body and other state. No doubt this elaborate myth of reincarnation is an important element of his system, but acceptance of it as his definitive view of death would lead us down several interpretive blind valley. If there is no annihilation of self, then how can we explain the effort of lyric after lyric to summon up heroic energy in the face of death? Moreover, death for him is something that elicits abundant imagination. By analyzing Yeats’s ‘death’ poems, I attempt at some answers to these questions. I begin with the discussion of the ‘reincarnation’ reflected in “A Dialogue of Self and Soul.” In contrast to the Soul who asserts that one must concentrate on the “darkness” of death, imitating as nearly as possible that future state, the Self, provoked by death, reaffirms the present state. The Self reviews life to deny neither imagination nor the senses; rather it reasserts their ultimate worth. If “Dialogue of Self and Soul” is willing to embrace life again in the face of death, “Under Ben Bulben” internalizes authority to quell death. The speaker ruthlessly suppresses his own vulnerabilities with authoritative commands and the voice of his dead father. The discourse in the poem seems abstracted from the poet’s own life, as if spoken by his now disembodied but empowered voice, a voice from a timeless nowhere beyond the grave. “The Apparition,” another poem dealing with death, however, uncovers the terror that undercuts the assertion of ‘joy’ in “A Dialogue of Self and Soul” and “Under Ben Bulben.” No matter how each poem responds to death, however, it is clear that death cannot be approached directly. It is “Man and the Echo” that allows the good picture of the necessary indirectness of one’s meditation on death. The rabbit’s cry of pain interrupts the deathward meditation. This moment of rupture suggests that “Man” can only think death indirectly, through trope and turn. In “Death,” by turning to the logic of lack and repetition, I attempt to provide some possible answers to why Yeats moves to-and-fro between the repression of death and the avowal of its finality. In “Lapis Lazuli” The poet replaces the marks of time with the self-begetting images. Associated with the regenerative power of water and seasons, the immaterial possibilities supplant the marks on the stone’s surface symbolic of literal death. In its internal time the poet creates poetic possibilities that rise from the external time that decays. In short, death for Yeats ‘causes’ life, and opens up the place that is retroactively filled out by life. But above all death inspires, brings about, and dignifies his poetic imagination. Yeats depends on the muse of death for the aesthetics of his poetry. In his poetry he rehearses death every day.

The role of cytochrome P-450 2E1 (P450 2E1) in the early phase of alcoholic fatty liver was examined. Female rats were pretreated with either allyl sulfide (200 mg/kg, po), disulfiram (500 mg/kg, po), YH 439 (250 mg/kg, po) or pyrazine (200 mg/kg/day × 2 days, ip). Marked changes in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity and carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) elevation due to dichloromethane administration were observed in rats treated with one of the P450 2E1 modulators. A single dose of ethanol (6 g/kg, po) increased the hepatic triglyceride contents approximately 2 fold, which was inhibited completely by YH 439 pretreatment. However, the other P450 2E1 modulators failed to alter the ethanol-induced hepatic triglyceride accumulation. In vitro hepatic microsomal enzyme activity was determined in 4 week old premature and 12 week old adult rats. Aminopyrine-N demethylation was not different, but p-nitrophenol hydroxylation and p-nitroanisole O-demethylation were significantly higher in premature rats compared to adult indicating that the P450 2E 1 activity decreases with the maturity of rats. However, no difference in the triglyceride accumulation induced by an intraperitoneal dose of ethanol (3 g/kg) was noted between premature and adult rats. The results suggest that the P450 2E1 activity dose not play an important role in the induction of acute alcoholic fatty liver.

It is necessary to establish countermeasures to prevent spalling in the tunnel ceiling concrete lining from being linked to lack of lining thickness, leading to additional spalling. We analyzed the effect of thinning between the ceiling part and the lining thickness on the safety of the tunnel and confirmed the structural behavior of the lining based on the measured values after practically reinforcing the inside and filling the inside of the lining.

This study is for the damage with lack of drain pipe length and it is presented for the improved references which is ｢Design and management guidelines of road drainage facilities｣.

This study is for the damage with lack of drain pipe length and it is presented for the improved references which is ｢Design and management guidelines of road drainage facilities｣.

본 연구는 현재 한국 대학에서 수학하는 아시아 국가 출신 유학생들의 대학 사회의 적응 을 호네트의 사회적 인정관계의 구조 속에서 살펴보고 있다. 개별 주체인 유학생이 대학사 회 주요 구성원인 타자와의 관계 속에서 이들이 경험하는 인정의 훼손, 즉 무시의 경험이 일어나는 계기가 무엇이며 훼손된 인정을 회복하고자 이들이 펼치는 인정투쟁 방식에 초점 을 맞추었다. 이들의 인정투쟁 방식의 고찰은 현재 우리나라 사회에 증가하는 유학생을 포 함한 이주민을 이해하는 시각의 확대를 제안하는 것으로 궁극적으로 이미 형성된 사회의 인정질서에 이들의 새로운 정체성 요구 즉 새로운 사회 구성원으로서 인정관계를 확대하여 사회통합에 기여 하는데 도움이 되는 이론적 근거를 제공 할 것이라고 생각하기 때문이다. 이 연구는 질적연구 방법으로 진행되었으며 연구 결과 아시아 국가 출신 유학생들은 언어 적 부족, 교우관계, 출신국가 배경에 의해 인정의 부재를 경험하고, 그 결과 분노하지만 무 시를 참고 이해하기, 소모임 만들어 분노 표출과 하소연하기, 한국 학생들에게 점차 동등한 관계형성 요구하기 형태의 인정투쟁 방식을 보여줌을 알 수 있었다.